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1.
有害藻华对海水养殖、人类健康和生态安全构成威胁,已成为全球性的生态灾害.近20年来,米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)、东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)等甲藻形成的有害藻华在东海海域连年暴发,其频率高、危害大,形成及演变机理复杂,对藻华原因种进行监测是开展有害藻华预警和防控的...  相似文献   

2.
东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)是我国东海海域的典型赤潮藻种,其在水体中通常呈垂直非均匀分布,并存在季节性和日内的垂直迁移现象。本文通过量化垂直迁移过程中东海原甲藻的分布状态,利用Hydrolight软件数值模拟各状态下的水体反射光谱,研究其光谱特征和变化规律。利用叶绿素浓度高斯垂向模型表征东海原甲藻在水体中的垂直分布,结合东海近岸海域二类水体的生物光学模型,模拟得到垂直迁移过程中东海原甲藻赤潮水体的反射光谱。对比分析叶绿素浓度垂向分布参数(背景叶绿素浓度、甲藻主体水层厚度、水体总生物量和叶绿素浓度峰值深度)对水体反射光谱的影响。研究结果表明,在东海原甲藻从次表层向表层垂直向上迁移过程中,水体反射光谱数值在蓝绿波段(400—570nm)减小,在黄红波段(570—720nm)增大,特别是在叶绿素荧光效应波段(680nm)处的变化尤为明显。  相似文献   

3.
Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and alkenones were analyzed in sediment samples retrieved from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1241 covering the last 150000 years to understand the hydrological evolution of the eastern Pacific warm pool (EPWP). GDGT and alkenone concentrations showed higher values in marine isotope stage (MIS)-2 and MIS-6, which suggests the enhancement of primary production at glacial maxima. $ {\text{TEX}}_{86}^{\text{H}} $ - and $ U_{ 3 7^\prime }^{\text{K}} $ -derived temperature depicted different temperature evolutions. $ U_{ 3 7^\prime }^{\text{K}} $ -derived temperature was marked by small variation during the glacial–interglacial cycles, whereas $ {\text{TEX}}_{86}^{\text{H}} $ -derived temperature showed pronounced glacial–interglacial variation that was similar to Mg/Ca-derived temperature records from nearby cores in the EPWP. Given that enhanced primary production during glacial maxima suggests nutricline shoaling, unchanged $ U_{ 3 7^\prime }^{\text{K}} $ over glacial–interglacial cycles can be interpreted as the shift of alkenone production depth. $ {\text{TEX}}_{86}^{\text{H}} $ seems not to be influenced by glacial–interglacial changes in nutricline depths, recording an integrated temperature in surface and thermocline water. The shallow nutricline in the EPWP during glacial maxima most likely reflected the intense formation of Antarctic intermediate water.  相似文献   

4.
The mixed layer depth (MLD) front and subduction under seasonal variability are investigated using an idealized ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with simple seasonal forcings. A sharp MLD front develops and subduction occurs at the front from late winter to early spring. The position of the MLD front agrees with the curve where \({\rm D}T_{\rm s}/{\rm D}t = \partial T_{\rm s} /\partial t + {\user2{u}}_{\rm g} \cdot \nabla T_{\rm s} = 0\) is satisfied (t is time, \({\user2{u}}_{\rm g}\) is the upper-ocean geostrophic velocity, \(T_{\rm s}\) is the sea surface temperature (SST), and \(\nabla\) is the horizontal gradient operator), indicating that thick mixed-layer water is subducted there parallel to the SST contour. This is a generalization of the past result that the MLD front coincides with the curve \({\user2{u}}_{\rm g} \cdot \nabla T_{\rm s} = 0\) when the forcing is steady. Irreversible subduction at the MLD front is limited to about 1 month, where the beginning of the irreversible subduction period agrees with the first coincidence of the MLD front and \({\rm D}T_{\rm s}/{\rm D}t =0\) in late winter, and the end of the period roughly corresponds to the disappearance of the MLD front in early spring. Subduction volume at the MLD front during this period is similar to that during 1 year in the steady-forcing model. Since the cooling of the deep mixed-layer water occurs only in winter and SST can not fully catch up with the seasonally varying reference temperature of restoring, the cooling rate of SST is reduced and the zonal gradient of the SST in the northwestern subtropical gyre is a little altered in the seasonal-forcing case. These effects result in slightly lower densities of subducted water and the eastward shift of the MLD front.  相似文献   

5.
利用改性粘土去除藻华生物是目前有害藻华应急处置最常用的方法。本文研究了六种铝盐改性粘土(PAC-MC、PAFC-MC、PAFCs-MC、AC-MC、AS-MC、PAS-MC)对藻华生物球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)、东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)的去除效率,考察了悬浮液pH、改性粘土颗粒表面电位及粒径分布等因子对去除效率的影响。结果显示:不同赤潮生物由于生物特征不同,其去除效率存在较大差异,PAC-MC、PAFC-MC、PAFCs-MC对东海原甲藻有较高的去除效率,但对于球形棕囊藻去除能力较差;AC-MC、AS-MC、PAS-MC对两种藻华生物均有较好的去除效果,但对水体酸碱扰动较大,在pH敏感水域应注意用量;对于同一种改性粘土,提高铝离子含量、增加改性粘土浓度有利于除藻效率的提升;自絮凝程度越低、表面正电性越强(或负电性越弱)、悬浮液pH值越低的改性粘土,除藻能力越强。本研究进一步为改性粘土应急处置有害藻华提供了参考。  相似文献   

6.
To elucidate the sources and transformations of nitrogen in the South China Sea (SCS), the nitrogen isotopic composition of nitrate (\({\updelta }^{ 1 5} {\text{N}}_{{{\text{NO}}_{ 3} }}\)) was measured in seawater samples from the water column of this marginal sea and the adjacent western North Pacific Ocean (WNP). Comparison of the isotopic signatures from these two locations suggests that the main source of nitrogen into the SCS was nitrate that entered from the WNP through the Luzon Strait. Values of \({\updelta }^{ 1 5} {\text{N}}_{{{\text{NO}}_{ 3} }}\) were generally lower in the SCS than in the WNP, and the \({\updelta }^{ 1 5} {\text{N}}_{{{\text{NO}}_{ 3} }}\) maximum observed in the SCS intermediate water was lower than the corresponding WNP maximum. This pattern is attributed to mixing within the SCS in combination with the outflow of SCS intermediate water to the WNP. A mass balance model indicates that atmospherically derived N (a combined input of new nitrogen from marine N2 fixation and atmospheric deposition) supplied approximately 6% of the particulate nitrogen exported from the euphotic zone to the deep SCS. This supply of isotopically light nitrogen cannot, however, explain the low and downward-decreasing δ15N that has been previously observed in sinking particles of the deep SCS. We propose that an alternative explanation might be a downward-increasing ratio of isotopically light NH4 +-N to organic N due to the degradation of organic N within the sinking particles (i.e., relative enrichment of the NH4 +) and also particle incorporation of excreted ammonium from zooplankton.  相似文献   

7.
The \textU\textK￠37 {\text{U}}^{{{\text{K}}\prime}}_{{37}} index has been widely applied for sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction in open ocean environments, but has inherently limited applications at smaller, regional scales including some marginal seas where both historical and reconstructed SST records are urgently needed for understanding regional climate evolution. We determined the spatial distribution of alkenone contents in surface sediments from the southern Yellow Sea to assess the regional \textU37\textK￠ {\text{U}}_{{{37}}}^{{{\text{K'}}}} —SST relationship for paleo-SST reconstructions. C37:2 and C37:3 alkenones were detected at all 36 sites covering most of the southern Yellow Sea. Alkenone content ranges from 17 to 1,063 ng/g, with high values (ca. 400 to 1,000 ng/g) at deep water sites and a decreasing trend shoreward. For six samples at shallower depths near the coast and further offshore, the values were too low for statistical evaluation. This spatial pattern of alkenone contents is consistent with existing knowledge on the spatial distribution and productivity of alkenone-producing coccolithophorid species in the region. There is a significant positive relationship ( \textU37\textK￠ = 0.059\textSST - 0.350 {\text{U}}_{{{37}}}^{{{\text{K'}}}} = 0.059{\text{SST}} - 0.350 , R = 0.912, n = 30) between the \textU37\textK￠ {\text{U}}_{{{37}}}^{{{\text{K'}}}} values and satellite-derived annual mean SSTs (0 m) for the last 27 years, providing support for the application of a region-specific \textU37\textK￠ {\text{U}}_{{{37}}}^{{{\text{K'}}}} index as paleothermometer in the southern Yellow Sea. However, the slope of the southern Yellow Sea calibration (0.059) is considerably larger than that of the well-known global core-top calibration (0.033). This implies that global SST trends may not adequately encompass regional SST patterns and/or that environmental factors other than temperature may gain importance in explaining coccolithophore dynamics in marginal seas.  相似文献   

8.
We investigated the spatial distribution of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), alkenones, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in particulate organic matter collected at four sites along a depth transect from the continental shelf to the Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea during the spring bloom in 2008. The maximum alkenone concentration appeared in the top 25?m at all sites and the $ U_{37}^{{{\text{K}}'}} $ values were consistent with in situ water temperatures in the depth interval, suggesting that the alkenones were produced mainly in surface water. At the slope and shelf sites, GDGTs in the water column showed a concentration maximum at 74?C99?m depth, and the $ {\text{TEX}}_{86}^{\text{H}} $ agreed with in situ water temperatures, suggesting the in situ production of GDGTs in the depth interval. The low-salinity surface water above 20?m depth was characterized by low GDGT concentrations and low $ {\text{TEX}}_{86}^{\text{L}} $ -based temperatures, suggesting either the production of GDGTs in winter season or the lateral advection of GDGTs by an eastward current. At the slope and Okinawa Trough sites, TEX86-based temperatures were nearly constant in the water column deeper than 300?m and corresponded to temperatures at the surface and near-surface waters rather than in situ temperatures. This observation is consistent with a hypothesis that Thaumarchaeota cells produced in surface waters are delivered to deeper water and also indicates that the residence time of suspended GDGTs in the deep-water column is large enough to mix the GDGTs produced in different seasons.  相似文献   

9.
桂山岛海域甲藻孢囊的分布与浮游植物休眠体萌发研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
康伟  王朝晖 《海洋科学》2016,40(7):33-40
为了了解珠江口桂山岛海域甲藻孢囊的分布及浮游植物休眠体的萌发状况,以揭示赤潮发生潜势,于2009年1月采集了珠江口桂山岛海域表层沉积物样品,对沉积物中甲藻孢囊的种类和数量进行分析,并对浮游植物休眠体进行了萌发试验。结果表明,桂山岛海域甲藻孢囊有21种,原多甲藻类孢囊在种类数上占优势。甲藻孢囊密度较低,为110~315个/g,平均为202个/g,养殖区密度高于非养殖区。异养型甲藻孢囊百分比含量较高,表明了该海域较高的富营养化程度。活体孢囊密度百分比达61.8%,说明表层沉积物中存在大量未萌发的活性孢囊,为赤潮暴发埋下了隐患。萌发的浮游植物种类数较少,为19属22种。20 d和40 d萌发的浮游植物细胞平均密度分别为490个/g和264个/g。萌发的甲藻优势种为Biecheleriopsis adriatica,其次为锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea);萌发的硅藻主要以中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvistus)和舟形藻(Navicula sp.)占优势。桂山岛海域有毒有害甲藻孢囊的广泛分布以及潜在赤潮种类的大量萌发,表明该海域有较高的赤潮发生风险。  相似文献   

10.
本文主要探究了东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)与三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)之间的他感作用。在实验室模拟条件下,分别研究了添加比例为10%、40%、60%、90%、100%的三角褐指藻无藻细胞滤液的培养基对东海原甲藻生长的影响,以及相同比例的东海原甲藻无藻细胞滤液培养基对三角褐指藻生长的影响。结果表明,低浓度三角褐指藻滤液对东海原甲藻(P.donghaiense)的生长表现为促进作用,高浓度则抑制其生长,因此,不同浓度的三角褐指藻藻液对东海原甲藻生长表现出两种相反的他感作用效果;而东海原甲藻滤液对三角褐指藻(P.tricornutum)的生长没有显著影响,说明东海原甲藻并未对三角褐指藻表现出他感作用。  相似文献   

11.
The distribution of the fugacity of CO2 ( $ f_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} $ ) and air–sea CO2 exchange were comprehensively investigated in the outer estuary to offshore shallow water region (lying adjacent to the Sundarban mangrove forest) covering an area of ~2,000 km2 in the northern Bay of Bengal during the winter. A total of ten sampling surveys were conducted between 1 December, 2011 and 21 February, 2012. Physico-chemical variables like sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, pH, total alkalinity (TAlk), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and in vivo chlorophyll-a along with atmospheric variables were measured in order to study their role in controlling the CO2 flux. Surface water $ f_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} $ ranged between 111 and 459 μatm which correlated significantly with the SST (r = 0.71, p < 0.001, n = 62). Neither DIC nor TAlk showed any linear relationship with varying salinity in the estuarine mixing zone, demonstrating the significant presence of non-carbonate alkalinity. An overall net biological control on the surface $ f_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} $ distribution was established during the study, although no significant correlation was found between chlorophyll-a and $ f_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} $ (water). The shallow water region studied was mostly under-saturated with CO2 and acted as a sink for atmospheric CO2. The difference between surface water and atmospheric $ f_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} $ ( $ \Updelta f_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} $ ) ranged from ?274 to 69 μatm, with an average seaward flux of ?10.5 ± 12.6 μmol m?2 h?1. The $ \Updelta f_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} $ and hence the air–sea CO2 exchange was primarily regulated by the variation in sea surface $ f_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} $ , since atmospheric $ f_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} $ varied over a comparatively narrow range of 361.23–399.05 μatm.  相似文献   

12.
采用单养和混养的方法,在实验条件下研究了东海原甲藻对中华哲水蚤摄食和消化酶活性的影响.结果表明:(1)中华哲水蚤对东海原甲藻存在一定摄食行为,藻类密度对摄食率有明显的影响.实验密度下,中华哲水蚤对东海原甲藻的最大摄食率为930cells/(ind·h).滤水率随着藻密度的增加而呈单一性的下降;(2)混养条件下,中华哲水蚤对金藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率均较单养时下降,滤水率的变化与摄食率相似;(3)不同藻密度下,昆布多糖酶活性都明显高于麦芽糖酶和纤维二糖酶的活性,而麦芽糖酶活性又稍高于纤维二糖酶的活性.与金藻相比,东海原甲藻实验组中华哲水蚤3种消化酶活性明显升高(P<0.05).  相似文献   

13.
海洋浮游植物群落结构的改变与营养盐结构有关,不同形态氮可能会影响优势种生长从而改变浮游植物群落结构。本文针对莱州湾硅藻向甲藻潜在的种群演替问题,通过船基围隔生态系现场氮加富培养实验,研究NO3-N、NH4-N、陆源有机氮(DONts)和藻源有机氮(DONss)对海洋浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明,在NO3-N、NH4-N和DONts加富培养条件下,舟形藻(Navicula spp.,优势度60.4%)、丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicusm,56.6%)和密连角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus,57.4%)等硅藻是优势种,在DONss加富培养条件下,春膝沟藻(Gonyaulax verior,60.2%)等甲藻为优势种,说明硅藻主要吸收无机态营养盐成为优势种,而甲藻能够吸收DON成为优势藻。动力学过程分析发现,春膝沟藻(G.verior)等甲藻可以直接吸收利用DONss,而DONts可能是通过矿化转化为无机氮,再被密连角毛藻(C.densus)等硅藻吸收与利用。本文研究成果,有助于对硅藻向甲藻演替的营养盐动力学控制机制的认识。  相似文献   

14.
船舶压舱水可引起外来生物入侵，国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization, IMO)因此制定了具有约束力的压舱水公约，已于2019年1月对我国正式生效。大量研究证明船舶压舱泥是有害藻华种类特别是有害甲藻孢囊的携带者。另一方面，有害藻华在我国近三十年频发，尤其是新的种类不断出现。因此，这种态势是否与压舱泥带来的外来种入侵有关是一个具有重要科学和现实意义的问题。我们最近的工作表明，此前国内外通过形态学方法对压舱泥的检测都大大地低估了甲藻孢囊的种类多样性和样品间种类组成的异质性。因此，必须通过更深入全面的实证研究对外源有害藻华甲藻通过压舱泥入侵我国海域进行风险评估。本文从如下几个方面进行了综述与讨论：(1) 船舶压舱水(泥)与有害藻华地理扩散；(2) 国内外有关压舱泥中甲藻孢囊多样性的检测与溯源研究；(3) 我们对美国港口船舶压舱泥的检测发现压舱泥中甲藻孢囊具有很高的种类多样性和样品间的异质性。最后从我们最近的工作及与文献报道的工作比较获得了几个重要的科学问题。在评述国内外研究成果和前期研究结果基础上，提出有必要通过更大量、广泛的国际船舶压舱泥和中国全海域沉积物取样、高通量测序的分子鉴定与形态观察、单孢囊分子-形态鉴定、孢囊萌发、全面生信分析相结合的技术路线，实证性地评估有害藻华种类通过压舱泥入侵中国的风险，并以此建立对新出现藻华种类溯源或判断是否外来种入侵的基本依据，同时为海关职能部门的检验执法提供依据。  相似文献   

15.
近年来,东海原甲藻赤潮在我国东海近岸海域频繁发生。本研究利用生物-物理耦合模型对发生于2005年的东海原甲藻赤潮进行后报模拟,并对控制其起始与发展的因素展开研究。该模型由东海原甲藻种群动力学模型与多层嵌套的水动力模型组合。通过对比模拟结果与室内实验结果,证实种群动力学模型能够很好地重现东海原甲藻在不同光照与磷营养限制条件下的生长过程,同时能够再现藻细胞内部磷含量及藻类对外部营养盐浓度的影响。耦合模型能够较好地再现模拟海域水动力（见Sun et al.,2016）与东海原甲藻赤潮的时空分布。模拟的赤潮发展过程与此前研究中的观测结果一致,且模拟结果表明模型能够捕捉到赤潮初期种群的次表层孕育现象。随后模拟结果被用于诊断决定赤潮垂直分布的决定性因素,结果表明磷酸盐是控制这一现象的关键因素。同时,表层风场在决定赤潮的分布中扮演着重要角色。模拟结果强调了营养盐限制在东海原甲藻次表层孕育及消散过程中的作用,本文所建立的耦合模型需要进一步优化并应用于其它条件下东海原甲藻赤潮的研究中。  相似文献   

16.
为研究剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)与东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)之间的化感作用,在f/2营养盐条件下,分别采用了混合培养及滤液培养的方法。结果表明:剧毒卡尔藻指数生长后期的无藻细胞滤液明显抑制了东海原甲藻的生长,而东海原甲藻滤液对剧毒卡尔藻的生长几乎无影响,化感作用作为重要的影响因素使剧毒卡尔藻获得竞争优势。将剧毒卡尔藻指数生长末期的无藻细胞滤液置于固相萃取(SPE) C18小柱,经吸附、不同比例的甲醇溶液洗脱,考察不同洗脱部分对东海原甲藻生长的影响,发现80%的甲醇洗脱部分明显抑制了东海原甲藻的生长。本研究为了解剧毒卡尔藻的竞争机制提供了重要的科学依据,今后将重点分析剧毒卡尔藻释放的有效抑制东海原甲藻生长的化感物质。  相似文献   

17.
长江口海域春季浮游植物的年际变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
林梅  李扬 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(2):303-311
于2014年5月在长江口海域采集海水样品,分析了浮游植物种类组成、细胞丰度、优势种等群落结构特征。共鉴定浮游植物105种,其中硅藻30属56种,甲藻19属41种,以及隶属于金藻、蓝藻等的8个种。浮游硅藻以近岸半咸水种为主,优势种类是中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum);浮游甲藻以沿岸广布种为主,典型代表是东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)。为了更好地了解长江口海域浮游植物的年际变化趋势,本文收集整理了该海域1986—2014年间的春季数据,分析了浮游硅藻、浮游甲藻主要群落特征的年际变化,以及浮游硅藻优势种类细胞粒径的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)浮游硅藻、浮游甲藻的种类数均呈现不同程度的上升趋势,浮游甲藻的上升幅度更为明显;(2)浮游甲藻种类数在浮游植物种类数中的占有比例呈上升趋势,而浮游硅藻所占比例呈下降趋势;(3)浮游硅藻优势种类的细胞粒径呈现小型化趋势。  相似文献   

18.
This study presents sand activation depth (SAD) measurements recently obtained on two contrasting beaches located along the Atlantic coast of France: the gently sloping, high-energy St Trojan beach where wave incidence is usually weak, and the steep, low-energy Arçay Sandspit beach where waves break at highly oblique angles. Comparisons between field measurements and predictions from existing formulae show good agreement for St Trojan beach but underestimate the SAD on the Arçay Sandspit beach by 40–60%. Such differences suggest a strong influence of wave obliquity on SAD. To verify this hypothesis, the relative influence of wave parameters was investigated by means of numerical modelling. A quasi-linear increase of SAD with wave height was confirmed for shore-normal and slightly oblique wave conditions, and a quasi-linear increase in SAD with wave obliquity was also revealed. Combining the numerical results with previously published relations, both a new semi-empirical and an empirical formula for the prediction of SAD were developed which showed good SAD predictions under conditions of oblique wave breaking. The new empirical formula for the prediction of SAD (Z 0) takes into account the significant wave height (H s), the beach face slope (β) and the wave angle at breaking (α), and is of the form $ Z_{0} = 1.6\tan {\left( \beta \right)}H^{{0.5}}_{{\text{s}}} {\sqrt {1 + \sin {\left( {2\alpha } \right)}} } This study presents sand activation depth (SAD) measurements recently obtained on two contrasting beaches located along the Atlantic coast of France: the gently sloping, high-energy St Trojan beach where wave incidence is usually weak, and the steep, low-energy Ar?ay Sandspit beach where waves break at highly oblique angles. Comparisons between field measurements and predictions from existing formulae show good agreement for St Trojan beach but underestimate the SAD on the Ar?ay Sandspit beach by 40–60%. Such differences suggest a strong influence of wave obliquity on SAD. To verify this hypothesis, the relative influence of wave parameters was investigated by means of numerical modelling. A quasi-linear increase of SAD with wave height was confirmed for shore-normal and slightly oblique wave conditions, and a quasi-linear increase in SAD with wave obliquity was also revealed. Combining the numerical results with previously published relations, both a new semi-empirical and an empirical formula for the prediction of SAD were developed which showed good SAD predictions under conditions of oblique wave breaking. The new empirical formula for the prediction of SAD (Z 0) takes into account the significant wave height (H s), the beach face slope (β) and the wave angle at breaking (α), and is of the form . The use of a dataset from the literature demonstrates the predictive skill of these new formulae for a wide range of wave heights, wave incidence and beach gradients.  相似文献   

19.
郑珊  孙晓霞  孙松 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(3):445-450
采用饵料浓度差减法,在实验条件下研究了不同细胞密度的中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻对海月水母水螅体、碟状体和水母体摄食活动的影响。结果表明,不同种类和密度的微藻细胞密度对水螅体、碟状体和水母体的摄食有显著影响。在实验的藻细胞密度范围内,随藻细胞密度的增加,水螅体和碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率一直升高。水螅体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率均发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为4623cells/(ind.h)和4118cells/(ind.h)。碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率也是发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为174671cells/(ind.h)和47218cells/(ind.h)。清滤率随着藻细胞密度增加而降低。在相似细胞密度下,碟状体对中肋骨条藻的摄食率高于东海原甲藻。水螅体和碟状体对同种藻的摄食情况不同,在相似藻细胞密度下,碟状体的摄食率比水螅体高。经过藻类饵料适应处理的水螅体对藻类的摄食率会有显著增加,约为未经饵料适应处理的10倍。水母体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻未发生摄食。  相似文献   

20.
Weller??s allometric model assumes that the allometric relationships of mean area occupied by a tree $ \bar{s} $ , i.e., the reciprocal of population density $ \rho $ , $ \bar{s}\left( { = {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\rho = g_{\varphi } \cdot \bar{w}^{\varphi } }}} \right. \kern-0em} {\rho = g_{\varphi } \cdot \bar{w}^{\varphi } }}} \right) $ , mean tree height $ \bar{H}\left( { = g_{\theta } \cdot \bar{w}^{\theta } } \right) $ , and mean aboveground mass density $ \bar{d}\left( { = g_{\delta } \cdot \bar{w}^{\delta } } \right) $ to mean aboveground mass $ \bar{w} $ hold. Using the model, the self-thinning line $ \left( {\bar{w} = K \cdot \rho^{ - \alpha } } \right) $ of overcrowded Kandelia obovata stands in Okinawa, Japan, was studied over 8?years. Mean tree height increased with increasing $ \bar{w} $ . The values of the allometric constant $ \theta $ and the multiplying factor $ g_{\theta } $ are 0.3857 and 2.157?m?kg???, respectively. The allometric constant $ \delta $ and the multiplying factor $ g_{\delta } $ are ?0.01673 and 2.685?m?3?kg1???, respectively. The $ \delta $ value was not significantly different from zero, showing that $ \bar{d} $ remains constant regardless of any increase in $ \bar{w} $ . The average of $ \bar{d} $ , i.e., biomass density $ \left( {{{\bar{w} \cdot \rho } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar{w} \cdot \rho } {\bar{H}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {\bar{H}}}} \right) $ , was 2.641?±?0.022?kg?m?3, which was considerably higher than 1.3?C1.5?kg?m?3 of most terrestrial forests. The self-thinning exponent $ \alpha \left( { = {1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\varphi = }}} \right. \kern-0em} {\varphi = }}{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {\left\{ {1 - \left( {\theta + \delta } \right)} \right\}}}} \right. \kern-0em} {\left\{ {1 - \left( {\theta + \delta } \right)} \right\}}}} \right) $ and the multiplying factor $ K\left( { = \left( {g_{\theta } \cdot g_{\delta } } \right)^{\alpha } } \right) $ were estimated to be 1.585 and 16.18?kg?m?2??, respectively. The estimators $ \theta $ and $ \delta $ are dependent on each other. Therefore, the observed value of $ \theta + \delta $ cannot be used for the test of the hypothesis that the expectation of the estimator $ \theta + \delta $ equals 1/3, i.e., $ \alpha = {3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2} $ , or 1/4, i.e., $ \alpha = {4 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {4 3}} \right. \kern-0em} 3} $ . The $ \varphi $ value was 0.6310, which is the same as the reciprocal of the self-thinning exponent of 1.585, and was not significantly different from 2/3 (t?=?1.860, df?=?191, p?=?0.06429), i.e., $ \alpha = {3 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {3 2}} \right. \kern-0em} 2} $ . Thus the self-thinning exponent is not significantly different from 3/2 based on the simple geometric model. On the other hand, the self-thinning exponent was significantly different from 3/4 (t?=?6.213, df?=?191, p?=?3.182?×?10?9), i.e., $ \alpha = {4 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {4 3}} \right. \kern-0em} 3} $ . Therefore, the self-thinning exponent is significantly different from 4/3 based on the metabolic model.  相似文献   

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