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1.
Subsea pipelines are important facilities in offshore oil and gas industry to transport High-Pressure and High-Temperature (HPHT) hydrocarbon. They are often exerted by cyclic thermal loading through the whole operational life, which may trigger asymmetry in the effective axial force (EAF) profile, leading to a global axial movement, defined as ‘pipeline walking’. It may cause the downtime and structural risks, since this directional accumulation in axial movement results in the overstressing of end connection, loss of tension in a steel catenary riser (SCR) and other issues in the field, therefore subsea pipeline design requires a reliable estimate of the global pipeline walking rate. Current design methods adopt a constant soil friction coefficient and ignore variations in soil-pipeline interaction with time during the heating up and cooling down processes. In reality, the overlooked changing soil friction is important, and may alter the pipeline walking behaviours. To achieve an accurate assessment of pipeline walking, this paper advances the conventional design practice, by introducing a time-dependent axial soil friction function, to examine the pipeline walking behaviour over the operational thermal cycles. A suite of time-dependent matrixes is provided to reveal the development of the expansion/contraction of the pipeline, the corresponding mobilised soil frictions and the EAF profile. The significant nonlinear EAF profile in response to the time-dependent soil friction is examined, and is used to well assess the accumulation in pipeline walking rate. The proposed analytical framework is applied into case studies to demonstrate its validity and applicability in practice. 相似文献
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考虑波-管-土耦合作用的海底管道在位稳定性分析方法 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以水动力加载试验得到的描述管道在位稳定性的波浪环境参数、管道参数和海床土性参数之间的无量纲耦合关系为基础,提出了一种考虑波-管-土动力耦合作用的海底管道在位稳定性分析方法,并通过算例与挪威船级社推荐的DnV设计规范进行了比较分析。分析表明,考虑波-管-土耦合作用的管道稳定性分析方法与DnV管道设计规范有很好的可比性．而且物理机理更清晰,可为管道稳定性设计提供有益的参考。 相似文献
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Stability design of submarine pipelines is a very important procedure in submarine pipeline engineering design. The calculation of hydrodynamic forces caused by waves and currents acting on marine pipelines is an essential step in pipeline design for stability. The hydrodynamic forces-induced instabilities of submarine pipelines should be regarded as a wave/ current-pipeline-seabed interaction problem. This paper presents a review on hydrodynamic forces and stability research of submarine pipelines under waves and currents. The representative progress including the improved design method and guideline has been made for the marine pipelines engineering design through experimental investigations, numerical simulations and analytical models. Finally, further studies on this issue are suggested. 相似文献
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海底管道管跨段在内外流体作用下的竖向动力特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据在复杂的海洋环境条件下,管道的动力特性受到内外流体的综合作用影响,呈现与陆地管道不同的特点。研究了结构受到外界流体所产生的涡激作用,同时考虑管内恒定流的影响,利用有限元方法对海底管道管跨段竖向振动的微分方程进行求解。在此基础上得出了管跨段在不同外流流速情况下,内流流速与结构动力响应幅值的关系及其对管跨段振动频率的影响,并进一步探讨了管跨失稳时的极限管内流速与跨长的关系,这些结论对于海底管道设计具有一定实际指导意义。 相似文献
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The winding and unwinding of a pipeline onto a large diameter reel as practiced in the reeling installation method, induces bending strains of 1–3% followed by straightening, and reverse bending. The operator must ensure that such plastic deformations are sustained free of local buckling or rupture in the line. Such failures are for example precipitated by pipeline discontinuities in wall thickness and yield stress as they act as stress risers, lead to localized deformations severe enough to result in local buckling. The effect of such discontinuities is studied using a large-scale nonlinear finite element model that simulates the reeling/unreeling of a pipeline. Nonlinear kinematic hardening is used to capture the elasto-plastic behavior of the material imposed by the bending/reverse bending history. Discontinuities in wall thickness and yield stress are shown to result in sharp local changes in curvature that extend over 3–4 pipe diameters accompanied by severe local straining and ovalization. The extent of the disturbance is governed by the bending strain imposed by the ratio of pipe to reel diameter. It can be reduced by an increase in the applied tension but at the expense of additional ovalization of the pipeline. It can also be reduced by increasing the pipe wall thickness but with the consequent increase in costs. A parametric study of the effect of such discontinuities demonstrates that for some combinations of process parameters, the disturbance can lead to local buckling either during winding or unwinding. It is concluded that a modeling framework such as the one presented should be used to generate a design protocol for reel-installed pipelines. 相似文献
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海底管线是海洋石油的重要输运手段。为满足输送工艺的需要,正常工作条件下管线往往被施加较高的温度和压强,高温高压使管线内产生附加应力,当附加应力大于土体对管线的约束力时,管线就会发生整体屈曲。过度的水平向整体屈曲会导致截面产生较大的弯曲应力和压缩应变,对管线系统的安全运行造成威胁,因此需要对发生水平向整体屈曲后的管线进行验算。采用解析解法、规范法和有限元法对管线的整体屈曲进行分析,提出了应用临界屈曲荷载值域空间和值域下限来判断不同缺陷大小下管线是否发生水平向整体屈曲的方法。结合工程实例,分别采用内力控制标准和位移控制标准对管线水平向整体屈曲后是否失效进行了验算。研究指出,相较于位移标准,内力控制标准更为严格。 相似文献
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Local scour below a vibrating pipeline under steady current is investigated by a finite element numerical model. The flow, sediment transport and pipeline response are coupled in the numerical model. The numerical results of scour depths and pipeline vibration amplitudes are compared with measured data available in literature. Good agreement is obtained. It is found that pipeline vibrations cause increases of scour depth below the pipeline. The scour pit underneath a two-degree-of-freedom vibrating pipeline is deeper than that under a pipeline vibrating only in the transverse flow direction. The effects of water depth are also investigated. The present numerical result shows that water depth has weak effect on the scour depth. However it does affect the time scale of the scour. The shallower the water depth is, the less time it requires to reaches the equilibrium state of scour. It is found that the vibration forces vortices to be shed from the bottom side of the pipeline. Then vortex shedding around a vibrating pipeline is closer to the seabed than vortex shedding around a fixed pipeline. This contributes to the increase of the scour depth. 相似文献
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在滩海油田首次进行海底注水管道的铺设、受其结构等因素的影响,其施工工艺及技术性远比海底输出管道更复杂,难度更大。本文介绍了滩海油田海底注水管道的施工工艺,并对接口内防腐技术,底拖法海管拖运技术、海上接口技术及立管吊装技术做了详细的阐述。 相似文献
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Pipeline spans may occur due to natural seabed irregularities or local scour of bed sediment. The pure in-line (IL) vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) analysis of the free spans is an important subject for design of pipeline in uneven seabed. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of pure IL VIV of a free spanning pipeline under general boundary conditions. An IL wake oscillator model which can describe the coupling of pipeline structure and fluctuating drag is introduced and employed. The coupled partial differential equations of structure and wake are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using two-mode Galerkin method. Some case studies are presented and thoroughly discussed in order to investigate the effects of internal fluid, axial force and boundary conditions on the pure IL VIV. 相似文献
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采用当地海床的天然粉沙进行试验床面的设计,对海底管道在实际海床受到的极限波浪和最大水流作用进行试验,在管道上方铺设混凝土联锁排,对联锁排块体稳定性和其对管道防护的有效性进行研究。通过物理模型试验,研究了在极限波浪和最大水流作用下,管道在粉沙床面最大冲刷深度。通过不同水深中波流条件下研究了混凝土联锁排防护效果及其周围床面的冲刷变化,观测了联锁排的稳定性。试验结果表明:按半经验半理论简化公式得出的联锁排厚度能满足稳定性的要求,比水利部规范计算的联锁排厚度偏大的公式更加适合应用,试验期间混凝土联锁排的排面稳定,能有效保护管道,在该防护下管道没有冲刷,只在联锁排上下游与床面接触的来流段和尾端有冲刷,但该冲刷深度不影响联锁排整体的稳定性。 相似文献
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This paper describes a new framework for detection and tracking of underwater pipeline,which includes software system and hardware system.It is designed for vision system of AUV based on monocular CCD camera.First,the real-time data flow from image capture card is pre-processed and pipeline features are extracted for navigation.The region saturation degree is advanced to remove false edge point group after Sobel operation.An appropriate way is proposed to clear the disturbance around the peak point in the process of Hough transform.Second,the continuity of pipeline layout is taken into account to improve the efficiency of line extraction.Once the line information has been obtained,the reference zone is predicted by Kalman filter.It denotes the possible appearance position of the pipeline in the image.Kalman filter is used to estimate this position in next frame so that the information of pipeline of each frame can be known in advance.Results obtained on real optic vision data in tank experiment are displayed and discussed.They show that the proposed system can detect and track the underwater pipeline online,and is effective and feasible. 相似文献
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海洋工程船舶管线隔振支座布局直接影响到管线整体的结构性能和经济性。在船舶管线隔振支座布局优化规范设计法的基础上,进一步提出了隔振支座布局几何优化设计模型与方法。该方法假定支座总数目,采用迭代优化算法求解,通过确定各支座的几何位置坐标实现布局优化。该迭代算法依据约束条件的满足情况及变步长的临界间距值来确定支座数量的减少与增加,最终得到较优的支座数目及间距。以应用于某舰艇的二维管道为例,用该方法对其隔振支座布局进行优化设计,并将不同目标函数下的优化结果同规范设计法所得结果进行了对比。比较结果表明,该模型与方法具有较好的可行性与稳定性。 相似文献
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为探索海底管道在锚击作用下的损伤规律,通过海底管道损伤试验和数值模拟,研究了坠物质量、坠落高度和坠物形状对海底管道机械损伤的影响,并结合试验结果修正了Ellinas-Wallker公式。研究结果表明:管道的凹陷损伤随坠物质量和坠落高度的增大而变大;在相同质量的立方体、球体和模型锚三种形状坠物作用下,球体坠物对管道的损伤最严重;EllinasWallker公式计算结果偏于保守,修正后计算结果与试验和数值模拟结果吻合良好。研究结果可以为海底管道的工程设计及应用提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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以往的海底管道落锚撞击防护数值模拟主要为单一保护层模型,这里则针对块石+混凝土排垫复合方案建立模型并开展防护性能研究。基于ABAQUS建立有限元数值模型,模拟了落锚、海底管道、海床土体、块石层和混凝土排垫组成的复杂系统相互作用,研究了管道壁厚、内压,落锚质量和撞击速度等因素对管道应变极值和管体凹陷变形的影响。与单纯块石层保护方案相比,采用的块石+混凝土排垫方案具有更优良的防护效果。研究结果表明：在撞击点处,管道的轴向应变和环向应变均达到最大值,且随着与撞击点距离的增加沿管道轴向逐渐减小;撞击结束后,管道上仍然残留一定的塑性应变。随着管道壁厚的增加,管道的最大应变和凹陷深度也随之减小;随着内压的增加,管道上最大拉伸应变变大,而最大压缩应变和凹陷深度减小。随着落锚速度或者质量的增加,管道上最大应变和凹痕深度均变大;在相同动能情况下,管道上的最大应变和凹陷值基本相同,也表明落锚动能是影响管道变形响应的控制因素。本文研究成果可为海底管道防护方案设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
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海底管道出露悬空环境风险的定量评价研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底管道是海洋油气输送的主要方式,其运行状况直接关系到海上油气田的安全和海洋生态环境的质量。本文先以海底管道出露悬空作为故障树的顶事件,分析出海洋环境中各项基本事件,构建针对海洋环境的海底管道故障树模型;再以灰色模糊识别为理论基础,量化对海底管道安全有影响的海洋环境因素,并以层次分析法对每个风险因素进行分级赋权,确定评价指标范围和权重,进而构建海洋环境条件的海底管道风险评价体系。利用该体系对平湖油气田海底管道4个区段进行环境风险评价,避免了将整段管道一同评价导致的信息均等化,评价结果不能真实反映风险等级高的区段的情况;评价结果与管道2014~2016年现场检测数据对比,两者均显示P2分区中海底管道的风险等级较高,说明了该模型具有一定的合理性和实用性。 相似文献
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-Based on the calculation model for the floating laying of the offshore oil pipeline, this paper analyses in detail the internal force, and deformation of the pipeline under a definite structural form (pipeline and buoy) and the way of pulling. The obtained results can be used for the buoy deployment, structure design, and the determination of pulling parameters (the pulling force of the cable and its length, etc.), providing an effective analysis method for floating pipeline-laying. A calculation example is given to show the related calculation process and the main results are analyzed and discussed. 相似文献
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为了探索不同径厚比海底管道的压溃屈曲特性,本文分别采用挪威船级社（Det Norske Veritas,DNV）规范、有限元模拟和深海压力舱模型试验,研究不同径厚比海底管道承载外部水压的能力,并就DNV规范压溃屈曲计算公式对不同径厚比管道的适用性进行了讨论,优化了小径厚比海底管道压溃屈曲的设计方法。研究表明：小径厚比管道的压溃屈曲临界压力对管道径厚比的变化更敏感;DNV规范计算小径厚比管道的压溃屈曲临界压力偏小,在进行深海管道的压溃屈曲设计时,建议采用模型试验结合有限元模拟的方法,计算管道实际可提供的压溃屈曲承载力。 相似文献