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利用国际刻度参考装置AlphaGUARD测氡仪及水氡测量组件, 使用水中溶解氡(或豁免级氡气源), 开展代替目前氡气固体源校准方法实验。 对FD-125测氡仪标配的3个闪烁室(1#、 3#及5#)分别使用水中溶解氡和氡气固体源进行校准实验, 3个闪烁室的校准K值相对误差分别为5.06%, 1.92%及2.76%, 可以达到目前地震监测氡观测技术要求。 实验结果表明, 水中溶解氡代替氡气固体源校准, 可以解决目前氡气固体源校准中存在的运输困难、 维修技术要求高等问题, 是今后氡观测仪器校准技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
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对测氡仪器进行校准是保证观测数据准确可靠的重要前提。本文从校准原理、操作流程、准确度方面,对3种利用传统氡气固体源进行测氡仪器校准的方法进行了总结和讨论,重点介绍了基于AlphaGUARD P2000F测氡仪,利用水中溶解氡气对其他测氡仪校准的基本原理、校准流程,分析了该校准方法的优缺点。为了分析利用水中溶解氡气与传统氡气固体源对测氡仪校准的准确度差异,设计采用2种校准方法,分别对FD-125测氡仪3个闪烁室进行实验。实验表明,使用水中溶解氡气校准法得到的06、07、08闪烁室的校准因子与传统氡气固体源校准的相对误差分别为1.46%、1.6%、1.42%,准确度差异较小。目前固体氡源存在运输困难、严重老化、国家环保部门监管严格等问题,利用水中溶解氡气开展测氡仪器校准可以作为一种有效的解决方案。 相似文献
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为保证气氡测量结果准确性和可靠性,需对测氡仪器进行定期校准。应用目前我国地震系统内常用的三种校准方法：标准仪器校准法、RN-FD循环式氡气源校准法及固体氡气源校准法,对入网新型气氡仪进行校准方法比测。得出结果认为：循环式常压取源方式更接近新型数字化氡观测仪器的正常工作方式;标准仪器校准法是目前正在使用的几种校准方法中系统误差最小、校准效率最高、维护成本最低的方法;RN-FD循环式氡气源校准法和固体氡气源校准法均为标准物质传递方法,该方法存在诸多困难及不便(如放射性固体源运输、人员技术及环保监管等)影响仪器校准的及时性。通过分析这三种校准方法在原理、使用操作方法等方面的差异,讨论它们对校准结果准确度的影响,为新型仪器的校准操作规程(规范)的编写及实施提供参考。 相似文献
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对几种固体氡源在标定测氡仪器中性能的探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《华南地震》2015,(2)
对测氡仪器进行精确标定是氡测量工作中的重要环节,分析了目前国内常用的三种固体源(RN-150型、GD-L2流气式型、RN-FD循环式型)在结构原理、使用操作方法两方面的差异,并讨论了这些差异对标定结果准确度的影响。分析认为:RN-FD型循环式固体氡气源是目前正在使用的几种氡气源中系统误差最小、标定效率最高、维护成本最低的氡标准气源。在实际使用中,应根据固体氡气源的结构原理特点,尽量避免不必要的操作误差,减少对标定结果准确度的影响。 相似文献
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根据氡观测仪的氡室校准和氡气固体源校准两种校准方式的实验结果, 讨论了使用标准仪器校准氡观测仪器的可靠性问题。 用国际公认的计量传递仪器AlphaGUARD P2000Pro或AlphaGUARD P2000F测氡仪作为氡气溯源仪器, 对九江地震台FD-125氡钍分析器的三个闪烁室进行了氡室校准、 氡气固体源校准和仪器校准三种方法实验, 得到标准仪器校准、 氡气固体源校准得出K值相对氡室校准结果偏差均小于6%, 结果表明, 三种方法的校准结果均符合目前氡观测计量溯源技术要求, 能达到与国家氡计量刻度相统一目的。 相似文献
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2008年8月福建省地震局水化学中心实验站对新购置的水氡仪器进行标定,标定结果出现异常：全部闪烁室K值超出《地震水文地球化学观测技术规范》所要求的取值范围,但每个闪烁室多次标定的K值的相对偏差基本小于5％,说明虽然K值超出要求,但是固体氡气源装置上标称氡射气剂量分配值是稳定的。造成标定结果异常的可能原因主要有,标定过程出现漏气,新仪器选择的各项指标有误,固体氡气源故障。更换干燥剂、橡皮管,检查每一个接口,以及闪烁室的密封性能和真空泵的抽真空性能,重新检查仪器状态均已正常后,用现用的两套仪器进行标定,以检验是否因新仪器选择的各项指标有误造成标定结果异常。两次标定结果类似,分析认为,可能是固体氡气源故障,虽然在这次标定中,固体氡气源装置上标称氡射气剂量分配值是稳定的,但可能其含量较以前发生了变化。 相似文献
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Chemical and geochemical studies of Lake Biel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Urs P. Nyffeler Paul W. Schindler Urban E. Wirz Dieter M. Imboden 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1983,45(1):45-61
The mixing and transport processes in Lake Biel have been studied using the heat and excess Rn-222 as natural tracers. The
mixing parameters were established in terms of coefficients of eddy diffusion in a two-dimensional box model. To account for
observed transient Rn-222 distribution, transport by advection had to be included in the model calculations.
Part I: Peter W. Santschi and Paul W. Schindler: A mass balance for Lake Biel and its implications for the rates of erosion
of the drainage area. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol.39, 182–200 (1977). 相似文献
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Groundwater Rn concentration has been monitored at several sites in the Campi Flegrei Caldera since the time of the last episode of bradyseismic activity. The results concerning the period 1983–88 indicate that the Rn concentration is spatially variable due to the different chemico-physical characteristics of the waters or structural features. Rn concentration is generally influenced by the long-term changes of meteorological factors. Rainfalls appear to affect the Rn content of the most superficial aquifers. Several short-term spike-like Rn anomalies have been detected both during and after the period of the bradyseismic crisis. They do not show correlation with temporal changes of the pH and/or temperature of waters. A systematic correlation between Rn anomalies and episodic strong rainfall events is also absent. Furthermore, a clear relationship between Rn spikes and both uplift velocity changes and seismic activity has not been found.The overall evidence makes it very difficult to understand the temporal changes of groundwater Rn concentration that have occurred during and after the 1982–84 bradyseismic crisis. Nevertheless, a clear causal relationship between Rn concentration and the dynamics of the bradyseism is observed in some monitored sites. Its appearance may have been favoured by the low Rn concentration in the groundwaters during periods of quiescent activity. 相似文献
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Amiram Roffman 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1972,97(1):175-182
Summary An instrument for use with a captive balloon has been developed for the investigation of the vertical distribution of222Rn and its daughter ions of high mobility. The system consists of a light weight ion collector of the Gerdien type and an automatic air sampler. Simultaneous collections of222Rn and its daughter ions having mobilities of known limits makes it possible to determine the concentration of the radioactive ions relative to the ambient concentration of222Rn in different atmospheric conditions in the air layer adjacent to the ground where aircraft and tower measurements are not practicable. Vertical profiles taken over a mountain ridge in a well-mixed atmosphere show almost constant concentrations of222Rn and its daughter ions with altitude. In some cases a slight increase in the concentrations of222Rn and its daughter ions with altitude has been observed. The radioactive ion concentration relative to the ambient concentration of222Rn in the boundary layer is of the order of 3%. 相似文献
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Measurements have been made of 222Rn release from diverse soils in the region surrounding Malaga, Spain. These flux measurements were carried out by two methods. A direct method using a static chamber technique and another indirect method obtained from concentration profile measurements of 222Rn in the soil air. The effects of meteorological variables and other parameters on 222Rn flux were studied. The factors that most affected the instantaneous value of 222Rn release were humidity and soil thermal gradient. The directly measured 222Rn fluxes at investigated sites are higher than 222Rn fluxes derived by the indirect method. 相似文献
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为研究汤东断裂带土壤气体地球化学特征及其所反映的构造地球化学背景, 采用野外监测的方法分析了张河村与邢李庄村两条测线的土壤H2、 Rn分布特征。 结果表明, 张河村H2浓度、 Rn活度浓度的分布范围分别为0.24×10-6～174.7×10-6、 13.3～69.8 kBq·m-3, 背景值分别为14.26×10-6, 24.8 kBq·m-3。 邢李庄测线H2浓度、 Rn活度浓度的分布范围11.8×10-6～67.06×10-6、 43.6～72.6 kBq·m-3, 背景值分别为37.13×10-6、 72.6 kBq·m-3。 张河村测线在90～105 m处, H2、 Rn出现强烈高值异常, 而120～150 m处出现高值异常。 异常值位于断裂带附近, H2、 Rn气体测值对断裂位置具有良好的指示作用。 气体异常主要受汤东活动断裂构造控制, 汤东断裂下方的深大断裂和汤阴地堑中下地壳的低速体对深部气体释放有重要作用。 相似文献
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Abhay Anand Bourai Sunita Aswal Anoop Dangwal Mukesh Rawat Mukesh Prasad Nagendra Prasad Naithani Veena Joshi Rakesh Chand Ramola 《Acta Geophysica》2013,61(4):950-957
Radon in the Earth’s crust or soil matrix is free to move only if its atoms find their way into pores or capillaries of the matrix. 222Rn atoms from solid mineral grains get into air, filling pores through emanation process. Then 222Rn enters into the atmosphere from air-filled pores by exhalation process. The estimation of radon flux from soil surface is an important parameter for determining the source term for radon concentration modeling. In the present investigation, radon fluxes and soil-gas radon concentration have been measured along and around the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in Uttarkashi district of Garhwal Himalaya, India, by using Scintillation Radon Monitor (SRM) and RAD7 devices, respectively. The soil radon gas concentration measured by RAD7 with soil probe at the constant depth was found to vary from 12 ± 3 to 2330 ± 48 Bq·m?3 with geometrical mean value of 302 ± 84 Bq·m?3. Th significance of this work is its usefulness from radiation protection point of view. 相似文献
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Transient storage zones (TSZs) are located at the interface of rivers and their abutting aquifers and play an important role in hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of rivers. The natural radioactive tracer 222Rn is a particularly well-suited tracer for studying TSZ water exchange and age. Although 222Rn measurement techniques have developed rapidly, there has been less progress in modeling 222Rn activities. Here, we combine field measurements with the numerical model HydroGeoSphere (HGS) to simulate 222Rn emanation, decay and transport during steady state (riffle-pool sequence) and transient (bank storage) conditions. Comparing the HGS mean water ages with the conventional 222Rn apparent ages during steady state showed a systemic underestimation of apparent age with increasing dispersion and especially where large concentration gradients exist within the subsurface. A large underestimation of apparent water age was also observed at the advective front during bank storage where regional high 222Rn groundwater mixes with newly infiltrated surface water. The explicit modeling of radiogenic tracers such as 222Rn offers a physical interpretation of this data as well as a useful way to test simplified apparent age models. 相似文献
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怀安盆地北缘断裂东段土壤气体地球化学特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
活动断裂带的土壤气体地球化学测量在活动断裂危险性评价方面起着重要作用。 本文讨论了怀安盆地北缘断裂东段的土壤气体地球化学特征及其构造意义。 我们于2012年7月和2013年6月在怀安盆地北缘断裂东段的羊窖沟以及张家窑两地现场测量了土壤气体组分的浓度和通量。 测量结果表明: ① 断裂带土壤气H2、 Rn、 CO2和Hg浓度空间分布曲线呈现双峰模式, 且断裂下盘土壤气的Rn、 CO2和Hg浓度较上盘的高; H2、 Rn、 CO2和Hg浓度平均值分别是4.61 ppm、 4.81 k Bqm-3、 0.38%和9 ngm-3; 土壤气Rn和CO2的通量平均值分别是6718 Bqm-2d-1和49.83 gm-2d-1; ② 土壤气Rn和CO2在两个测区脱气强烈, 羊窖沟地区土壤气CO2、 Rn和Hg浓度平均值以及土壤气Rn和CO2通量值较张家窑地区高。 这些结果可能是两个测区断裂活动性差异引起的。 相似文献
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本文通过氡射气性能的压力实验,氡射气分配系数实验和岩石的溶滤实验等,对地下水氡及其它地震地球化学前兆机理进行了探讨。实验表明:氡射气的最高值发生在岩石严重破裂时;岩石射气性能高低与其本身的铀含量成正比;岩石在压力作用下射出的氡气在水中的分配大于在气相中的分配;岩石在饱和CO_2水中和压力作用下的溶滤程度要比在纯蒸馏水中和常压下大得多。因此,地震前地下水氡浓度和水中离子组分和气体组分会出现异常变化,而这种变化既与应力作用有关,又与地球内部水-气-岩系统在地震孕育过程中的物理化学作用有关 相似文献