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新型海洋硫酸多糖DPS对大鼠脑缺血的保护作用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
采用开颅机械闭塞法阻断大鼠大脑中动脉（Middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)造成大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型，观察了DPS（D－polysaccharide sulfate)对MCAO大鼠局灶性脑缺血的保护作用。结果发现，iv DPS剂量分别为20、40mg/kd于术后30min静脉注射，能明显缩小MCAO24h造成的脑梗塞范围，减少脑水含量，但对神经功能障碍无明显的改善效果，同时DPS具有抑制血小板聚集、减少血栓素（TXA2）生成和提高A（Ⅲ）（AntithrombinⅢ）活性的作用。提示DPS可通过抗凝抗血小板聚集、减少TXA2释放来发挥其抗脑缺血的作用。 相似文献
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唇软珊瑚胆甾烷的抗炎作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从中国南沙群岛附近海域采集的唇软珊瑚提取的新结构化合物－唇软珊瑚胆甾烷（２４－亚甲基－３β、５α,６β,１９－四羟基－５α－胆甾烷）对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、醋酸介导小鼠的毛细血管通透性,鸡蛋清所致大鼠足肿胀,大鼠棉球肉芽肿等炎症有显抑制作用。抗炎机制研究表明：唇软珊瑚胆甾烷能显抑制大鼠炎症中致炎因子前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）和组胺的生成。同时对炎症足中的丙二醛的生成也有抑制作用。外源性花生四烯酸可 相似文献
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该文采用 Fe Cl3局部涂抹损伤血管造成的大鼠大脑中动脉血栓模型 ,以脑梗塞范围、行为障碍、脑组织病理改变为观察指标 ,研究 989对脑血栓所致局部缺血性脑损伤的保护作用。结果表明 :9895.0、10 .0 mg/ kg手术后 30 min舌下静脉注射能明显缩小脑栓塞大鼠 2 4 h后的脑梗塞范围 ;98910 .0 mg/ kg能明显改善脑栓塞大鼠的行为障碍。脑组织病理检查发现 ;98910 .0 mg/ kg组动物大脑中动脉内血栓形成极少或未形成 ,脑组织缺血病变较轻。表明 989对栓塞性脑损伤具有明显的保护作用 相似文献
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紫球藻的研究进展 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
紫球藻是多种天然产物的来源，特别是硫酸多糖。本文就近年来紫球藻生理活性物质中的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、多糖和规模培养的研究进展作一综述。内容涉及二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和花生四烯酸（AA）的分离纯化和测定方法，三酰甘油（TAG）对高不饱和脂肪酸、半乳糖脂合成的贡献。紫球藻多糖具有抗病毒、抑制病毒复制，对单疱疹病毒1型和2型（HSV1，2）及水痘－带状疱疹病毒（VZV）有明显的抗性，它能降低白来亨鸡的血清胆固醇水平和改善蛋黄脂肪酸组成，改变雄性Sprague-Dawley鼠肠形态和降低血清胆固醇水平。紫球藻的规模培养包括采用室外成规模玻璃平板式反应器、气升式反应器、改进型气升式反应器、管式反应器等。 相似文献
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系统采集中国沿海10种代表性海藻,进行有效成分提取与粗分;利用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统克隆人COX-2基因,并在昆虫Spodoptera frugiperda(sf9)细胞中表达获得COX-2蛋白;以花生四烯酸为底物,通过测定前列腺素PGE2的生成浓度,测定海藻不同部位对COX-2酶的抑制活性.结果表明,萱藻(Scytosiphon lomentarius)乙醇提取物、鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)和刺松藻(Codium fragile)乙酸乙酯相、松节藻(Rhodomela conferroides)正丁醇相表现出良好的COX-2酶抑制活性(质量浓度为10μg/mL时,抑制率大于50%).首次对上述海藻进行COX-2酶抑制活性研究,其中萱藻乙醇提取物、鼠尾藻和刺松藻乙酸乙酯相、松节藻正丁醇相表现出良好的COX-2抑制活性. 相似文献
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为评价单环刺螠纤溶酶(UFEⅠ)的抗凝血和抗血栓形成作用,并对其免疫原性进行初步研究.文中通过小鼠血液凝固时间实验和大鼠颈动脉血栓形成模型研究UFE Ⅰ抗凝血和抗血栓作用.用纯UFE Ⅰ为抗原免疫小鼠,间接ELISA法测定特异性抗体的动态变化及效价.结果UFE Ⅰ能明显延长小鼠凝血时间,有效抑制大鼠体内的血栓形成,并显著降低大鼠纤维蛋白原含量(FIB),延长活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT).免疫原性的研究结果为UFE Ⅰ末次免疫小鼠后,产生微量特异性抗体,且抗体水平呈现先升后降的动态变化;方阵法确定了ELISA的优化条件,测定UFE Ⅰ免疫后产生的抗体效价为1∶1 280.本文研究显示,单环刺螠纤溶酶UFEⅠ具有显著的抗凝血和抗血栓形成作用,在小鼠体内产生一过性抗体,但对动物机体不造成负面影响. 相似文献
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目的：比较小酸枣汤和酸枣仁汤对小鼠的镇静催眠作用。方法：将80只小鼠随机分为小酸枣汤组、酸枣仁汤组、酸枣仁组、正常对照组,分别灌胃浓度为1.0g/mL的小酸枣汤、酸枣仁汤、酸枣仁水煎液,剂量分别为8.58g/kg、5.98g/kg、10g/kg,正常对照组不予处理,采用镇静催眠实验观察小酸枣汤和酸枣仁汤对小鼠自主活动的影响以及协同戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠的作用。结果：与空白对照组相比,小酸枣汤组和酸枣仁汤组均能减少小鼠自主活动次数及站立次数（P<0.05,P<0.01）,缩短小鼠睡眠潜伏期（P<0.05）,延长小鼠睡眠时间（P<0.01）;小酸枣汤组与酸枣仁汤组对小鼠自主活动次数、站立次数、睡眠潜伏期和睡眠时间的比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：小酸枣汤与酸枣仁汤均具有抑制小鼠自主活动的作用,并能延长戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠的时间;小酸枣汤与酸枣仁汤对小鼠镇静催眠的作用无显著差异。 相似文献
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海洋栅格时空层次聚合模型及其渔业应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
目前地理信息系统数据模型的研究和应用大多是针对陆地问题,针对海洋问题进行时空数据模型的研究较少。本文以海洋统计分析为需求,分析海洋数据的时空特性,结合现有的数据库系统,探究适合海洋特性的时空模型及其逻辑结构。在此基础上,设计基于栅格的时空层次聚合模型,并在实践中检验其有效性。实践表明该模型易于提取多维对象在各维上不同层次的聚合数据,是1种较为实用的时空数据仓库的底层模型。 相似文献
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Neutral aldoses as source indicators for marine snow 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Annelie Skoog Alice Alldredge Uta Passow John Dunne James Murray 《Marine Chemistry》2008,108(3-4):195-206
The chemical characteristics of aggregating material in the marine environment are largely unknown. We investigated neutral aldose (NA) abundance and composition in aggregation of marine snow and other organic matter (OM) size fractions in the field. Four sample sets were fractionated using membrane filtration and ultrafiltration into the following size fractions: particulate material, high-molecular-weight (HMW) material, and low-molecular-weight (LMW) material. We also collected three sample sets of marine-snow aggregates. Each sample set contained small, medium, and large aggregate size fractions and each size fraction consisted of 25–50 aggregates. For 7 marine-snow samples and for each water-sample size fraction, we determined monomeric and polymeric NA concentration, NA yield (amount of NA-C normalized to organic carbon), and composition; total organic carbon (TOC) concentration; transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) concentration, and TEP propensity (TEP concentration after inducing TEP formation in filtered samples). This is the first study to include compound-specific NA determinations on these four marine OM size fractions.The mass balances of organic carbon and NA indicated that there were no serious contamination or loss problems. Concentrations, yields, and NA mol fractions in water samples were similar to results from other studies. Glucose and galactose had the highest relative abundance in all size fractions. The NA yield increased with increasing molecular weight or particle size for all fractions except marine snow. The NA yield increased in the order: LMW< marine snow< HMW< particles. Marine snow had a higher average NA yield than the LMW fraction, but lower than particle and HMW-fractions. This indicates that OM in marine snow could have been diagenetically derived from particulate and HMW-fractions, that is, marine snow may include material from the particulate and the colloidal phase.TEP concentration or TEP propensity was positively correlated with concentrations of all individual NAs as well as the sum NA concentrations, indicating that TEP contains neutral sugars in addition to the acidic polysaccharides stained in the determination of TEP concentrations.Despite the relatively low NA yield in marine snow, marine snow was enriched in NA when compared with seawater, with enrichment factors of 34–225 (average 125). By combining data from this study with data from other studies, we estimate that < 10% of carbohydrates in marine snow comprise NAs.There was no clear correlation between marine-snow aggregate size and NA yield, that is, there appears to be no general age difference between small and large marine-snow aggregates. NA composition was similar among different marine-snow size fracions collected during the same day, indicating that aggregation/disaggregation reactions resulted in homogenizing NA composition in marine-snow aggregates of all sizes. The NA composition of marine snow was different from that of other OM size fractions, indicating either that bacterial degradation has modified the composition of marine snow to a larger extent than other OM size fractions or that marine snow is formed through the aggregation of selected subcomponents of OM. 相似文献
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音响驯化技术被广泛应用于海洋牧场及淡水水域对鱼类行为的控制,但在采用何种频率和波形声音方面的研究积累尚少。试验室条件下,利用400 Hz矩形波连续音对鲤、草鱼进行了音响驯化试验。结果表明,鲤、草鱼的反应时间和聚集时间均逐日减少。平均反应时间分别为25.4 s和34.6 s,平均聚集时间分别为48.9 s和56.9 s;聚集率则逐日增加.驯化5 d后,鲤、草鱼的聚集率均达到100%,平均聚集率分别为89.7%和94.1%。由此可见.400 Hz矩形波连续音对鲤、草鱼均有明显的驯化作用。 相似文献
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海洋微塑料是全球共同面对的环境问题和挑战,然而目前海洋微塑料从源到汇的输运和沉积过程及影响机制尚不明确。已有研究发现微塑料颗粒的垂向沉降过程受到海洋雪等水体悬浮物质的影响,但是目前相关研究只局限于定性的观察分析。在实验室中模拟含有海洋雪的近岸水体环境,使细颗粒微塑料(PS微球、PVC颗粒)与海洋雪产生碰撞、聚集,观测微塑料或微塑料-海洋雪聚集体的沉降过程。研究结果表明,水体中含有海洋雪时,一方面海洋雪会促进微塑料颗粒自身的聚集,形成更大的聚集体;另一方面由于海洋雪包裹微塑料形成松散的聚集体,导致平均沉速减小。50 μm以下的微塑料其沉降过程受海洋雪的影响较大,平均沉速减小35%以上;微塑料密度越大,受海洋雪的影响越小,平均沉速减小10%以下。沉降速率的减缓,意味着微塑料在水柱中的停留时间增加,处于不同深度的水生生物可能有更多时间和概率与微塑料接触,增加了鱼类等水生生物摄入微塑料的风险。 相似文献
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Diel Vertical Migration of the Marine Cladoceran Podon Leuckarti: Variations with Reproductive Stage
Diel vertical migration (DVM) of the marine cladoceran Podon leuckarti was investigated with reference to their reproductive stages and size. Males and females, except for gamogenic females with an advanced resting egg (GA), aggregated at the near-bottom layer or at the surface during the day and dispersed into the water column at night. Both the near-bottom aggregation and the surface aggregation during daytime are suggested to be behavior that reduces the predation risk from visual predators. However, GA aggregated in the near-bottom layer during daytime and avoided the surface layer. The near-bottom aggregation might be more effective behavior for GAs to reduce risk of visual predation than the surface aggregation because of the conspicuous resting egg they carried. These results show that carrying an advanced resting egg influenced the DVM of P. leuckarti. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2002,26(1):13-34
The organisation of a fisheries statistical system dictates the potential usage of its information output. Information is used for planning of food production (fish as a commodity), for fisheries management (fish as a renewable natural resource), and for nature conservation (fish as an indicator for ecosystem quality). In this sequence, the required temporal, spatial and categorical resolution of data increases, while aggregation into meaningful ecological spaces requires a subtle way of organising the data flow. The effective usage of the present fisheries information of Vietnam is constrained by (1) its low categorical resolution and (2) the non-transparent aggregation of data into mere administrative spaces. Information requirements can be better articulated with the instalment of mandatory evaluation procedures at all levels in the fisheries administration. Our examples range from the national administration of the 4 million ton marine fisheries in Hanoi, to the local administration of a fishing commune in the Red River Delta. 相似文献
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深圳湾底质中的硫化物 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
本文在1986年4月至1989年1月深圳湾环境污染调查的基础上,通过6个调查站55个样次的底质硫化物的检测,分析了深圳湾底质硫化物的含量水平、分布的区域性和季节性差异,以及底质硫化物与底质有机质含量的相关关系,并对深圳湾底质硫化物的污染程度作出了评价,为今后深圳湾质量综合评价提供了背景资料。 相似文献