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1.
由相对地热梯度推断的腾冲火山区现存岩浆囊 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：15
为利用温泉来研究和监测腾冲火山区的现今岩浆分布并探讨其活动性，提出相对地热梯度的概念：假设各热田或水热活动区的热储深度相等，则热储温度与地表温泉温度之差为该地相对地热梯度。通过对前人在该地区获得的温泉的基本要素和温泉水化学分析数据分析，选取了159个温泉计算相对地热梯度。用这159个数据，通过克里金插值方法获得了腾冲火山区的相对地热梯度平面分布。结果发现腾冲火山区有3个相对地热梯度在100℃以上的高值区域。结合其他资料，认为腾冲火山区现今存在3个岩浆囊，它们的几何尺度为19～28kin，深度为4～12km或更深，并且目前的活动性各不相同。 相似文献
2.
腾冲热海地热田热储结构与岩浆热源的温度 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
腾冲热海地区是一个由幔源岩浆侵入形成的地热田,
地热流体排放受深浅不同的三组活动断裂控制,
具多层地热储结构特征。气体、 同位素、 水化学地球化学温标显示,
深层热储的温度约为250±7℃、中、浅层地热储温度的变化范围分别为241～190℃和195～154℃。根据岩浆来源CO 相似文献
3.
根据多时相夜间MODIS LST推断的腾冲地区新生代火山岩岩浆囊分布与活动特征 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
腾冲火山地热区位于印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲-碰撞带的弧后活动区,是我国新生代火山-地热最为活动的地区之一.本文利用MODIS夜间月平均地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)数据,计算了研究区2001～2011年132个月的月平均地表温度,圈定了地温异常区;分析了异常区年内及年际间的平均地表温度变化趋势,推测了可能的地下岩浆囊分布位置及活动特征.研究结果表明,腾冲地区现今地下可能存在3个岩浆囊:第1个位于五合-新华-蒲川-团田一带,面积约为537km2,地温异常最明显;第2个位于朗蒲-热海-马鞍山地区,面积约为226km2,地温异常次之;第3个位于马站-曲石之间,面积约为28km2,地温异常较为明显.3个地温异常区在年内的地表温度变化趋势基本一致,而且周期性明显,均在5～6月份和8～9月份出现2个温度峰.其中朗蒲-热海-马鞍山异常区的地温变化波动最大,可能反映地下岩浆囊地热系统与地表地下水系统的对流交换活动性更强.MODIS夜间月平均地表温度数据得出的结果与测震、GPS形变、He同位素比值及最大相对地热梯度等方法推测的地温异常区范围具有很好的一致性,特别是地温异常区年内温度周期性变化的发现,表明卫星热红外遥感技术应用于地热异常实时监测与研究的巨大潜力. 相似文献
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地热系统内部地质要素特征分析是建立其成因模式的基础,也是后期研究地热资源赋存特征和资源量评价的依据。结合前人研究成果和区内地热钻井资料,通过对冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷地热系统“源、储、通、盖”主要地质要素分析,建立了其概念模型,并开展了地热资源量评价。束鹿凹陷为一新生代发育在渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷内的典型的箕状凹陷,接受可能来自于其下深部地壳结构约20 km处低阻体的热源供给。新近系馆陶组砂岩热储和奥陶系碳酸盐岩热储分别构成了两套独立的地热系统。其中,馆陶组砂岩热储全区稳定分布,底板埋深介于1100~2000 m,储层厚度约为200~320 m,孔隙度约在15%~35%之间,渗透率最高可达1200 mD,热储底板温度在57~78℃;奥陶系碳酸盐岩热储受箕状凹陷边界断裂的控制呈单斜状倾伏,埋深1800~6000 m,储层厚度100~550 m,孔隙度2%~18%,渗透率0.5~50 mD,地热水井口温度在75~92℃。两套地热系统由西边太行山的大气降水沿着地层不整合面和断裂运移通道进行补给,通过深部热传导和局部热对流增温后,在储层中富集形成地热水。上覆松散的第四系沉积和明化镇组河流相碎屑岩沉积厚300~1400 m,热导率0.9~1.8 W/(m·K),构成了良好的区域盖层。束鹿凹陷地热资源量评价结果表明,馆陶组砂岩地热系统含244.430×108 GJ,奥陶系岩溶地热系统
含203.752×108 GJ,总量合计448.182×108 GJ,折合标煤15.296×108 t。年开采地热资源量满足的供暖面积可达1.106×108 m2,开发潜力巨大。 相似文献
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海南省乐东县龙沐湾地热田属于隐伏小型中低温地热田,地热田面积约12 km2,呈南北半月形带状展布,该地热田内3口地热井为32℃～42℃。通过对地热田内地热井的水化学资料分析得出,地热田水化学类型以HCO3-Na·Ca型为主,地热流体水化学组分基本处于稳定状态。同时对地热流体质量评价,将地热田地热流体命名为重碳酸钠钙型硅温水,可作饮用天然矿泉水,不宜作生活饮用水、渔业用水和农业灌溉,地热流体不具有腐蚀性且通过碳酸钙结垢趋势判断为不结垢。 相似文献
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广东神灶温泉出露于海水之中,揭示其流体循环机制对地热资源的可持续开发利用具有重要意义.通过采集神灶温泉区地热水、地热气体和海水样品,测试其流体地球化学组成及主要同位素组成,得到以下认识：神灶温泉水化学类型为Cl-Na·Ca型,主要由大气降水补给;水中盐分主要来自硅酸盐矿物溶解和现代海水混入,海水混入比例为29%～32%.利用化学温度计估算热储温度为130℃,地热水循环深度约4 km.地热气体以大气起源N2为主要组分,CO2、CH4为壳内有机沉积物的热变质产物.此外,He同位素指示幔源组分占比不足5%,研究区大地热流值为67～69 mW/m2.综上,神灶温泉区是以壳内放射性生热为主要热源的中温对流型地热系统. 相似文献
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南海北部海底地热测量的数据处理方法 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为了解南海北部地热分布特征,使用EWING型海底地热探针在3个区域进行海底地热测量,利用TK04型热导率仪测量采自3个区域的沉积物样品的热导率,并对相关数据进行一系列校正处理,获得3个代表性站位HD343、HS82、HX129的热流密度。数据分析表明:对于EWING型探针需要对原始温度记录进行偏移量校正和平衡温度计算;不同自容式温度传感器(MTL)间的相对温度偏移量是基本固定的,取决于记录器本身的性质,与测站位置无关;插入海底后,EWING型探针记录的温度随时间的变化取决于摩擦生热的大小,如果摩擦引起的温度变化小于环境温度,温度将随时间缓慢上升,否则随时间缓慢降低;室内测量的热导率经过温度和压力校正后,一般降低4％～5％;3个站位的地温梯度分别是81 ℃/km、109 ℃/km、94 ℃/km,热导率分别为0.979 W/(m·K)、0.785 W/(m·K)、0.886 W/(m·K),热流密度分别为79 mW/m2、86 mW/m2、83 mW/m2。 相似文献
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郑州航空港区位于郑州市东南方向25km,目前航空港区连接市区的供热管道没有贯通,港区供热是个亟待解决的问题。根据计算与评价结果,航空港区内浅层地热能较不适宜采用地下水换热方式开发,较适宜地埋管换热方式开发;深层地热新近系温热水主要分布在孟庄镇—龙王乡一线以东区域,热储层温度43℃—48℃,宜井深度500～1200m,单井出水量15～20m~3/h;奥陶系—寒武系温热水主要分布在孟庄镇—龙王乡一线以西区域,热储层温度43℃—82℃,宜井深度1800～3000m,单井出水量大于20～25m~3/h。对郑州航空港区地热资源进行开发利用,可有效解决港区目前的供热问题。 相似文献
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【研究目的】太原盆地作为优质岩溶热储分布与城市供暖需求匹配良好的地区之一,其岩溶地热系统的形成演化与成因要素的研究对本区地热资源的整体开发以及断陷盆地型地热资源展布规律的认识均具有重要的指导意义。【研究方法】本文在综合前人研究成果与最新54口地热井资料的基础上,分析了太原盆地岩溶地热系统的热源、热储展布和水热动力学特征,并分8个单元评价了地热资源量。【研究结果】结果表明,岩溶热储发育的层位主要为华北板块广泛分布的下古生界奥陶系,经历了早古生代末的表生岩溶、晚古生代的直接盖层沉积、中生代岩溶地热系统初始形成、新近纪的改造与第四纪最终定型等5个阶段。该地热系统的热源来自于新生代裂谷盆地产生的高大地热流（最高达79.12 mW/m2）,热传递方式可分为强烈对流型（盆地边缘）和热传导型（盆地内部）截然不同的两类。热储储集性能具纵向分层、平面分带特征。在纵向上识别出15～20层有效储集段,累计厚度160～180 m,可划分为3~4层主力含水段;在平面上有利储集带主要受NE向隐伏构造的控制,且主力含水层在运移过程中易发生“越流”现象。盆地中段的奥陶系热储因埋藏适中（约400~1900 m）、且储层温度较高（30~75℃）,是最有利的勘探开发区。依据热储体积法评价出太原盆地岩溶地热系统可利用的静态地热资源量为83.03×108 GJ,折合标煤2.83×108 t。【结论】年开采地热资源量可满足1502万m2的供暖面积。鉴于目前已开发资源仅占可开发的23.3%,开发潜力巨大。创新点：根据区域构造－沉积旋回对地热系统组成要素的控制作用,剖析山间断陷盆地岩溶地热系统的成因模式;结合地热井产水量与测井曲线解释成果,分析热储物性纵向分层、平面分带的规律;采用热储体积法分区块精细评价太原盆地岩溶地热系统的地热资源量。 相似文献
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北京市地热资源属于沉积盆地型中低温地热资源,目前已有50年集中开发利用历史。经过多年开发利用,已突显出一系列问题。为合理确定北京市地热资源开发利用方向,服务首都城市功能,建设宜居城市,本文通过资料收集分析、野外地热地质补充调查及水化学取样,分析了北京地区地温场分布特征、水化学特征、同位素特征,其中研究表明热储顶板温度高于80℃的地区主要分布在北京凹陷中心和大兴迭隆起南部的凤河营附近;北京地区地热水化学类型主要为HCO3-Na型水。并开展了地热资源温度区划、地热资源开发利用方案区划及开发利用潜力区划。综合考虑地热田划分、地热资源特征、地热资源潜力区划,结合开采程度、资源条件及地区经济发展的需要,进行了地热资源保护区划,将其划分为限制开采区、控制开采区、鼓励开采区和其他地区,其面积分别为378.65 km2、562.88 km2、1612.07 km2、3722.31 km2。本文分析研究,对掌握北京市地热资源总体特征、了解地热流体补给来源、制定地热资源保护区划、合理开发利用地热资源具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
19.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
20.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献