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煤层自燃灾害研究现状与防治对策 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
煤层自燃的研究分三个层面运用遥感技术调查区域性煤层自燃的分布和危害;运用煤岩学和地球化学等方法研究煤层自燃的临界值和气体释放规律;研制火灾样检测传感元件进行火灾的预测预报、抑制起火的最佳通风和建立控风、防灭火专家系统,进行煤矿火灾的综合防治.本文在阐述煤层自燃三个方面研究现状和进展的同时,着重回顾和论述了煤岩学和地球化学研究对煤层自燃灾害研究的若干问题,提出了煤层火灾综合防治的对策. 相似文献
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近日,由中国中煤能源集团有限公司总经理中国工程院院士王安等人组成的专家组,对山西省煤炭地质局承担的煤层自燃地质勘查与治理方法研究项目进行了评审并验收通过。煤层自燃是在煤田边缘的浅煤区部分地段和部分矿井中出现的煤层自发燃烧的现象。目前在山西省大同煤田大同侏罗纪矿区、宁武煤田、西山煤电西山矿区以及沁水煤田等二叠纪开采的煤层中,均有不同程度的煤层自燃发生。 相似文献
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晋城市城区西上庄乡张岭村地下煤层自燃发生后,对周围矿井的安全生产、地表建筑物的正常使用、农作物的生长、村民的生产生活等形成了严重的威胁。本文介绍了地下煤层自燃火场的地质环境和分布状况,论述了自燃火场的勘测、火场范围的圈定、火场灭火的施工方法以及灭火效果的评价。提出了在煤炭开采中注重统一管理,合理规划,杜绝私挖滥采,防止由此而产生的资源浪费和地质灾害。 相似文献
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煤炭自燃高温点的检测与判定是矿井火灾防治的基础工作,也是矿井防灭火方案制定的前提。利用红外热像仪测试煤巷壁面煤体温度场分布,排查全断面高温点,找出近巷煤体高温点;依据巷道壁面与巷道风流的温度差,确定煤巷高温区域。探测显示,煤巷高温区域主要集中在断层带附近,由此可知巷道煤体破碎、漏风是导致煤炭自热的主要原因。在此基础上制定了向高温区域打钻压注MEA (一种商业高分子材料)封堵剂的治理措施,使得高温区域钻孔内CO浓度从100~160 ppm (0.004 5~0.007 1 mol/m3)降至10 ppm (0.000 45 mol/m3),有效地降低了煤巷温度,为矿井防灭火提供了依据。 相似文献
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宁东鸳鸯湖矿区地处西北干旱地区,但其红柳煤矿1121综采工作面在初采期却经历了4次较大规模的突(涌)水,最大突水量达3 000m3/h,工作面被迫两次停产.通过对采场水文地质条件及覆岩离层分布规律的深入分析研究,可以认定该工作面的周期性突水为煤层开采后顶板砂岩中聚集的离层水所致.在此基础上,总结了开采过程中对煤层顶板砂岩含水层离层水进行有效疏放的方法与成功经验.该研究对宁东鸳鸯湖矿区及其他开采侏罗系煤层矿井的防治水工作具有同等重要意义. 相似文献
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雅店煤矿位于彬长矿区北部,地质构造简单,主要可采煤层为延安组的4#煤层。通过对矿井水文地质条件的分析研究,认为对矿井安全生产有影响的含水层主要为富水性中等且水头压力较高的洛河组含水层,导水通道主要为煤层开采形成的导水裂隙带。提出了矿井井筒施工和煤层开采过程中,在防治水工作中应借鉴临近矿井的经验,加强首采工作面煤层采动前、后含水层变化规律及导水裂隙带发育规律的研究,采用超前探水、疏水降压、合理留设防水煤岩柱等防治水建议。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地呼吉尔特矿区属于“水压高、水量大、富水性不均一”的深埋侏罗纪煤田区,各矿井面临较严重的水害防治压力,为了弄清该地区矿井涌水特征及其沉积控制条件,开展了沉积相与顶板钻孔出水层位、钻孔涌水量、工作面涌水量等方面的相关性研究,结果表明:呼吉尔特矿区导水裂缝带范围内,主要发育曲流河沉积相的延安组真武洞砂岩段和直罗组七里镇砂岩段,岩性为细粒-中粗粒砂岩。直罗组早期发育了一套河流相沉积,对延安组顶部的强烈冲刷侵蚀,导致矿区中部的门克庆、母杜柴登井田范围内2-1煤层缺失,并形成了较厚的七里镇砂岩段;矿区两侧的2-1煤层较完整,其上覆七里镇砂岩较薄。七里镇砂岩含水层是工作面回采过程中的最主要充水含水层,各矿井的工作面顶板疏放水钻孔涌水量差异显著,古河床冲刷带中部的矿井钻孔涌水量普遍大于古河床冲刷带两侧,与顶板地质沉积相有较好的对应关系。煤层顶板地质条件（沉积相）的差异性,控制了各矿井工作面回采过程中涌水量大小;直罗组古河流冲刷带两侧广泛发育的富水条带,则影响工作面涌水量的变化规律。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献