共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 209 毫秒
1.
南水北调中线输水渠道中,针对同时操作闸门是否仍能维持闸前水位为常值,模拟计算了同时改变渠首流量、闸门开度和分水口流量时渠道中的非恒定过渡过程。结果显示,中线主干渠中所有闸门开度不论是同时增加还是减小,渠道中的水流均需要很长时间才能达到新的恒定状态,且闸门开度减小比闸门开度增大所需的过渡时间要长很多。非恒定过渡过程中,闸前水位的变化幅度都较大,各闸前水位最终都能回复到初始时刻的水位。由于非恒定过渡过程时间很长,实际运行条件下,要实现闸前常水位运行方式还需要对闸门的调度方式做更多的研究。 相似文献
2.
提出了一种针对自流型渠道输水的最优化控制的两步法。第一步是控制各闸站流量使渠段水位(或蓄水量)达到目标水位(或蓄水量),第二步是调整流量使渠段水位稳定。建立了使渠道内水流在最短时间内恢复到正常运行水位的最优渠道输水控制模型。构建了长距离渠道输水控制的一系列约束条件,包括渠道下游需水量约束、最高控制水位、水位最大容许下降速度、渠道容许过流能力、最少的开机次数等。提出了利用线性规划或将大系统分解为若干子系统求解的方法。算例结果表明,用传统的渠道控制方法需要几天才能使水位恢复到目标水位的渠道,用本优化方法控制,可以在几小时内使渠道水位达到目标水位并达到稳定。 相似文献
3.
结合工程实际,研究利用船闸泄水进行下游引航道清淤,对减少清淤成本、提高通航效率有着重要的工程价值。建立枢纽及船闸下游引航道的二维水沙数学模型,采用已有模型试验对水流场和泥沙场进行验证。研究引航道及口门区的泥沙淤积规律,在此基础上,分析船闸输水系统的水力特性,研究了不同冲刷流量、冲刷时间和初始淤积厚度下引航道及口门区的冲刷效果,得出船闸泄水量与引航道及口门区最大淤积厚度的关系。结果表明,在同一初始淤积地形和冲刷流量下,引航道及口门区的最大淤积厚度与冲刷时间呈线性变化,冲刷流量越大,泥沙厚度下降的斜率越大。淤积厚度低于一定值后,随冲刷时间的增加,冲刷效果开始减弱。 相似文献
4.
科学合理的输水控制策略是保障长距离调水工程安全平稳运行的基础,根据控制策略实现向各分水口门供水计划的目标。在总结现有输水调度控制研究成果基础上,通过结合调度运行实际,综合考虑目标水位控制的鲁棒性、水位降幅的约束性、渠道上下游水情的统筹性因素,对输水调度控制策略进行了改进,提出了基于流量变化、水位变幅相耦合的实时调度控制策略。根据流量变化对渠段进行水量平衡分析,实施宏观控制,同时根据水位及其变幅实施微观调控。模型应用于南水北调中线渠段水位调整典型工况,通过渠首至测试断面坟庄河节制闸之间,约1 100 km的输水调度,成功实现了坟庄河节制闸前运行水位按需求降低0.5 m的目标,此过程中保持了其他渠段运行平稳。而传统控制策略由于未统筹考虑上、下游水情和水位降幅限制,测试时出现坟庄河节制闸前水位骤降,而其下游水位骤增的不利情况。 相似文献
5.
《岩土工程技术》2017,(5)
在水位变动条件下,对岸坡上建(构)筑物进行渗流场分析对于抗浮设防水位的确定有着重要作用。为了分析在水位动态变化条件下,岸坡上建筑物的地下水位变化情况,以实际工程中某典型岸坡上建筑物为工程背景,根据饱和—非饱和渗流理论,采用GeoStudio有限元软件,对该岸坡进行了有限元渗流数值分析,分析了该岸坡在水位上升和下降作用下的地下水位线变化规律,得到了在水位变化条件下该岸坡上建筑基坑处的地下水位线变化与坡面至基坑边缘的水平距离之间的关系。为岸坡上建(构)筑物抗浮设防水位确定提供了可靠依据,计算结果可作为该工程抗浮设计的重要参考数据,指导了该项目基坑的抗浮稳定性分析工作。 相似文献
6.
采用典型测站观测资料与水力学原理相结合,分析不同情况下城陵矶水位与洞庭湖区水位关联性强弱转化的机理和临界条件以及三峡水库对其影响等问题。理论解析表明,固定流量下,湖区水位与城陵矶水位相关关系应为单调指数函数,受到区间距离、湖槽形态等多因素影响,据此提出和率定了各湖区水位的经验计算模式。利用经验计算模式对实测数据进行延展,构建了各种可能出现的湖区来流和干流水位组合下的湖区水位特征曲线族,发现湖区水位与城陵矶水位之间的关联强度存在无影响区、影响区和决定区等状态区间,通过对临界条件的定义和计算,实现了各状态区间的定量划分,并提出了各状态区间内洞庭湖区水位的估算方法。通过对三峡水库蓄水后湖床冲淤和水文条件变化的影响分析,论证了以上方法和认识在水库蓄水后的适用性。 相似文献
7.
平底闸淹没孔流的水力计算或流量资料整编,由于影响因素复杂,加以闸下水位又不便直接观测,常以闸下游水位代替闸下水位,并以闸孔过水面积分析流量系数,或以自由式孔流的计算公式去分析淹没系数等,不但计算工 相似文献
8.
水位变动带综合给水度在水资源评价中是一个十分重要的参数。对于大区域含水层组来讲,手工计算是相当困难的。水文地质数据库和现代软件工具为我们解决这一问题提供了方便。本文探讨了应用MapGIS软件和VB语言编程从地下水数据库中提取钻孔的水文地质试验数据、岩性、厚度、地下水位等资料,综合分析和计算水位变动带综合给水度的方法;并将该方法应用于“华北平原地下水资源可持续利用调查评价”项目的水资源计算。在该项目中,针对地下水超采引起的巨厚水位变动带,以地下水数据库为基础,用MapGIS的空间分析功能和VB语言编程来处理和分析提取的数据资料,从而求得水位变动带综合给水度和区域综合给水度,并编制了“华北平原地下水位变动带给水度分布图”。 相似文献
9.
三峡水库周期性水位变动造成了部分消落带岩体劣化,其具体表现为强度下降和宏观裂隙增多,这使得一些柱状危岩体被发现或需要重新认识,包括箭穿洞、曲子滩和棺木岭等危岩体。这些柱状危岩体三维边界清晰,由"硬-相对软"的岩性组成,主要受控于相对软的硬岩基座岩体。采用伪时间增量的方式模拟岩石强度的时间相关劣化效应,数值分析了多水位变动周期下棺木岭危岩体裂缝和破坏区的扩展情况。危岩体初始破坏区主要集中在基座趾部岩体。随着水位变动周期增多,裂缝和破坏区由危岩体踵部和趾部相对扩展,破坏区主要集中在危岩体踵部。10次水位周期计算所得破坏区比相同时步、没有劣化效应时增加了近4倍,且以拉张破坏为主。周期性水位变动造成的岩体劣化强烈加快了柱状危岩体演化进程,同时影响了其破坏机理。从数值分析来看,棺木岭危岩体的变形破坏模式从原来的倾倒为主将转为以压溃崩塌为主。水位变动条件下岩石强度的时间相关劣化效应及其对柱状危岩体的影响研究将为三峡水库危岩体防治提供重要技术支撑。 相似文献
10.
根据水文、农业等部门和单位调研成果,确定双台子河闸所承担的供水任务。依据河闸供水设计标准、用水需求及抗旱工作要求,确定干旱预警期。通过实际用水特点计算出河闸应供水量,最大应供水量加上死库容,得到对应河闸水位,并与河闸取水口高程比较,综合考虑,取最大者作为水库旱限水位标准。最后做出合理性分析。 相似文献
11.
Jean-Christophe Maréchal Jean-Michel Vouillamoz M. S. Mohan Kumar Benoit Dewandel 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(8):1787-1796
A method to estimate aquifer thickness and hydraulic conductivity has been developed, consisting of multiple pumping tests. The method requires short-duration pumping cycles on an unconfined aquifer with significant seasonal water-table fluctuations. The interpretation of several pumping tests at a site in India under various initial conditions provides information on the change in hydrodynamic parameters in relation to the initial water-table level. The transmissivity linearly decreases compared with the initial water level, suggesting a homogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity with depth. The hydraulic conductivity is estimated from the slope of this linear relationship. The extrapolation of the relationship between transmissivity and water level provides an estimate of the aquifer thickness that is in good agreement with geophysical investigations. The hydraulically active part of the aquifer is located in both the shallow weathered and the underlying densely fractured zones of the crystalline basement. However, no significant relationship is found between the aquifer storage coefficient and initial water level. This new method contributes to filling the methodological gap between single pumping tests and hydraulic tomography, in providing information on the variation of the global transmissivity according to depth. It can be applied to any unconfined aquifer experiencing large seasonal water-table fluctuations and short pumping cycles. 相似文献
12.
在地下水扩散方程中,压力传导系数是描述地下水运动的重要参数。传统的方法是通过抽水或注水给地下水系统一个扰动,监测地下水水位的响应,由此计算含水层的压力传导系数。文章提出用潮汐衰减率方法识别含水层压力传导系数,其适用于滨海区承压含水层的参数识别。在推导出解析解的基础上,通过数值拟合、最小二乘法、牛顿迭代法求得含水层的压力传导系数,提出潮汐衰减率的概念,建立余切函数与潮汐衰减率的线性关系,用线性关系中的斜率和截距识别压力传导系数。用潮汐衰减率方法识别出的压力传导系数与其实际值相等,说明该方法是正确有效的。潮汐信号衰减率与海水振荡的余切函数线性相关。数值仿真表明,该方法可以准确地估算出含水层的压力传导系数。潮汐衰减率方法具有少打井,经济高效等优点。潮汐衰减率方法为实际工程应用提供了可靠的理论基础,它可以用于部分实际工程中。该方法的局限性在于需要提供含水层的部分参数,如含水层的长度、海水波动振幅、频率等。 相似文献
13.
Rockfill is the most abundant building material. It is often used for water retention under different contexts, such as dams, embankments or drainage systems. Climate change may cause water levels to rise in reservoirs. As rockfill structures are not able to resist strong overtopping flow, rising water levels will constitute a danger for rockfill dam stability as well as for people living nearby. This work is aimed at the development of an empirical formula that enables calculation of the critical water level of overflow at the crest from the geometrical and physical parameters of a dam. To achieve these objectives, several experimental tests on a rockfill dam model with two different impervious cores, moraine with a sand filter and an empty wooden formwork, were conducted in a hydraulic channel at the hydro-environmental laboratory at École Polytechnique de Montréal. The purpose of these tests was to study the initiation of a riprap failure under the influence of different variables, such as rock size, riprap bank, downstream side slope and bed slope. Results showed linear trends between the critical water level and both the downstream side slope and bed slope. Also, a power trend was observed between the critical level and riprap grain size. A formula that gives the critical overtopping water level was developed from these results. 相似文献
14.
Flow paths of water and sediment in a tidal marsh: Relations with marsh developmental stage and tidal inundation height 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study provides new insights in the relative role of tidal creeks and the marsh edge in supplying water and sediments to and from tidal marshes for a wide range of tidal inundation cycles with different high water levels and for marsh zones of different developmental stage. Net import or export of water and its constituents (sediments, nutrients, pollutants) to or from tidal marshes has been traditionally estimated based on discharge measurements through a tidal creek. Complementary to this traditional calculation of water and sediment balances based on creek fluxes, we present novel methods to calculate water balances based on digital elevation modeling and sediment balances based on spatial modeling of surface sedimentation measurements. In contrast with spatial interpolation, the presented approach of spatial modeling accounts for the spatial scales at which sedimentation rates vary within tidal marshes. This study shows that for an old, high marsh platform, dissected by a well-developed creek network with adjoining levees and basins, flow paths are different for tidal inundation cycles with different high water levels: during shallow inundation cycles (high water level <0.2 m above the creek banks) almost all water is supplied via the creek system, while during higher inundation cycles (high water level >0.2 m) the percentage of water directly supplied via the marsh edge increases with increasing high water level. This flow pattern is in accordance with the observed decrease in sedimentation rates with increasing distance from creeks and from the marsh edge. On a young, low marsh, characterized by a gently seaward sloping topography, material exchange does not take place predominantly via creeks but the marsh is progressively flooded starting from the marsh edge. As a consequence, the spatial sedimentation pattern is most related to elevation differences and distance from the marsh edge. Our results imply that the traditional measurement of tidal creek fluxes may lead in many cases to incorrect estimations of net sediment or nutrient budgets. 相似文献
15.
16.
三峡工程大江截流水力要素变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据三峡工程大江截流期间收集到的截流河段,导流明渠、二期上下围堰口门区的水位,流速,流量,河床地形,水面流态等监测资料,分析研究了截流河段（尤其是动态的龙口）水力要素的变化规律及其相互关系。分析表明,龙口纵,横断面的流速分布受戗堤进占与平抛垫底施工和上游来水来沙的综合影响。围堰渗流量的监测对分析明渠分流比,石渣戗堤稳定研究起到了补充作用。 相似文献
17.
珠江三角洲水系属于典型的潮汐河网,水流同时受到地表径流及沿海潮位的双重影响。自20世纪80年代以来,该水系大规模的人工挖沙导致了水文条件、河床演变自然进程的较大变化。根据潮汐河网的水力特性,建立了用于模拟水位、流量时空变化的一维河网水动力数学模型,并根据由灰色模型预测的因挖沙引起的未来年份的河床演变情况,分别预测分析了不同水平年在丰水期、枯水期两种代表水情下的水系水位、流量变化情况。并对由此可能产生的对环境的影响进行了初步分析。 相似文献
18.
Little is known about the century‐scale response of water levels in inland estuaries to sea‐level change and human modifications to estuarine morphology. This study explored the ability of using testate amoebae (Protozoa, Rhizopoda) from sediments of a freshwater tidal marsh as indicators of water level in an inland estuary. The hypothesis was that modern testate amoeba assemblages change with surface elevation (approximately the duration of tidal flooding) within a freshwater tidal marsh. Variation in testate amoeba assemblages in relation to multiple environmental variables and sediment characteristics was studied through redundancy analysis. This demonstrated that a significant part of the variation in modern testate amoeba assemblages could be explained by flooding frequency, surface elevation, organic content and particle size of the soil. Transfer functions, partial least squares and weighted average regressions were made to show that testate amoebae can be used for reconstruction of water level (with an accuracy of 0.05 Normalized Elevation). A preliminary test of application of the transfer function to palaeo testate amoeba assemblages showed promising results. Testate amoebae from a freshwater tidal marsh provide a potentially powerful new tool for estuarine water‐level reconstructions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
D. Meire L. De Doncker F. Declercq K. Buis P. Troch R. Verhoeven 《Natural Hazards》2010,55(1):111-121
The (re)integration of flood storage areas in the river system is considered and proved as an effective flood protection measure.
By their (controlled) filling and emptying, inundation risks for downstream areas with higher vulnerability can be reduced.
They have an influence not only on the flood level, but also on the residence time of the water in the river ecosystem, which
is an important biological parameter. A good prediction of storage flow is therefore necessary in an integrated ecosystem
model. In such a model, which is being developed by the universities of Ghent and Antwerp, hydraulic, biological and biogeochemical
processes are coupled. In this paper, a one-dimensional hydrodynamic module of the integrated STRIVE (STReam RIVer Ecosystem)
model, which is based on the de Saint–Venant equations and solved by the Preissmann scheme, is adapted to be able to include
flow exchange with storage cells. This model is validated with experimental laboratory measurements on a small scale. The
flow between the storage cells and the river is controlled by weirs (flooded river banks). Model simulations with STRIVE are
also compared with HEC-RAS simulations. Good agreement between simulations of both models and between the STRIVE simulations
and the measurements is found. 相似文献