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1.
Metre‐scale cycles are a common feature in Precambrian and Phanerozoic shallow water carbonate successions, and astronomically forced changes in sea‐level (Milankovitch cycles) may have been an important driver controlling their deposition. Nevertheless, the degree to which potentially low amplitude astronomically paced sea‐level oscillations may have controlled carbonate accumulation in deep time is unclear. In this study, a stochastic model of carbonate accumulation demonstrates how metre‐scale exposure‐bound sequences can be generated under conditions of random sea‐level change. These sequences have characteristic durations close to Milankovitch cycles, despite the absence of any astronomical control on their formation. Metre‐scale sequences with sub‐Milankovitch (millennial‐scale) durations can also be generated by the model, potentially shedding light on the origin of sub‐Milankovitch sequences such as those recorded on the Middle Triassic Latemar platform of Northern Italy. Sensitivity tests demonstrate how shallow water carbonates may be very sensitive to weak (i.e. low amplitude) astronomically forced sea‐level oscillations. Notably, strong statistical evidence (P < 0·01) for astronomical cycles can be preserved in modelled successions even when astronomical forcing contributes <1% of the sea‐level variance on million year timescales. Taken together, metre‐scale cycles with Milankovitch‐scale durations in ancient carbonate successions may reveal very little about the amplitude, or even the existence, of astronomical forcing as a sea‐level driver. 相似文献
2.
High-frequency cyclicity (Milankovitch and millennial-scale) in slope-apron carbonates: Zechstein (Upper Permian), North-east England 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Upper Permian (Zechstein) slope carbonates in the Roker Formation (Zechstein 2nd‐cycle Carbonate) in North‐east England consist of turbidites interbedded with laminated lime‐mudstone. Studies of turbidite bed thickness and relative proportion of turbidites (percentage turbidites in 20 cm of section) reveal well‐developed cyclicities consisting of thinning‐upward and thickening‐upward packages of turbidite beds. These packages are on four scales, from less than a metre, up to 50 m in thickness. Assuming that the laminae of the hemipelagic background sediment are annual allows the durations of the cycles to be estimated. In addition, counting the number and thickness of turbidite beds in 20 cm of laminated lime‐mudstone, which is approximately equivalent to 1000 years (each lamina is 200 μm), gives the frequencies of the turbidite beds, the average thicknesses and the overall sedimentation rates through the succession for 1000 year time‐slots. Figures obtained are comparable with modern rates of deposition on carbonate slopes. The cyclicity present in the Roker Formation can be shown to include: Milankovitch‐band ca 100 kyr short‐eccentricity, ca 20 kyr precession and ca 10 kyr semi‐precession cycles and sub‐Milankovitch millennial‐scale cycles (0·7 to 4·3 kyr). Eccentricity and precession‐scale cycles are related to ‘highstand‐shedding’ and relative sea‐level change caused by Milankovitch‐band orbital forcing controlling carbonate productivity. The millennial‐scale cycles, which are quasi‐periodic, probably are produced by environmental changes controlled by solar forcing, i.e. variations in solar irradiance, or volcanic activity. Most probable here are fluctuations in carbonate productivity related to aridity–humidity and/or temperature changes. Precession and millennial‐scale cycles are defined most strongly in early transgressive and highstand parts of the larger‐scale short‐eccentricity cycles. The duration of the Roker Formation as a whole can be estimated from the thickness of the laminated lithotype as ca 0·3 Myr. 相似文献
3.
The Darlington (Sakmarian) and Berriedale (Artinskian) Limestones are neritic deposits that accumulated in high‐latitude environments along the south‐eastern margin of Pangea in what is now Tasmania. These rocks underwent a series of diagenetic processes that began in the marine palaeoenvironment, continued during rapid burial and were profoundly modified by alteration associated with the intrusion of Mesozoic igneous rocks. Marine diagenesis was important but contradictory; although dissolution took place, there was also coeval precipitation of fibrous calcite cement, phosphate and glauconite, as well as calcitization of aragonite shells. These processes are interpreted as having been promoted by mixing of shelf and upwelling deep ocean waters and enabled by microbial degradation of organic matter. In contrast to warm‐water carbonates where meteoric diagenesis is important, the Darlington and Berriedale Limestones were largely unaffected by meteoric diagenesis. Only minor dissolution and local cementation took place in this diagenetic environment, although mechanical compaction was ubiquitous. Correlation with burial history curves indicates that chemical compaction became important as burial depths exceeded 150 m, promoting precipitation of extensive ferroan calcite. This effect resulted from burial by rapidly deposited, overlying, thick, late Permian and Triassic terrestrial sediments. This diagenetic pathway was, however, complicated by the subsequent intrusion of massive Mesozoic diabases and associated silicifying diagenetic fluids. Finally, fractures most probably connected with Cretaceous uplift were filled with late‐stage non‐ferroan calcite cement. This study suggests that both carbonate dissolution and precipitation occur in high‐latitude marine palaeoenvironments and, therefore, the cold‐water diagenetic realm is not always destructive in terms of diagenesis. Furthermore, it appears that for the early Permian of southern Pangea at least, there was no real difference in the diagenetic pathways taken by cool‐water and cold‐water carbonates. 相似文献
4.
川中地区上三叠统须家河组成岩层序地层学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
充分利用薄片分析以及X-衍射等资料,结合元素俘获(ECS)测井解释所获得的岩石矿物组合特征,从层序界面对成岩特征的控制以及不同基准面旋回内的成岩作用发育规律两个方面分别对川中须家河组层序地层格架内的成岩作用特征进行探讨。结果表明,须家河组可划分为2个超长期和5个长期基准面旋回层序。须二段、须四段底部的层序界面之下碳酸盐胶结物含量普遍增加,而界面之上的砂体普遍见溶蚀现象,储层物性相对变好。须四段基准面上升半旋回时期形成的沉积物颗粒粒度较粗、泥质含量低、砂体厚度大、连通性好,在成岩过程中原生孔隙容易得到保存,再加上受到层序界面所控制的有机酸性水溶蚀作用的影响,有利于次生孔隙的产生。而基准面下降期,砂体的连通性变差、泥质夹层增多,在成岩过程中原生孔隙不易保留同时也不利于次生溶蚀孔隙的产生,因而物性最差。须二段总体也具此规律,但由于其埋藏更深,经历成岩作用更为复杂,因此并不如须四段明显。研究成果可为研究区优质储层追踪对比及预测提供依据,同时也能为成岩层序地层学的研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
5.
米兰柯维奇韵律层及其年代地层意义 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：22
本文简要介绍了米兰柯维奇轨道三要素（岁差、黄赤交角及偏心率）及其变化周期，并对因轨道要素的变化引起的韵律沉积层的研究现状进行了综述，由于气候变化的全球性以及轨道参数的相对稳定性，本文认为，米兰柯维奇韵律层可以作为盆际，盆内地层对比的重要辅助手段，并可用来测定地层单元的延续时间，实际应用结果表明，其精度要高于现行的生物地层学对比及同位素测龄法。 相似文献
6.
R. R. Gabdullin 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2007,62(5):306-317
The paper discusses integrated sequence-cyclostratigraphic analysis of Upper Cretaceous sediments based on 9 sections in the Russian Plate (the Voronezh Anteclise and the Ulyanovsk-Saratov Basin). Tracts (transgressive and highstand) were for the first time recognized in sections of this region and compared with member-by-member subdivision, bed rhythmites, and Milankovitch cycles indicating their orders. Certain rhythmites and the Milankovitch cycles, which produced them, were tied to the Cyclostratigraphic Scale of the Upper Cretaceous sediments. Data on paleogeographic sedimentation environments, such as sedimentation depth, temperature, sedimentation rate, etc. and paleocoenoses are presented and paleogeographic models of rhythmic structure formation were reconstructed. 相似文献
7.
8.
综合利用铸体薄片、X射线衍射、阴极发光、扫描电镜、物性分析及镜质体反射率和包裹体温度等资料,结合岩心观察法,对Bongor盆地下白垩统碎屑岩储层基本特征及成岩作用进行了研究。依据胶结物的体积分数及形态、黏土矿物组分的分布、岩石结构镜下特征及孔隙演化、有机质热演化等证据划分了岩石成岩阶段,并分析了成岩作用对物性的影响。结果显示：该区储层岩石类型以长石砂岩为主,胶结物以碳酸盐和黏土矿物为主;溶孔-粒间孔组合型储集性最好,粒间孔-溶孔组合型次之;成岩作用是控制储层物性的主要因素,成岩作用主要包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用;压实作用和胶结作用是破坏性成岩作用,二者分别使原始孔隙度损失54.93%和31.30%,岩石颗粒中长石、碳酸盐胶结物等易溶物质发育,溶蚀作用是主要建设性成岩作用;目的层成岩阶段以中成岩A期为主,成岩作用弱-中等。 相似文献
9.
Cyclostratigraphy and high-frequency carbon isotope fluctuations in Upper Cretaceous shallow-water carbonates, southern Italy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Francesco P. Buonocunto Mario Sprovieri† Adriana Bellanca† Bruno D'Argenio‡ Vittoria Ferreri‡ Rodolfo Neri† Gaetano Ferruzza† 《Sedimentology》2002,49(6):1321-1337
Abstract A detailed carbon isotope study has been carried out on a Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) carbonate platform succession that crops out at Monte Sant'Erasmo (southern Italy). Previous centimetre‐scale studies on this succession have shown that high‐frequency eustatic changes, resulting from the Earth's orbital fluctuations, controlled the hierarchical organization of the depositional and early diagenetic features in elementary cycles, bundles (groups of three to five elementary cycles) and superbundles (groups of three or four bundles). The elementary cycles, which correspond to single beds, suggest a control caused by Earth's precession; the bundles and superbundles record the short (≈ 100 kyr) and long (≈ 400 kyr) eccentricity periodicity respectively. The δ13C signal of the Monte Sant'Erasmo succession is cyclic in nature and may be considered to be a reliable proxy for the sedimentary evolution (and related sea‐level history) of the analysed sequence. The carbon isotope cyclicity is recorded at bundle and superbundle level, but it is not evident at the scale of the elementary cycles, at least with the sampling interval used in this study. Spectral analysis of the δ13C record shows two main peaks corresponding to the short‐ and long‐eccentricity periodicity, whereas the precession signal is not evident in the power spectrum. In addition, lithofacies analysis shows that, in each bundle (and superbundle), higher C isotope values occur in sediments characterized by marine cements, whereas lower values are normally found in more restricted deposits overprinted by early meteoric diagenesis. Early diagenesis, driven by periodic sea‐level fluctuations, developed in either shallow‐subtidal (marine diagenesis) or subaerial‐exposed (meteoric overprint) sedimentary environments and directly influenced the carbon isotope signature. As a consequence, the δ13C record at Monte Sant'Erasmo reflects high‐frequency climatic oscillations controlling both environmental and early diagenetic changes. The long‐term isotopic record is similar to that of contemporaneous pelagic sections in England and elsewhere in Italy. It is concluded that the δ13C signature of shallow‐water carbonates, such as those of Monte Sant'Erasmo, offers great potential for correlation with coeval sections, including those of the pelagic realm. 相似文献
10.
中太平洋铁锰结壳灰度序列中米兰柯维奇周期的识别及结壳生长速率的演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用数字图像处理方法提取中太平洋海山铁锰结壳（CB14）生长剖面的灰度序列,运用功率谱分析方法揭示出结壳由表及里5个亚层中分别存在多级序的显著周期,它们均能够分别与地球轨道周期（偏心率周期、黄赤交角周期和岁差周期）的级序很好匹配,根据匹配结果获得CB14第1至第5亚层的生长速率分别为2.15、2.70、2.43、2.75、2.67 mm/Ma,各亚层的界面年龄分别为1.3、2.5、5.9、6.7、7.5 Ma。表明晚中新世以来,结壳的生长速率呈现波动变化,最近1.3 Ma以来,结壳的生长速率明显减慢。认为通过识别结壳灰度序列中存在的米兰柯维奇周期可以有效获得结壳各生长阶段的高分辨率生长速率,可以为研究中新世以来古海洋环境的演化提供重要信息。 相似文献
11.
Simone Fontana Fadi Henri Nader Sadoon Morad Andrea Ceriani Ihsan Shakir Al‐Aasm Jean‐Marc Daniel Jean‐Marie Mengus 《Sedimentology》2014,61(3):660-690
An integrated approach consisting of fracture analysis, petrography, carbon, oxygen and strontium‐isotope analyses, as well as fluid‐inclusion micro‐thermometry, led to a better understanding of the evolution of fluid–rock interactions and diagenesis of the Upper Permian to Upper Triassic carbonates of the United Arab Emirates. The deposited carbonates were first marked by extensive early dolomitization. During progressive burial, the carbonates were affected by dolomite recrystallization as well as precipitation of vug and fracture‐filling dolomite, quartz and calcite cements. After considerable burial during the Middle Cretaceous, sub‐vertical north–south oriented fractures (F1) were cemented by dolomite derived from mesosaline to hypersaline fluids. Upon the Late Cretaceous maximum burial and ophiolite obduction, sub‐vertical east–west fractures (F2) were cemented by dolomite (Dc2) and saddle dolomite (Ds) derived from hot, highly saline fluids. Then, minor quartz cement has precipitated in fractures from hydrothermal brines. Fluid‐inclusion analyses of the various diagenetic phases imply the involvement of increasingly hot (200°C) saline brines (20 to 23% NaCl eq.). Through one‐dimensional burial history numerical modelling, the maximum temperatures reached by the studied rocks are estimated to be in the range of 160 to 200°C. Tectonically‐driven flux of hot fluids and associated diagenetic products are interpreted to have initiated during the Late Cretaceous maximum burial and lasted until the Oligocene–Miocene compressional tectonics and related uplift. The circulation of such hydrothermal brines led to partial dissolution of dolomites (Dc2 and Ds) and to precipitation of hydrothermal calcite C1 in new (mainly oriented north–south; F3) and pre‐existing, reactivated fractures. The integration of the obtained data confirms that the diagenetic evolution was controlled primarily by the interplay of the burial thermal evolution of the basin and the regional tectonic history. Hence, this contribution highlights the impacts of regional tectonics and basin history on diagenetic processes, which may subsequently affect reservoir properties. 相似文献
12.
矿物包裹体在沉积学中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿物包裹体是在沉积成岩成矿过程中被捕获的原始沉积成岩成矿流体介质,对包裹体的研究不但可以提供诸多物理化学条件(温度、压力、含盐度、逸散度、pH值、Eh值、密度、体积等)的重要信息,而且有助于了解沉积成岩成矿流体介质的性质、组分、状态以及它们在时间和空间上的演化规律。本文系统介绍并探索矿物包裹体在沉积岩成因、成岩作用、成岩微区分析、成岩条件、成岩环境、成岩演化过程、有机质热演化和沉积盆地分析等方面的应用。 相似文献
13.
Relationship of diagenetic chlorite rims to depositional facies in Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstones of the Scotian Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The relationship between diagenetic chlorite rims and depositional facies in deltaic strata of the Lower Cretaceous Missisauga Formation was investigated using a combination of electron microprobe, bulk geochemistry and X‐ray diffraction data. The succession studied comprises several stacked parasequences. The delta progradational facies association includes: (i) fluvial or distributary channel sandstones (some with tidal influence); (ii) thick‐bedded delta‐front graded beds of sandstone interpreted as resulting from fluvial hyperpycnal flow during floods and storms; and (iii) more distal muddier delta‐front and prodeltaic facies. The transgressive facies association includes lag conglomerate, siderite‐cemented muddy sandstone and mudstone, and bioclastic sandy limestone. Chlorite rims are absent in the fluvial facies and best developed in thick sandstones lacking mudstone baffles. Good quality chlorite rims are well correlated with Ti in bulk geochemistry. Ti is a proxy for Fe availability, principally from the breakdown of abundant detrital ilmenite (FeTiO3). Under conditions of sea floor diagenesis, the abrupt decrease in sedimentation rate at transgressive surfaces caused progressive shallowing of the sulphate‐depletion level and of the overlying Eh‐controlled diagenetic zones, resulting in conditions suitable for diagenetic formation of berthierine to migrate upwards through the packet of reservoir sandstones. This early diagenetic berthierine suppressed silica cementation and later recrystallized to chlorite. Thick euhedral outer chlorite rims were precipitated from formation water in sandstone lacking muddy baffles on this chlorite substrate and inhibited late carbonate cementation. This study thus shows that the preservation of porosity by chlorite rims is a two‐stage process. Rapidly deposited delta‐front turbidite facies create early diagenetic conditions that eventually lead to the formation of chlorite rims, but the best quality chlorite rims are restricted to sandstones with high permeability during burial diagenesis. 相似文献
14.
Fluid–rock interactions during continuous diagenesis of sandstone reservoirs and their effects on reservoir porosity 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Cretaceous sandstone reservoir in the Kuche Depression, Tarim Basin, western China, was investigated with reference to its reservoir property evolution during diagenesis. Six general diagenetic stages were recognized through petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical analyses. Fluid–rock interaction experiments were conducted under these six continuous diagenetic conditions, that is with a simulation sequence of compaction → early diagenesis → organic acid incursion I → elevated temperature/pressure → organic acid incursion II → late diagenesis. Corresponding to these six experimental stages, a total of six models were constructed. Finally, an extended model of fluid–rock interaction during diagenesis at a geological timescale (from 30 Ma to present) was constructed after various parameters had been validated. Results demonstrate that the diagenetic stages from both the experimental and numerical simulations generally matched findings obtained from the petrographic and geochemical analyses: (i) With compaction becoming weakened, cementation by various minerals was gradually increased. (ii) Quartz overgrowth occurred because the contemporaneous sedimentary water was alkaline. (iii) Most minerals (for example, calcite and feldspar minerals) displayed dissolution owing to the first organic acid incursion, resulting in the visual porosity increasing to 29·26%. (iv) Increases in temperature and pressure caused a minor fluctuation of the porosity change. (v) The cement that formed during earlier stages largely dissolved with the second organic acid incursion. (vi) During the last stage, the reservoir fluid was diluted by sedimentary alkaline water and most minerals precipitated under an alkalic environment. The present porosity simulated is about 11·4%, comparable with the actually measured data. This study demonstrates that the combination of petrographic observations, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations can not only reconstruct the diagenetic process, but also provide a quantitative evaluation and prediction of reservoir petrophysical properties. 相似文献
15.
KINGA HIPS JÁNOS HAAS MÁRIA VIDÓ ZSUZSANNA BARNA DIVNA JOVANOVIĆ MILAN N. SUDAR ZOLTÁN SIKLÓSY 《Sedimentology》2011,58(4):854-877
A peculiar facies of the Norian–Rhaetian Dachstein‐type platform carbonates, which contains large amounts of blackened bioclasts and dissolutional cavities filled by cements and internal sediments, occurs in the Zlatibor Mountains, Serbia. Microfacies investigations revealed that the blackened bioclasts are predominantly Solenoporaceae, with a finely crystalline, originally aragonite skeleton of fine cellular structure. Blackening of other bioclasts also occurs subordinately. Solenoporacean‐dominated reefs, developed behind the platform margin patch‐reef tract, were the main source of sand‐sized detritus. The blackened and other non‐blackened bioclasts are incorporated in automicrite cement. Radiaxial fibrous calcite cements in the dissolutional cavities are also black, dark grey or white. Reworked black pebbles were reported from many occurrences of peritidal deposits; in those cases, the blackening took place under pedogenic, meteoric diagenetic conditions. In contrast, in the inner platform deposits of the Ilid?a Limestone, the blackening of bioclasts occurred in a marine–meteoric mixing‐zone, as indicated by petrographic features and geochemical data of the skeleton‐replacing calcite crystals. Attributes of mixing‐zone pore waters were controlled by mixing corrosion, different solubility of carbonate minerals and microbial decomposition of organic matter. In the moderate‐energy inner platform environment, large amounts of microbial organic tissue were accumulated and subsequently decomposed, triggering selective blackening in the course of early, shallow burial diagenesis. The δ18O and δ13C values of the mixing‐zone precipitates and replacive calcite do not produce a linear mixing trend. Variation mainly resulted from microbial decomposition of organic matter that occurred under mixing‐zone conditions. The paragenetic sequence implies cyclic diagenetic conditions that were determined by marine, meteoric and mixing‐zone pore fluids. The diagenetic cycles were controlled by sea‐level fluctuations of moderate amplitude under a semi‐arid to semi‐humid climate. 相似文献
16.
早白垩世泥炭地净初级生产力及其控制因素--来自二连盆地吉尔嘎郎图凹陷6号煤的证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
现代泥炭地中蕴藏着巨量的碳,泥炭地生产力的高低会影响全球碳循环及全球气候变化。前人对全新世以来泥炭地生产力做了大量研究,但对前第四纪的“深时”阶段的泥炭地生产力则极少涉及,其主要原因是缺少精确的定年方法。以二连盆地吉尔嘎郎图凹陷早白垩世6号煤为例,利用地球物理测井信号进行频谱分析并获得煤层中米兰科维奇旋回周期参数（123 ka（偏心率）:38.1 ka（斜率）:22.1 ka（岁差））,将米兰科维奇旋回作为“深时”地层时间的“度量”工具,计算出6号煤层碳的聚集速率为35.1~38.9 g C/（m2·a）,进一步推算出其所代表的泥炭地的碳聚集速率为46.2~51.2 g C/（m2·a）,净初级生产力（NPP）为231~256 g C/（m2·a）。将该计算结果与全新世同一纬度带泥炭地生产力水平比较,并结合前人研究成果综合分析影响因素,得出早白垩世泥炭地生产力水平主要受温度和大气中二氧化碳含量控制,而这两种因素又与气候相关联,则泥炭地生产力的研究可能对进一步了解古气候提供帮助。 相似文献
17.
通过岩心观察并综合利用普通薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜分析等资料,对须二段储层岩石学特征、物性及孔隙结构特征、成岩作用、成岩矿物、成岩环境、所处成岩阶段和成岩演化序列等进行了研究。结果表明,须二段储层经历压实压溶、胶结、溶蚀和破裂等成岩作用,现今处于中成岩A 期。根据成岩作用类型和强度、成岩矿物及其对储层物性的影响划分出3种成岩相：强压实自生矿物胶结相、强压实不稳定组分溶蚀相和破碎裂缝相。选取了对成岩相较敏感的声波时差、电阻率、自然伽马、密度和中子5条常规测井曲线和成像测井资料,通过岩心资料刻度测井建立了各成岩相的测井识别标准,将成岩相进行剖面展开和平面成图。再根据有利成岩相的平面展布规律,对蓬莱地区须二段优质储层发育带进行了预测,认为平面上的斜坡中部为主要的优质储集层发育区。 相似文献
18.
Rock-magnetic characterization of early, redoxomorphic diagenesis in turbiditic sediments from the Madeira Abyssal Plain 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Rock‐magnetic measurements of two sediment cores from the Madeira Abyssal Plain (MAP), north Atlantic, are used to investigate post‐depositional changes in the concentration, grain size and composition of magnetic minerals in the sediments that have occurred within organic‐rich turbidite horizons. The changes are associated with an initial stage of suboxic (reductive) diagenesis, following depletion of porewater O2, and a later stage of oxidative diagenesis associated with the slow descent of an oxidation front through the sediment, as a result of diffusion of O2 from the overlying sea water. The turbidites are of late Quaternary age (δ18O stages 1–3) and derive both from different sites on the NW African continental margin, and from the flanks of the Canary Islands. Thus, the turbidites are variable compositionally, especially in terms of carbonate, detrital magnetic mineral and organic carbon content. Diagenetic changes in these sediments have been identified using solid‐phase geochemical data (U, Mn, Corg and CaCO3) reported previously in more than one study. Rock‐magnetic parameters of the sediments, when expressed on a carbonate‐free basis, reveal that significant depletion of detrital ferrimagnetic iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) oxide grains has occurred within organic‐rich turbidites during redoxomorphic diagenesis. Normalized quotients of magnetic parameters also show that reductive diagenesis is a ferrimagnetic grain size‐selective process, but it has a minimal effect on the canted‐antiferromagnetic Fe3+ oxides in the sediment. Such components, if present, therefore become relatively enriched in magnetic assemblages as the ferrimagnetic grains are dissolved progressively, and bulk magnetic concentration is thus depleted. There is clear evidence in both cores for the existence of ultrafine ferrimagnetic grains at depth within the suboxic zone of the organic‐rich turbidites, beneath both active and fossil oxidation fronts. These grains are most probably associated with populations of live magnetotactic bacteria, which commonly inhabit such organic‐rich horizons and play a part in the chain of bacterially mediated reactions normally associated with suboxic diagenesis. These results show that simple and rapid rock‐magnetic techniques can be used to characterize early diagenetic processes involving iron phases in deep‐sea sediments, at least as effectively as more laborious, time‐consuming and sample‐destructive geochemical measurements. 相似文献
19.
开江-梁平地区上二叠统长兴组储层岩石学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以露头剖面测量、单井岩芯观察和室内薄片鉴定为依据,结合不同结构和成因类型白云岩(或白云石)的n(Mg)/n(Ca)比值,有序度和C、O、Sr同位素特征,对开江-梁平地区长兴组碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用与孔隙发育和演化规律进行了综合研究,确定研究区对储层破坏最大的成岩作用是胶结、压实-压溶、新生变形和次生矿物的充填等作用,而对储层贡献最大的建设性成岩作用主要为埋藏白云岩化、重结晶、溶蚀和破裂等作用,有效地改善了储层的孔渗性,形成以粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间溶孔、超大溶孔、溶洞和溶裂缝等多种次生孔隙类型组合的礁、滩相储层基本特征。在再造成岩序列和恢复孔隙演化历史的基础上,对储层发育与孔隙演化的关系可得出如下几点结论:①有利的礁、滩相带决定了储层发育的位置和空间展布规律;②礁、滩复合体的多期次埋藏白云岩化是形成储层的基础;③破裂作用和溶蚀作用是改造储层和提高储层质量的关键。 相似文献
20.
MEI Mingxiang MA Yongsheng GUO Qingyin Institute of Earth Sciences Natural Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Petrochemical Corporation 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(4):421-431
The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in the Jixian section of Tianjin is a succession of 3300-m-thick carbonate strata formed in a period of about 100 Ma (1310±20 Ma-1207±10 Ma). In this succession of strata, the carbonate metre-scale cyclic sequences belonging to peritidal type with an approximately symmetrical lithofacies-succession are best developed. The wide development of 1:4 stacking patterns shows that these metre-scale cyclic sequences are genetically related to the short-eccentricity cycles, which are called the Wumishan cyclothems that could truly represent sedimentary cycles. Generally, massive and thick-bedded calcareous dolomites and dolomitic limestones of stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms constitute the central part of the Wumishan cyclothems. The lower and upper parts consist of tidal flat dolostones, sandy-muddy dolostone and the top part is composed of lagoonal facies dolomitic shales with a paleosol cap. Therefore, an approximately symmetrical lithofacies-successio 相似文献