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1.
1 INTRODUCTION Lectins have been regarded as having a puta- tive role in non-self recognition in vertebrate and invertebrate immunities (Arason, 1996; Matsushita, 1996; Olafsen, 1996; Vasta et al., 1999; Wilson, et al., 1999; Marques and Barracco, 2000). … 相似文献
2.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to assess the genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships
in 4 species ofPorphyra. The samples were collected from the coast of Canada, Vietnam, Zhoushan, Fujian and Qingdao in China. Amplifications with
20 primers were carried out under predetermined optimal reaction conditions (samples were first heated at 94°C for 5 min.
and followed by 45 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 36°C, and 2 min at 72°C, then held at 72°C for 10 min). The amplified
products were scored as present (1) or absent (0) for each DNA sample and an index of genetic similarity (F) was calculated
by using Nei & Li’s matching coefficient method (1979). The value of (1−F) was used to quantify the genetic distances between
species and construct a phylogenetic tree. The relationship indicated by the UPGMA and NJ cluster analysis on the values of
the genetic distance is in good overall agreement with classical taxonomy. The obvious differences between natural and cultivated
population ofP. haitanensi suggest that variation or hybridization with other species occurred during the culture.
Contribution No. 100 from the Experimental Marine Biology Laboratory, IOCAS.
Contribution No. 3289 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The research supported by the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
3.
Effects of salinity, light and temperature on growth rates of two species of Gracilaria （Rhodophyta） 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Effects of temperature, salinity and light intensity on growth rates of Gracilaria lichenoides and G. tenuistipitata var. liui Zhang et Xia were tested. Eight to ten levels of each factor were first tested separately. The best growth rate was obtained
under the conditions of 32°C, 30 and 240 μmol/(m2·s) for G. lichenoides, and 24°C, 20 and 200 μmol/(m2·s) for G. tenuistipitata, respectively. Then a uniform design was used to evaluate the optimal combinations of the three factors. The best conditions
for the highest daily specific growth rates (% increase in wet weight) are determined to be 31.30°C, 32.10, and 287.23 μmol/(m2·s) for G. lichenoides (16.26%/d), and 25.38°C, 21.10, and 229.07 μmol/(m2·s) for G. tenuistipitata (14.83%/d), respectively.
Supported by the 908 Special Program (908-02-04-07), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2006CB400608),
and K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University 相似文献
4.
Effects of temperature on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ammonia—N excretion rate of scallopChlamys farreri (1.7–6.2 cm in shell height) were studied in laboratory from Dec. 30,1996 to Jan. 28,1997. Under the controlled conditions
of ambient water temperature 10–31°C and salinity 32, the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and ammonia—N were determined
by the Winkle method and the hypobromite method, respectively. Results showed that the OCR ranged from 1.20 mg/g (DW) · h
to 5.76 mg/g (DW) · h. The OCR increased with temperature from 10°C to 23°C, but at 28°C the OCR of mature individuals decreased,
and that of different size scallops reduced at 31°C. The ammonia—N excretion rate ranged from 113.03 μg NH4-N/g (DW) · h to 486.63 μg NH4-N/g (DW) · h, and increased with temperature from 10°C to 31°C.
Contribution No.3180 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work was supported by the National
Commission of Science and Technology of China, Grant No.96-922-02-04. 相似文献
5.
Effects of reduced salinity on the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the ammonia-N excretion rate (AER) of scallopChlamys farreri (3.2–5.9 cm in shell height, 0.147–1.635 g in soft tissue dry weight) were studied in laboratory from March 21, 1997 to April
16, 1997. Under the controlled conditions of reduced salinity from 31.5 to 15.0 and ambient temperature 17°C and 23°C, the
concentrations of dissolved oxygen and ammonia-N were determined by the Winkle method and the hypobromite method, respectively.
Results showed that with controlled reduced salinity, the mean values of the OCR were 2.17 mg/(g.h) at 17°C, and 2.86 mg/(g.h)
at 23°C and that the mean values of the AER were 178.0 μg/(g.h) at 17°C and 147.0 μg/(g.h) at 23°C. The OCR and the AER decreased
with reducing salinity from 31.5 to 15.0 both at 17°C and 23°C. The effects of reduced salinity on the OCR and the AER of
scallopC. farreri could be represented by the allometric equation and the exponential equation, respectively.
Contribution No. 3295 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Project supported by the National Ministry of Science and Technology of China and by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant
No. 96-922-02-04 and KZ951-A1-102-02. 相似文献
6.
Reproductive rate of a marine planktonic copepodLabidocera euchaeta Giesbrecht in Xiamen Harbor bor was studied during the period from April 1986 to August 1987. Results showed that rate of
egg production (F, eggs/(♀, d)) was positively correlated with temperature (T,oC) and body weight of spawning female (Wc, μgC) as:F=0.0637 (T−7)0.7445
Wc. Each month a maximum rate of egg production occurred at one of the five experimental temperatures (10°, 15°, 25°, and 30°C)
near the monthly mean field temperature. The available food density (P, μgC/ml) had significant effect on specific rate of egg production (Fc, %C ♀/d) as:Fc=0.1732 (P-0.0179)/P. The gross efficiency of egg production of ca 62% in carbon was independent of food density snd ingestion rate. Observations
on in situ egg production and hatching rate demonstrated that this species reproduces continuously all the year round, with
summer as its high reproductive season and winter a low one. Ten generations a year is also suggested based on the number
of the peaks of average population egg production rate. This agreed well with the result obtained from the generation-time
equations. Egg-laying pattern was also observed and discussed. 相似文献
7.
Extracellular products (ECP) produced byVibrio anguillarum strain M3 originally isolated from diseased flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were prepared. ECP of M3 showed gelatinase, casinase, amylase and haemolytic activity on agarose plates. High protease activity
against azocasin was detected. Bacterium M2 showed highest growth and protease activity at 25°C. The protease present in ECP
showed maximal activity at pH 8 and 55°C; was completely inactivated by application of 80°C heat for 30 min; was completely
inhibited by EDTA and HgCl2, and was partially inhibited by PMSF, SDS, MnCl2 and iodoacetic acid; but not inhibited by CaCl2 and MgCl2. The ECP was toxic to flounder fish at LD50 values of 3.1 μg protein/g body weight. The addition of HgCl2 and application of heat at 50°C decreased the lethal toxicity of ECP. When heated at 100°C, ECP lethality to flounder was
completely inhibited. After intramuscular injection of ECP into flounder, it showed evident histopathological changes including
necrosis of muscle, extensive deposition of haemosiderin in the spleen, dilated blood vessels congested with numerious lymphocytes
in the liver. These results showed that ECP protease was a lethal factor produced by the bacteriumV. anguillarum M3.
Contribution No. 4213 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Funded by projects under the Major State Basic Research Development Program, Grant G1999012003. 相似文献
8.
A cruise was undertaken from 3rd to 8th November 2004 in Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and its adjacent waters to investigate the spatial biomass distribution and size composition of phytoplankton. Chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentration ranged 0.42-1.17 μg L^-1 and 0.41-10.43 μg L^-1 inside and outside the river mouth, with the mean value 0.73 μg L^-1 and 1.86 μg L^-1, respectively. Compared with the Chl-a concentration in summer of 2004, the mean value was much lower inside, and a little higher outside the river mouth. The maximal Chl-a was 10.43 μg L^-1 at station 18 （122.67°E, 31.25°N）, and the region of high Chl-a concentration was observed in the central survey area between 122.5°E and 123.0°E. In the stations located east of 122.5°E, Chl-a concentration was generally high in the upper layers above 5 m due to water stratification. In the survey area, the average Chl-a in sizes of 〉20 μm and 〈20 μm was 0.28 μg L^-1 and 1.40 μg L^-1, respectively. High Chl-a concentration of 〈20 μm size-fraction indicated that the nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton contributed the most to the biomass of phytoplankton. Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum micans and Scrippsiella trochoidea were the dominant species in surface water. The spatial distribution of cell abundance of phytoplankton was patchy and did not agree well with that of Chl-a, as the cell abundance could not distinguish the differences in shape and size of phytoplankton cells. Nitrate and silicate behaved conservatively, but the former could probably be the limitation factor to algal biomass at offshore stations. The distribution of phosphate scattered considerably, and its relation to the phytoplankton biomass was complicated. 相似文献
9.
This paper reports results of study on the contents of proteins, amino acids, polysaccharose and uronic acids in 30 species of macroalgae from Shicao, Heishijiao, Shimiao, and Xiaofujiazhuang in the vicinity of Dalian City, N.E.China. The results showed that the protein contents of the 30 algae from highest (112.55μg/ml) to the lowest (0.24 p.g/ml) was in the descending order of Dictyopteris ndalata, Gelidium vagum,Gymnogongrus japonican, Ectocarpus confervoides, Tinocladia crassa, Sargassum thunberii. In general, the protein content in red algae was higher than that in brown algae. The content of free ami no acids showed nosignificent differences from 7.44μg/ml-4.96μg/ml in all these algae, in the descending order of Gymnogongrusrus japonican, Sargassum confusum, Undoria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica and Ectocarpus confervoides. The content of polysaccharose varied from 168.2 gg/ml-22.15 p.g/ml in the descending order of Symphyocladiaia tiuscula, Scytosiphon lomentarius, Desmarestia viridis., Tinocladia crassa, Gracilaria asiatica and Porphyra yezoensis. The content of uronic acids is from 196.24μg/ml-20.77μg/ml in the descending order of Ulva lactuca,Symphyoclaldia latiuscula, Scytosiphon lomentarius, Ceramimum kondoi, Gracilaria vemucosa and Porphyra yezoensis. The fatty acids in 30 species of algae belong to Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta. Most phaeophytes have many (4-12) types of fatty acids. 相似文献
10.
Dolmatova L. S. Eliseykina M. G. Timchenko N. F. Kovaleva A. L. Shitkova O. A. 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(4):293-304
Pure fraction (92%–95%) of phagocytes (FP) and a mixture of amoebocytes (62%) and morula cells (38%)-FPMC- of the holothurianEupentacta fraudatrix' (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota) were obtained by using ficoll-verographine step gradient. Basal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FP quantified
by using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was more than twice that in FPMC. Thermostable toxin ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis (TST) at different concentrations (0.2; 0.5; 2.5 μg/ml, but not 0.1 μg/ml) stimulated NBT reduction in FPMC after 24 h incubation.
In FP, TST at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 μg/ml inhibited and at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 μg/ml stimulated NBT reduction
after 24 h incubation. Maximal effect was observed in FP and FPMC at TST concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively.
Addition of catalase (0.7 μg/ml) to the cells treated with TST (2.5 μg/ml) was followed by a decrease in NBT reduction compared
to that under toxin treatment alone. TST stimulated superoxide dismutase activity in concentration-dependent manner (maximum
at 0.5 μg/ml concentration in FP) after 24 h treatment, and this stimulation was prevented by a commercial catalase. Plant
lectin concanavalin A stimulated NBT reduction more than 5-fold in FPMC compared to the control. With addition of TST, lectin
stimulated ROS to lesser extent than that with lectin alone. When catalase, TST, and lectin were added into the FPMC simultaneously,
ROS increase was similar to that under lectin treatment alone. On the whole, data obtained indicated that ROS generation in
holothurian coelomocytes especially occurs in both stimulated and not stimulated phagocytes, and that changes in ROS production
by these cells may be one of the mechanisms of antibacterial protection of holothurians.
This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research Grant (No. 00-04-48949). 相似文献
11.
Non-specific immune response of bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila was studied to 60 individuals in two groups. Each bullfrog in bacterium-injected group was injected intraperitoneally （i.p.） with 0.2 ml bacterial suspension at a density of 5.2 × 10^6 CFU/ml, while each one in control group injected i.p. with 0.2 ml sterile saline solution （0.85%, w/v）. Three bullfrogs in both groups were sampled at 0, 1, 3, 7, 11, 15 and 20 days post-injection （dpi） for the evaluation of non-specific immune parameters. It was observed that intraperitoneal injection of A. hydrophila significantly increased the number of leucocytes and that of NBT-positive cells in peripheral blood. Significant increases in serum bactericidal activity and serum acid phosphatase activity were also observed in the bacterium-injected frogs when compared with those in the control group. However, a significant reduction was detected in vitro in phagocytosis activity of peripheral blood phagocytes. No significant difference in changes in the number of peripheral erythrocytes, serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, and lysozyme activity was detected between the two groups. It is suggested that bullfrogs may produce a series of non-specific immune reactions in response to the A. hydrophila infection. 相似文献
12.
Chondrus is a type of commercially produced red seaweed that widely used for food and carrageen extraction. Although the natural life
history of the alga had been well understood, the factors influencing development of the tetraspore and carpospore remain
poorly understood. In the perspective of seedling resources, the regulation of early development is crucial for the seedling
nursing; therefore, it is necessary to understand the physiological influences during its early development. In this study,
we studied the effects of temperature and irradiance on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm under laboratory conditions. The released tetraspores and carpospores were cultivated at different temperatures (10–28°C)
and irradiances (10, 60 μmol photons m−2s−1) with a photoperiod of 12L:12D. The results indicate that both tetraspores and carpospores are tolerant to temperatures of
10–25°C, and have the highest relative growth rate at 20°C. Irradiance variances influenced the growth of the discoid crusts,
and the influence was more significant with increasing temperature; 60 μmol photons m−2s−1 was more suitable than 10 μmol photons m−2s−1. The optimum temperature and irradiance for the development of seedlings was 20°C and 60 μmol photons m−2s−1, respectively. 相似文献
13.
Study on the dominant species of Pteropoda in East China Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1 INTRODUCTION Pteropoda is a group of marine pelagic mol- lusks, which belongs to Opisthobranchia of Gastro- poda. Although Pteropoda is not a major group in pelagic zooplankton in terms of abundance and number of species, their ecological characters are… 相似文献
14.
Gametophytes of Laminaria japonica were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using encapsulation-dehydration with two-step cooling method. Gametophytes cultured at 10℃ and under continuous irradiance of 30 μmol m-2 s-1 for 3 weeks were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. The beads were dehydrated in 0.4 molL-1 sucrose prepared with seawater for 6 h, desiccated in an incubator set at 10℃ and 70% relative humidity for 4 h, pre-frozen at either -40℃ or -60℃ for 30 min, and stored in liquid nitrogen for ＞24 h. As high as 43% of survival rate was observed when gametophytes were thawed by placing the beads in 40℃seawater and re-hydrated in 0.05 molL-1 citrate sodium prepared using 30‰ NaC1 7 d later. More cells of male gametophytes survived the whole procedure in comparison with female gametophytes. The cells of gametophytes surviving the preservation were able to grow asexually and produce morphologically normal sporophytes. 相似文献
15.
In laboratory conditions, effects of rearing temperature and stocking density were examined on hatching of fertilized egg
and growth of auricularia larvae of Apostichopus japonicus respectively. Data series like larval length and density, metamorphic time, and survival rate of the larvae were recorded.
Statistics showed that for A. japonicus, survival rate (from fertilized egg to late auricularia) decreased significantly with the increasing rearing temperature
(P<0.05). At different temperatures SGR was statistically significant as well (P<0.05) from day 1, and maximal SGR was found on day 9 at 24°C (159.26±3.28). This study clearly indicated that at low temperature
(<24°C), metamorphic rate was remarkably higher than at higher temperature (>26°C). Hatching rate was significantly different
between 0.2–5 ind./ml groups and 20–50 ind./ml groups. Rearing larvae at the higher density had the smaller maximal-length,
whereas needed longer time to complete metamorphosis. This study suggested that 21°C and 0.4 ind./ml can be used as the most
suitable rearing temperature and stocking density for large -scale artificial breeding of A. japonicus’s larvae. 相似文献
16.
During a survey for marine microalgal resources, we isolated a rare marine euglenoid from the coastal waters of Qingdao, China in 2009, and established a pure culture. Electron microscopic and molecular phylogenetic (18S rDNA and 16S rDNA sequences) analyses revealed a close affinity with Eutreptiella gymnastica, a bloom-forming species. Different culture conditions were monitored to understand optimal E. gymnastica growth characteristics. The optimal growth conditions in a batch culture of this isolate were 20°C, 160 μmol photons/(m2×s) of white light, and a salinity of 10-31. Nutrient experiments demonstrated that growth increased dramatically with a phosphorus concentration greater than 72 μmol/L. Understanding the effect of culture conditions on E. gymnastica may help understanding the blooming mechanism of this alga in its natural environment. 相似文献
17.
Costaria costata (C. Agardh) Saunders is one of common kelps distributed in many coastal areas worldwide; however, in China, no reports have
been made on cultivation of the genus. To investigate potential cultivation of the species in the northern part of China,
trials on isolation and preservation of the gametophytes were conducted using C. costata from Korea; growth and development of the gametophytes were observed. We showed that at 10±1°C, 60 μmol m−2s−1 and 12:12 h (L:D), freshly released zoospores settled down within 1 hour, and then developed into the primary cell during
the following 2 days. After a vegetative growth phase lasting 6–8 days, female gametophytes became 3–4 times larger in diameter
than that of the primary cell, but still remained at a unicellular stage, while male gametophytes divided into 4–10 cells
with only a slight change in size. Fertilization occurred within 10 days after the zoospores were released from the sporangia,
and the apical and basal tissues of the juvenile sporophyte divided and differentiated into the blade and stipe. Temperature
and irradiance influenced gametophytic vegetative growth and developmental patterns. Generally, low irradiance (15 μmol m−2s−1 and 30 μmol m−2s−1) was unfavorable to the induction of fertility, but it enhanced female gametophyte division. The optimal conditions for vegetative
growth were 15°C and 30 μmol m−2s−1. After transplantation of the juvenile seedlings and after eight months cultivation, the harvested mature blade reached 194
cm in length and 32.7 cm in width. Our study proves that it is feasible to implement propagation and large scale cultivation
of C. costata in northern China. 相似文献
18.
Extracts of 21 marine invertebrates belonging to Coelenterata, Mollusca, Annelida, Bryozoa,Echiura, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Urochordata were screened for the studies on their antitumor and immune regulation activities. Antitumor activity was determined by MTT method and immune regulation activity was studied using T- and B-lymphocytes in mice spleen in vitro. It was found that the n-butanol part of Asterina pectinifera, the acetic ether part of Tubuaria marina, 95% ethanol extract of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus have a high inhibition rate of 96.7%, 63.9% and 50.5% respectively on tumor cell line HL-60 at the concentration of 0.063 mg/ml. The inhibition rate of the acetic ether part of Tubuaria marina on the tumor cell line A-549 is 65,4 % at concentration of 0.063 mg/mL. The 95% ethanol extract of Meretrix meretrix has so outstanding promoting effect on T-lymphocytes that their multiplication increases 25% when the sample concentration is only 1μg/ml. On B-lymphocytes, the 95% extract of Rapana venosa, at concentration of 100μg/ml, has a promotion percentage of 60%. On the other hand, under the condition of no cytotoxic effect, the 95% ethanol extracts of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus and Cellana toreum can reach 92% inhibition rate on T lymphocyte at concentration of 100μg/ml, while the inhibition rate on B lymphocyte of the 95% extract of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus reaches 92% at the same concentration. 相似文献
19.
1 INTRODUCTION Chironomid larvae are main groups in most aquatic ecosystems, playing a crucial ecological role in decomposition of detritus and material ex- changes between water column and the sediment (Liang et al., 1995a, b; Chen, et al., 1982). They a… 相似文献
20.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were screened from organic solvent extracts of macroalgae by a spectrophotometrical method with p-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranosidase as the substrate. The result indicates that orgarlic crude extracts from some macroalgae such as Rhodomela confervoides (Huds.) Silva, Gracilaria textorii(Suringar) DeToni, Plocamium telfairiae Harv., Dictyopteris divaricata (Okam.) Okam, Ulval pertusa and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link et al. show strong inhibitory activity of alpha-glucosidase at concentration of 79.6 μg/ml. 相似文献