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在海洋经济发展过程中,提升海洋资源价值是一个复杂的系统工程,它涉及到海洋企业的生产、管理、经营和组织模式,海洋产业结构、流通体制、科技体制、服务体系和规模,同时还需要法律、政策、投资和风险方面的保障等。本文主要阐述基于海洋资源保值增值的海洋产业、海洋企业和政府管理创新。 相似文献
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海洋水色遥感元数据及其系统设计 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在参考国内外元数据标准的基础上,提出了一个海洋水色遥感元数据框架,可以用来对海洋水色遥感数据进行描述、组织、存储和管理;在此基础上,利用XML Schema对此元数据框架进行描述,从而可以用于规范海洋水色遥感元数据。其次,从元数据的访问接口、存储系统及其安全体系结构方面设计元数据系统,实现对海洋水色遥感元数据的有效存储和管理。最后,对海洋水色遥感元数据系统进行功能和性能评价。 相似文献
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海区预报中心作为国家海洋预报系统的重要组成部分,承担着海区海洋环境观测预报和海洋灾害预警,为海区海洋防灾减灾、执法管理、科研调查、应急管理以及海上搜救等提供技术支撑的重要职责。文章以北海区为例,在分析海区预报中心海洋灾害预警报服务现状和存在的主要问题的基础上,结合国家和海区海洋事业发展需求及现有预警报服务水平和能力,提出创新海区海洋灾害预警报服务模式的基本原则、总体目标,并给出实现创新目标需要解决的关键问题和需要建立、完善的关键业务技术系统。 相似文献
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海区预报中心作为国家海洋预报系统的重要组成部分,承担着海区海洋环境观测预报和海洋灾害预警,为海区海洋防灾减灾、执法管理、科研调查、应急管理以及海上搜救等提供技术支撑的重要职责。文章以北海区为例,在分析海区预报中心海洋灾害预警报服务现状和存在的主要问题的基础上,结合国家和海区海洋事业发展需求及现有预警报服务水平和能力,提出创新海区海洋灾害预警报服务模式的基本原则、总体目标,并给出实现创新目标需要解决的关键问题和需要建立、完善的关键业务技术系统。 相似文献
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海洋观测技术是有效管理海洋事务、行使国家主权的重要手段。海洋观测技术的自主与可控对我国具有十分重要的意义。创新与应用是实现海洋观测技术自主与可控的核心,海洋观测网是实现海洋观测技术创新与应用的载体。文章梳理美国三大观测网(全球海洋观测系统、综合海洋观测系统和海洋观测倡议)的发展历史,提出政府在以观测网为代表的海洋观测技术发展的组织、实施和管理方面发挥主导作用;根据我国海洋观测的现状,借鉴美国海洋观测网的发展经验,对我国基于创新与应用的海洋观测网的组织、实施、管理和发展提出建议。 相似文献
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渤海冬季油气生产危险冰情报警方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前，渤海中的油气田冬季生产都有可能遭受不同程度的冰灾威胁，建立渤海冬季油气生产危险冰情报警系统和防冰减灾的海冰管理方法是很有必要的。本文提出一套适用于渤海不同冰区以及不同型式油气开发工程的冬季油气生产危险冰情报警方法，其中包括渤海海冰生消过程中的监测，预报系统，对不同类型开发工程危险情报警标准的考虑以及海冰管理数据库和专家系统软件。本文是在辽东湾油气田海冰管理实验和研究基础上提出的。对渤海冬季生 相似文献
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针对我国研究生培养管理的特点,利用ASP技术构造基于Internet和Intranet的三层体系的研究生培养管理信息系统.在对研究生培养管理功能进行系统调研和功能分析的基础上,建立了系统的功能模块以及各功能模块之间的关系.并确定了该系统应用软件的运行环境和面向对象的软件设计思想.经过系统运行表明,该系统实用、有效,其功能基本上满足了我国高校研究生培养管理的需求. 相似文献
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一、海洋综合管理的概念 海洋综合管理是国家通过各级政府对海洋（主要集中在管辖海域）的空间、资源、环境和权益等进行的全面的、统筹协调的管理活动。在此基础上，还可以延伸表述为：海洋综合管理是海洋管理的高层次管理形态。它以国家的海洋整体利益为目标，通过发展战略、政策．规划、区划、立法、执法，以及行政监督等行为，对国家管辖海域的空间、资源、环境和权益，在统一管理与分部门分级管理的体制下，实施统筹协调管理。达到提高海洋开发利用的系统功效、海洋经济的协调发展、保护海洋环境和国家海洋权益的目的。海洋综合管理包… 相似文献
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为加强对海上油气平台和海底电缆管道的信息化管理,为海洋管理部门的使用审批和相关企业的安全生产提供信息服务和决策支持,文章基于国家海域动态监视监测管理系统,设计开发海上油气平台和海底电缆管道信息化系统。该系统采用多层架构体系,具有较强的扩展性;分为数据整理、行政审批、统计分析、综合展示和系统管理5个功能模块,采用面向服务的软件架构、模型驱动的系统设计和开发以及MVC技术框架等关键技术,实现数据标准化和共享化、审批全过程管理以及二/三维可视化等功能。目前系统运行状况良好,已获取大量海上油气平台和海底电缆管道信息,在三维展示方面仍需完善。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Nabil Sultan Pierre Cochonat Jean Fran ois Bourillet Florence Cayocca 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):107-133
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed. 相似文献