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1920年8.5级地震诱发了大量的黄土滑坡,对研究黄土地区的滑坡灾害、土层地脉动特征分析具有重要意义。基于高精度电子扫描显微镜（SEM）分析发现海原地震现场表层黄土为架空孔隙弱胶结微观结构,且该黄土是以粉粒为主的低黏性粉土,有震陷和地震滑坡的高风险。基于地脉动测试得到滑坡场地15个地脉动数据,采用傅里叶变换法对苏堡村滑坡土层的脉动特征进行分析,获得地脉动频谱特征曲线。研究表明场地卓越周期建议值为0.126 s,将其划分为坚硬场地,可为该滑坡场地类别划分作为参考,同时发现滑坡体与未滑体的地脉动特征有较大差异,可为海原地震滑坡的脉动特性分析提供依据。 相似文献
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黄土地震古/老滑坡原始地形恢复是开展黄土地震古/老滑坡研究的基础。以宁夏回族自治区固原市西吉县平峰乡三合村潘沟组1号滑坡为例,利用卫星遥感解译和野外调查等技术和方法采集滑坡现今地形资料数据;并基于滑坡滑动前后滑坡体体积相等的原则,以MATLAB软件为平台,利用三维曲面插值技术恢复滑坡的原始地形,恢复后的滑坡原始地形斜坡坡面形态整体呈外凸型,坡度分布范围在12°～15°间;最后,利用黄土地貌单元的坡度分布范围和滑坡稳定性计算论证恢复结果的合理性和可行性。文章研究成果可为缺乏滑动前地形资料的黄土地震古/老滑坡原始地形的恢复提供新方法,对黄土地震古/老滑坡的研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。 相似文献
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不同地区地震活动的强度和频率是不同的.基于地震危险性分析的地震滑坡危险研究在综合了地震烈度、位置、复发时间等因素的基础上,考虑了地震动峰值加速度时空分布的特点,可以有效地应用于潜在地震滑坡危险区区划.以汶川地震灾区为研究对象,根据研究区的地质构造、地震活动特点等划分出灾区的潜在震源区,对该区进行地震危险性分析,并在此基础上采用综合指标法做出基于地震危险性分析的地震滑坡危险性区划.所得地震滑坡危险性区划按照滑坡危险程度分为高危险、较高危险、较低危险和低危险四级,表示未来一段时间内研究区在遭受一定超越概率水平的地震动作用下,不同地区地震滑坡发生的可能程度. 本文给出的地震滑坡危险性区划结果中,汶川地震滑坡崩塌较发育的汶川、北川、茂县等部分区域均处于高危险或较高危险区域;在对具有较高DEM精度的北川擂鼓镇地区所作的地震滑坡危险性区划中,汶川地震中实际发生的地震滑坡灾害与地震滑坡危险区划结果表现出较好的一致性.对区域范围而言,基于地震危险性分析的地震滑坡区划,可为初期阶段的土地规划使用及重大工程选址提供参考. 相似文献
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在对天水市水眼寨滑坡进行地质勘察和现场调查的基础上,结合区域环境研究滑坡的主要特征,分析地形条件、地层岩性、地质构造、地震、降水和人类活动对滑坡的影响,并利用GeoStudio计算软件,运用多种稳定性评价方法对滑坡静力和不同地震强度作用下的动力稳定性进行计算分析。结果表明,水眼寨滑坡属于黄土—泥岩滑坡,经过多期滑动,滑坡物质和滑坡体具有显著地平面分区性和剖面分层性,地层岩性和地质构造运动是其形成的主要内因,降水和地震是影响其稳定性重要外因。滑坡目前处于稳定状态,但未来环境变化会导致该滑坡稳定性降低,在Ⅶ度地震作用影响下该滑坡处于极限平衡状态,在Ⅶ度强以上地震作用影响下（＞0.15 g）,该滑坡稳定性大为降低,存在复活的可能性。 相似文献
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基于航空工业组团阎良片区地震小区划项目中大量动三轴试验结果,通过双曲线拟合方法,得到主要土类（黄土状土、粉质粘土、粉土、细砂）在8个典型剪应变（0.000005、0.00001、0.00005、0.0001、0.0005、0.001、0.005、0.01）下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比统计值,并将得到的统计值与廖振鹏给出的建议值、陈党民等给出的典型值和袁晓铭等给出的推荐值进行比较,进一步论证土动力学参数的地域性特征。文中还探讨了土样埋深和取样手段（试样等级）对动剪切模量比和阻尼比的影响。文中给出的统计值可为该片区地震小区划中的土层地震反应模型提供参数,同时也为研究该片区场地土动力特性及重大工程地震安全性评价工作提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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《地震地磁观测与研究》2016,(5)
采用人工浅层地震勘探方法对临汾盆地进行小区划研究,结果初步推断出12条断层,并把初判断层结果展布在平面图上,为临汾盆地的地震构造及浅层活断层发育情况的定性和定量评价提供基础数据。 相似文献
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盘锦、海城、营口地区是辽宁省内地震活动性最强、地震危险性最高的地区。该地区开展了大量重点工程地震安全性评价、区域性地震区划和地震小区划工作，但尚未开展基于场地条件的区域尺度地震危险性研究。独有的沉积特点使该地区场地条件较复杂，因此在地震危险性概率分析中考虑场地条件是必要的。本文基于新一代中国地震动参数区划图基本原理和技术原则，结合盘锦、海城、营口地区场地条件特征，采用基于地形坡度的方法对场地条件进行分类，确定场地地震动影响系数，给出该地区基于区域场地条件的地震危险性分布，相关研究结果可为地震风险评估和防震减灾规划提供参考。 相似文献
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地震滑坡是最常见的地震次生地质灾害之一,不仅带来环境恶化,通常还造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,因此备受关注。为了解地震滑坡研究发展趋势,凝练地震滑坡定量评估科学问题,文章对区域地震滑坡定量评估起源、发展现状、存在的问题及未来发展进行了系统总结。研究结果表明：(1)区域地震滑坡灾害定量评估研究兴起于20世纪80年代,经过50多年学者的不懈努力,取得了丰硕的成果。区域地震滑坡灾害定量评估研究面临着新的社会需求。(2)地震滑坡是地震动力、地质特征和地貌条件等多因素耦合作用的结果,地震滑坡现象只有考虑成因机理与动力过程方可解释,地震滑坡成因机理研究主要集中于强震条件下斜坡的动力响应规律分析。(3)地震滑坡发育特征、成因机理以及数据库建设等基础研究推动了地震滑坡灾害风险定量评估研究。区域地震滑坡灾害风险定量评估包括地震滑坡危险性定量评估、地震滑坡易损性定量评估、地震滑坡危害性定量评估等内容。(4)在区域地震滑坡灾害定量评估方面,还需要进一步探索区域地震滑坡灾害形成的系统性和时空分布规律性、改进和完善区域地震滑坡灾害风险定量评估方法、开拓区域地震滑坡灾害防治战略规划。 相似文献
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利用GIS技术详细研究汶川地震在甘肃省陇南市武都区和文县触发的滑坡地质灾害的分布规律及其与地震烈度、地形坡度、断层、高程、地层岩性的相关关系,采用基于GIS的加权信息量模型的崩塌滑坡危险性评价方法,对研究区的地震滑坡危险性进行学科分析。结果表明：极高危险区在高程上主要分布在集水高程区,高度危险区主要沿白水江、白龙江等主干河流两侧极高易发区的边界向两侧扩展,轻度和极轻度危险区面积占比较小,主要分布在低烈度、活动断裂不发育、人类活动微弱的高海拔地区,另外国道G215沿极高危险性区域分布明显;利用危险性等级分区结果统计人口公里格网数据,得到武都区和文县潜在影响人口,发现研究区约78万人将受到地震滑坡灾害的潜在影响。 相似文献
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WEN Boyu XU Chong HE Xiangli MA Siyuan SHAO Xiaoyi LI Kai ZHANG Zhongjian LI Zhengfang 《中国地震研究》2020,34(1):64-80
An MW6.6 earthquake occurred in eastern Hokkaido, Japan on September 6th, 2018. Based on the pre-earthquake image from Google Earth and the post-earthquake image from high resolution (3 m) planet satellite, we manually interpret 9 293 coseismic landslides and select 7 influencing factors of seismic landslide, such as elevation, slope, slope direction, road distance, flow distance, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and lithology. Then, 9 293 landslide points are randomly divided into training samples and validation samples with a proportion of 7:3. In detail, the training sample has 6 505 landslide points and the validation sample has 2 788 landslide points. The hazard risk assessment of seismic landslide is conducted by using the information value method and the study area is further divided into five risk grades, including very low risk area, low risk area, moderate risk area high risk area and very high risk area. The results show that there are 7 576 landslides in high risk area and very high risk area, accounting for 81.52% of the total landslide number, and the landslide area is 22.93 km2, accounting for 74.35% of the total area. The hazard zoning is in high accordance with the actual situation. The evaluation results are tested by using the curve of cumulative percentage of hazardous area and cumulative percentage of landslides number. The results show that the success rate of the information value method is 78.50% and the prediction rate is 78.43%. The evaluation results are satisfactory, indicating that the hazard risk assessment results based on information value method may provide scientific reference for landslide hazard risk assessment as well as the disaster prevention and mitigation in the study area. 相似文献
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地震滑坡危险性评估可为震后应急响应等提供科学的决策依据。纽马克位移法可不依赖同震滑坡编目快速评估同震滑坡危险性。工程岩体物理力学参数是该方法的核心参数之一,但其赋值过于单一,难以反映复杂地质背景下岩体强度的空间差异性。针对上述问题,本文在分析地震滑坡影响因子的基础上,选择距断层距离、高程和距水系距离作为影响岩体强度的评价指标并建立岩体强度评价模型,获得区域岩体强度修正系数,进而修正传统方法的临界加速度。结合震后的即时地震动峰值加速度,采用简化纽马克位移法计算边坡累积位移,开展地震滑坡危险性快速评估,并以汶川MW7.9地震的地震滑坡危险性评估为例验证本文方法。结果表明,相对于传统方法,本文方法划分的地震滑坡危险区与同震滑坡分布更加一致。 相似文献
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本文以天水地区为研究区,结合地震潜在震源区模型和Newmark位移预测方程,采用概率地震危险性分析方法,计算了该地区50年超越概率10%水平下的Newmark位移。同时,根据天水地区50年超越概率10%下的阿里亚斯烈度,并结合Newmark位移与阿里亚斯烈度的关系式,计算了天水地区在遭受50年超越概率10%下的阿里亚斯烈度影响时,潜在滑坡体产生的Newmark位移分布。通过比较上述两种方法得到的天水地区不同Newmark位移的分布特征,本文认为二者虽然存在较大差异,但其空间分布特征均能反映天水地区每个场点处的相对滑坡危险性。对滑坡危险性水平进行分区的结果显示,天水地区60%以上的区域具有高地震滑坡危险性,50%以上的区域具有甚高地震滑坡危险性。本文的研究结果可以作为天水地区地震危险性及风险评估的参考资料,也可以作为天水地区城市规划、土地使用规划、地震应急准备以及其它公共政策制定的参考资料。 相似文献
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Dynamic mechanisms of earthquake-triggered landslides 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Earthquake-triggered landslides usually cause great disasters,and yet their dynamic mechanisms remain poorly understood.This paper will derive a general conceptual landslide model from the geometric and kinematic features of the most landslide masses triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Kinematic characteristics and dynamic processes are simulated here by means of finite element method(FEM)based on the dynamic process of the discontinuous deformable body.The calculated results presented the whole course of landslide motion,and displayed some typical kinematic characteristics such as initiation,sliding,ejection,collision,flying in the air,and climbing of landslides.The simulation result also shows that,under combined seismic inertial forces and gravity,landslides will start to slip once it overcomes the friction between the sliding mass and slip-bed,then it will move from slow to fast along the slippery bed until it ejects from the slip-bed.Moreover,the high frequencies and serious damages by landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake are caused by the strong ground motion on the mountain slopes in and around the epicenter that was dramatically amplified owing to both resonances produced by the seismic event and topographical amplification by seismic motion.In addition,the modeling results suggest that the direction,amplitude,frequency,and duration of strong ground motion have a great influence on the stability of landslide mass.Therefore,the study helps us better understand dynamic mechanism of landslides,seismic hazard assessment,and dynamic earthquake triggering. 相似文献
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In this paper we recall a method for medium scale (level-2) zoning of seismic-induced landslide susceptibility and present its application to the Sannio–Irpinia area, Southern Italy. Previous small scale studies of the entire Campania Region identified this area as one of the most susceptible to earthquake-induced landslides in the region. The area’s intense seismic and landslide activity and the characteristics of the deposits involved in landslides make this analysis an interesting case study for land planning, management and protection of an area characterized by high seismic and hydrogeological hazard. The result of the zoning shows good agreement between the distribution of the historical earthquake-triggered landslides and the areas defined by the method as the most susceptible ones. They also highlight the method’s effectiveness in the presence of complex clayey deposits. 相似文献
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STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF EARTHQUAKE- TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES BASED ON SEISMIC LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY THE MS6.5 LUDIAN EARTHQUAKE IN 2014 
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下载免费PDF全文 On August 3, 2014, an MW6.5 earthquake occurred in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, which triggered significant landslides and caused serious ground damages and casualties. Compared with the existing events of earthquake-triggered landslides, the spatial distribution of co-seismic landslides during the Ludian earthquake showed a special pattern. The relationship between the co-seismic landslides and the epicenter or the known faults is not obvious, and the maximum landslide density doesn't appear in the area near the epicenter. Peak ground acceleration (PGA), which usually is used to judge the limit boundary of co-seismic landslide distribution, cannot explain this distribution pattern. Instead of correlating geological and topographic factors with the co-seismic landslide distribution pattern, this study focuses on analyzing the influence of seismic landslide susceptibility on the co-seismic distribution. Seismic landslide susceptibility comes from a calculation of critical acceleration values using a simplified Newmark block model analysis and represents slope stability under seismic loading. Both DEM (SRTM 90m)and geological map (1 ︰ 200￣￣000)are used as inputs to calculate critical acceleration values. Results show that the most susceptible slopes with the smallest critical accelerations are generally concentrated along the banks of rivers. The stable slopes, which have the larger critical accelerations and are comparably stable, are in the places adjacent to the epicenter. Comparison of the distribution of slope stability and the real landslides triggered by the 2014 MW6.1 Ludian earthquake shows a good spatial correlation, meaning seismic landslide susceptibility controls the co-seismic landslide distributions to a certain degree. Moreover, our study provides a plausible explanation on the special distribution pattern of Ludian earthquake triggered landslides. Also the paper discusses the advantages of using the seismic landslide susceptibility as a basic map, which will offer an additional tool that can be used to assist in post-disaster response activities as well as seismic landslides hazards zonation. 相似文献
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地震滑坡灾害的震前预测与震后快速评估已成为减轻地震次生灾害的重要手段之一。本文使用简化Newmark模型,设定地震震级(MS5.0),利用区域地质图、数字高程模型等基础数据,考虑地形对地震动的放大效应,对文泰震区潜在同震滑坡区域开展评估工作。研究表明,干燥与饱和状态下,设定地震作用下研究区内地震滑坡高危险区均主要分布在距设定震中15km以内的范围内,其分布与区内岩土体处于临界稳定状态的分布趋势相同。区内水库坝址与水库库体未受到潜在同震滑坡的影响,划定的重点关注区内位于潜在滑坡体下方的千秋门村、驮加村、高西村、杜山村、南峤村、包坑村、龙前村、新厂村以及各级公路易受到同震滑坡的影响,应提升重点关注区内承灾体的风险防范能力,尽可能减少潜在同震滑坡对区内生命财产安全造成的威胁。 相似文献