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1.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1418-1444
Quaternary volcanic rocks in the Kuandian (KD), Longgang (LG), Changbaishan (CBS), Wangqing (WQ), and Jilin (JL) volcanic centres in eastern Liaoning and southern Jilin provinces contain mantle xenoliths of spinel-facies lherzolites and minor harzburgites. Among the study sites, the KD, LG, and CBS volcanic fields are located on the northeastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), whereas the WQ and JL fields lie on the southern margin of the Xing'an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB). The (Fo) components of olivine (Ol) and Cr# (=Cr/(Cr + Al)) of spinel, together with trace element abundance of clinopyroxene, suggest that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) in the study area has undergone a low degree (4–6%) of partial melting. The rocks do not show modal metasomatism, but clinopyroxene grains in selected samples show elevated large ion lithophile element compositions, suggesting that the mantle xenoliths underwent minor cryptic metasomatism by exchange with a silicate melt. Two-pyroxene thermometry yielded equilibration temperatures ranging from 740°C to 1210°C. The corresponding oxygen fugacity (fO2) was calculated to range from FMQ –2.64 to +0.39 with an average of –0.59 (n?=?53). The oxidation state is comparable to that of abyssal peridotites and the asthenospheric mantle. We failed to discover differences in equilibration temperatures and oxidation state between lherzolites and harzburgites, suggesting that partial melting did not affect fO2 values. In addition, similar fO2 of non-metasomatized and metasomatized samples suggest that metasomatism in the region did not affect fO2. Our data suggest that the present SCLM beneath the northeastern margin of the NCC and the southern margin of the XMOB are very similar and likely formed from a fertile asthenosphere after delamination of an old lithospheric keel below the NCC in response to the west-dipping subduction of the Pacific oceanic plate since early to middle Mesozoic time.  相似文献   

2.
陈曦  郑建平 《地球科学》2009,34(1):203-219
橄榄岩及其中矿物的组成, 特别是单斜辉石的微量元素, 可以很好的揭示岩石圈地幔性质.在对河北阳原新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩捕虏体详细岩相学和矿物化学研究基础上, 重点分析了单斜辉石的激光原位微量元素, 讨论了新生代华北内部山带岩石圈地幔特征及其演化机制.阳原地区陆下岩石圈, 除个别样品的部分熔融程度为15%~20%外, 多数样品<5%, 显示该区的地幔演化是不均一的, 并表现为饱满与难熔-过渡型地幔的交叉并存.这种共存现象可以用软流圈物质对古老地幔进行不均匀侵蚀、改造和置换作用来解释.   相似文献   

3.
Previous studies of samples of subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) that underlay the North China Craton (NCC) during the Paleozoic have documented the presence of thick Archean SCLM at this time. In contrast, samples of SCLM underlying the NCC during the Cenozoic are characterized by evidence for melt depletion during the Proterozoic, and relatively recent juvenile additions to the lithosphere. These observations, coupled with geophysical evidence for relatively thin lithosphere at present, have led to the conclusion that the SCLM underlying the NCC was thinned and modified subsequent to the late Paleozoic. In order to extend the view into both the Paleozoic and modern SCLM underlying the NCC, we examine mantle xenoliths and xenocrystic chromites extracted from three Paleozoic kimberlites (Tieling, Fuxian and Mengyin), and mantle xenoliths extracted from one Cenozoic basaltic center (Kuandian). Geochemical data suggest that most of the Kuandian xenoliths are residues of small degrees of partial melting from chemically primitive mantle. Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic analyses indicate that the samples were removed from long-term depleted SCLM that had later been variably enriched in incompatible elements. Osmium isotopic compositions of the two most refractory xenoliths are depleted relative to the modern convecting upper mantle and have model melt depletion ages that indicate melt depletion during Paleoproterozoic. Other relatively depleted xenoliths have Os isotopic compositions consistent with the modern convecting upper mantle. This observation is generally consistent with earlier data for xenoliths from other Cenozoic volcanic systems in the NCC and surrounding cratons. Thus, the present SCLM underlying the NCC has a complex age structure, but does not appear to retain materials with Archean melt depletion ages. Results for what are presumed to be early Paleozoic xenoliths from Teiling are generally highly depleted in melt components, e.g. have low Al2O3, but have also been metasomatically altered. Enrichment in light rare earth elements, low εNd values (∼−10), and relatively high 87Sr/86Sr (0.707-0.710) are consistent with a past episode of metasomatism. Despite the metasomatic event, 187Os/188Os ratios are low and consistent with a late Archean melt depletion event. Thus, like results for xenoliths from other early Paleozoic volcanic centers within the NCC, these rocks sample dominantly Archean SCLM. The mechanism for lithospheric thinning is still uncertain. The complex age structure currently underlying the NCC requires either variable melt depletion over the entire history of this SCLM, or the present lithospheric material was partly or wholly extruded under the NCC from elsewhere by the plate collisions (collision with the Yangtze Craton and/or NNW subduction of the Pacific plate) that may have caused the thinning to take place.  相似文献   

4.
刘金霖  李怀滨  王建  张云峰 《岩石学报》2021,37(7):2073-2085
在大兴安岭北部的诺敏和科洛地区的新生代玄武岩中发现了尖晶石相的橄榄岩包体。地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Mg~#说明了研究区上地幔具有部分难熔的特点。在橄榄石含量与Fo图解中,有一部分橄榄岩包体落在太古代和元古代的地幔区域,揭示了研究区的岩石圈地幔存在古老岩石圈地幔的残余。研究区方辉橄榄岩与二辉橄榄岩有显示高氧逸度值FMQ+1.95～3.01,这与一般情况下相对还原的古老岩石圈地幔的低氧逸度值形成鲜明对比,可能为古生代的古亚洲洋以及中生代的古太平洋相继俯冲到了兴蒙造山带之下,导致当时岩石圈地幔的氧化所致。在地幔包体的反应边中发现了富钾熔体(K20 1%-6%),这被认为研究区地幔经历了多期富钾流体活动,富钾流体的来源可能与俯冲再循环的壳源物质有关。  相似文献   

5.
橄榄石是地幔橄榄岩和辉石岩的主要组成矿物,但也经常以斑晶和捕虏晶的形式出现在玄武质岩石中。结合近年来在地幔橄榄岩的主要元素（如Mg和Fe）组成特征以及Li、Mg和Fe稳定同位素地球化学方面的研究成果,重点对橄榄石的地球化学特征与华北克拉通岩石圈地幔演化过程之间的联系进行了讨论,旨在加深对华北克拉通岩石圈地幔演化过程的理解。现有研究表明：地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的矿物学特征、元素和同位素地球化学组成能够很好地指示岩石圈地幔的特征及其演化过程,因而具有重要的意义。对于克拉通地区的地幔橄榄岩来说,橄榄石的Mg#通常可以指示岩石圈地幔的属性,古老、难熔的地幔橄榄岩中的橄榄石一般具有较高的Mg#（〉92）,而新生的岩石圈地幔橄榄岩中的橄榄石则具有较低的Mg#（〈91）。因此,地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Mg#在一定程度上具有年龄意义。橄榄岩中橄榄石的Li、Mg和Fe同位素组成也可以明确指示岩石圈地幔的属性及其所经历的演化过程,正常地幔的δ7Li、δ26Mg和δ57Fe组成相对均一,如果上述同位素组成偏离正常地幔值,则说明岩石圈地幔经历了熔体/流体的交代作用。华北克拉通地区地幔橄榄岩捕虏体中橄榄石的Li、Mg和Fe同位素组成研究表明：该区的岩石圈地幔经历了多个阶段、不同来源的熔体/流体的改造过程。  相似文献   

6.
The Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the North China craton remains poorly constrained relative to its Palaeozoic and Cenozoic counterparts due to a lack of mantle xenoliths in volcanic rocks. Available data show that the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle was distinctive in terms of its major, trace element, and isotopic compositions. The recent discovery of mantle peridotitic xenoliths in Late Cretaceous mafic rocks in the Jiaodong region provides an opportunity to further quantify the nature and secular evolution of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the region. These peridotitic xenoliths are all spinel-facies nodules and two groups, high-Mg# and low-Mg# types, can be distinguished based on textural and mineralogical features. High-Mg# peridotites have inequigranular textures, high Mg# (up to 92.2) in olivines, and high Cr# (up to 55) in spinels. Clinopyroxenes in the high-Mg# peridotites are generally LREE-enriched ((La/Yb)N>1) with variable REE concentrations, and have enriched Sr–Nd isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7046–0.7087; 143Nd/144Nd = 0.5121–0.5126). We suggest that the high-Mg# peridotites are fragments of the Archaean and/or Proterozoic lithospheric mantle that underwent extensive interaction with both carbonatitic and silicate melts prior to or during Mesozoic time. The low-Mg# peridotites are equigranular, are typified by low Mg# ( < 90) in olivines, and by low Cr# ( < 12) in spinels. Clinopyroxenes from low-Mg# peridotites have low REE abundances (ΣREE = 12 ppm), LREE-depleted REE patterns ((La/Yb)N < 1), and depleted Sr–Nd isotopic features, in contrast to the high-Mg# peridotites. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the low-Mg# peridotites represent samples from the newly accreted lithospheric mantle. Combined with the data of mantle xenoliths from the Junan and Daxizhuang areas, a highly heterogeneous, secular evolution of the lithosphere is inferred for the region in Late Cretaceous time.  相似文献   

7.
鲁江姑  郑建平 《地质学报》2011,85(3):330-342
内容提要：在对吉林辉南新生代玄武岩中捕虏体橄榄岩详细的岩相学和矿物主量元素研究基础上,重点分析了单斜辉石激光原位微量元素,并讨论了辉南陆下岩石圈地幔的性质及其在华北克拉通破坏过程中的意义。橄榄石、单斜辉石和尖晶石的Mg#和Cr#均表明该区陆下岩石圈地幔主体是饱满的,同时也存在少量过渡和难熔型地幔。单斜辉石REE配分形式包括LREE亏损、倒U字型REE和LREE富集等不同类型。这些橄榄岩是地幔经历不同程度的部分熔融作用(低于10%)和复杂地幔交代作用的产物。交代介质主体是硅酸盐熔体,但个别样品有碳酸岩熔体交代的残留。橄榄石Mg#和平衡温度无相关性,说明辉南陆下岩石圈地幔不存在明显的分层而是交叉的。这些地幔特征和华北东部其他地区新生代的主体地幔性质相似,是熔-岩反应、侵蚀作用和上涌软流圈物质冷却转变置换的综合结果。  相似文献   

8.
Peridotitic sulphide inclusions in diamonds from the central Slave craton constrain the age and origin of their subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) sources. These sulphides align with either a ca. 3.5 Ga (shallow SCLM) or a ca. 3.3 Ga isochron (deep SCLM) on a Re–Os ischron diagram, with variably enriched initial 187Os/188Os. Since some Archaean to recent plume-derived melts carry a subducted crust (eclogite) signature and some cratonic SCLM may have been generated in plumes by extraction of komatiitic liquids, we explain these data by subduction of evolved lithospheric material (shallow SCLM) and melting in a hybrid mantle plume that contains domains of recycled eclogite (deep SCLM), respectively. In upwelling hybrid mantle, eclogite-derived melts react with olivine in surrounding peridotites to form aluminous orthopyroxene, convert peridotite to pyroxenite and confer their crustal isotope signatures. We suggest that it is subsequent to orthopyroxene enrichment of peridotite in an upwelling plume that partial melting of this Al- and Si- enriched source generated komatiites and complementary ultradepleted cratonic mantle residues. Although subduction is needed to explain some cratonic features, melting of a hybrid plume source satisfies several key observations: (1) suprachondritic initial 187Os/188Os in subsets of lithospheric mantle samples and in some coeval Archaean komatiites; (2) variable enrichment of cratonic mantle by high-temperature aluminous orthopyroxene; (3) high Mg# combined with high orthopyroxene content in cratonic mantle due to higher melt productivity of an Al- and Si-richer source; (4) variable orthopyroxene enrichment possibly linked to varying mantle potential temperatures (Tp), plume buoyancy and resultant eclogite load and/or variable availability of subducted material in the source; and (5) absence of younger analogues due to a secular decrease in Tp. Most importantly, this model also alleviates a mass balance problem, because it predicts a hybrid mantle source with variably higher SiO2 and Al2O3 than primitive mantle, and, contrary to a primitive mantle source, is able to reconcile compositions of komatiites and complementary cratonic mantle residues.  相似文献   

9.
Interaction between basaltic melts and peridotites has played an important role in modifying the lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle during magma genesis in a number of tectonic settings. Compositions of basaltic melts vary considerably and may play an important role in controlling the kinetics of melt–peridotite interaction. To better understand the effect of melt composition on melt–peridotite interaction, we conducted spinel lherzolite dissolution experiments at 2 GPa and 1,425 °C using the dissolution couple method. The reacting melts include a basaltic andesite, a ferro-basalt, and an alkali basalt. Dissolution of lherzolite in the basaltic andesite and the ferro-basalt produced harzburgite–lherzolite sequences with a thin orthopyroxenite layer at the melt–harzburgite interface, whereas dissolution of lherzolite in the alkali basalt produced a dunite–harzburgite–lherzolite sequence. Systematic variations in mineral compositions across the lithological units are observed. These mineral compositional variations are attributed to grain-scale processes that involve dissolution, precipitation, and reprecipitation and depend strongly on reacting melt composition. Comparison of mineral compositional variations across the dissolution couples with those observed in mantle xenoliths from the North China Craton (NCC) helps to assess the spatial and temporal variations in the extent of siliceous melt and peridotite interaction in modifying the lithospheric mantle beneath the NCC. We found that such melt–rock interaction mainly took place in Early Cretaceous, and is responsible for the enrichment of pyroxene in the lithospheric mantle. Spatially, siliceous melt–peridotite interaction took place in the ancient orogens with thickened lower crust.  相似文献   

10.
New data on metasomatic processes in the lithospheric mantle in the central part of the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province (ADP) are presented. We studied the major- and trace-element compositions of minerals of 26 garnet peridotite xenoliths from the V. Grib kimberlite pipe; 17 xenoliths contained phlogopite. Detailed mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical studies of peridotite minerals (garnet, clinopyroxene, and phlogopite) have revealed two types of modal metasomatic enrichment of the lithospheric-mantle rocks: high temperature (melt) and low-temperature (phlogopite). Both types of modal metasomatism significantly changed the chemical composition of the peridotites. Low-temperature modal metasomatism manifests itself as coarse tabular and shapeless phlogopite grains. Two textural varieties of phlogopite show significant differences in chemical composition, primarily in the contents of TiO2, Cr2O3, FeO, Ba, Rb, and Cs. The rock-forming minerals of phlogopite-bearing peridotites differ in chemical composition from phlogopite-free peridotites, mainly in higher FeO content. Most garnets and clinopyroxenes in peridotites are the products of high-temperature mantle metasomatism, as indicated by the high contents of incompatible elements and REE pattern in these minerals. Fractional-crystallization modeling gives an insight into the nature of melts (metasomatic agents). They are close in composition to picrites of the Izhmozero field, basalts of the Tur’ino field, and carbonatites of the Mela field of the ADP. The REE patterns of the peridotite minerals make it possible to determine the sequence of metasomatic enrichment of the lithospheric mantle beneath the V. Grib kimberlite pipe.  相似文献   

11.
东南沿海地区第四纪大陆岩石圈地幔的特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
东南沿海地区新生代玄武岩中的橄榄岩包体来自年轻的大陆岩石圈地幔 ,该岩石圈地幔在岩石学、矿物组成、痕量元素以及Sr Nd同位素组成等各方面具有很大差异。这些差异反映了它们来自不同的地幔过程。南海张开与地幔热柱有关 ,南海扩张后第四纪形成的火山岩携至地表的包体更多保留了地幔热柱的信息。橄榄岩包体的矿物成分与深海橄榄岩类似 ,相对贫Opx而富Ol;在痕量元素上 ,表现为强不相容元素的富集 ,其配分模式类似于其寄主岩 ;Nd同位素强烈亏损 ,显示出比MORB源区更亏损的特征。大陆岩石圈地幔经历了来自地幔深处的贫SiO2 熔体的进一步改造。  相似文献   

12.
Type I spinel peridotite xenoliths from Simcoe Volcano, southern Washington (USA), are from lithospheric mantle approximately 65 km inboard from the axis of the subduction-related Cascade Range. Oxygen fugacities calculated from contents of Fe3+/ΣFe in Simcoe spinels, determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy, are up to 1.4 log units more oxidizing than the FMQ buffer. These are among the most oxidized mantle xenoliths reported, with fugacities substantially higher than those calculated for mantle beneath most of western North America. These results, together with those from amphibole-bearing spinel peridotites from Ichinomegata, Japan (Wood and Virgo, 1989), provide evidence that the mantle above subduction zones is more oxidized than is oceanic or ancient cratonic mantle. We suggest that oxidation was accomplished by an agent ranging in composition from solute-rich hydrous fluid to water-bearing silicate melt. A qualitative model relating extent of oxidation, duration of the oxidation process, and proportion of the available water (derived from subducting slabs) that oxidizes Fe in subarc mantle peridotite, suggests that such an agent can easily produce the observed extents of oxidation over timescales similar to the typical lifespans of subduction zones. For the Cascade arc with a duration of 50 Ma, the observed oxidation in the Simcoe peridotites can be achieved by reacting about 6–11 % of the available water with the mantle. These results demonstrate that water can make an efficient oxidizing agent, and because of the comparatively low ferric iron contents reported for mantle peridotites from other tectonic settings, oxidation of the mantle by water is mostly restricted to subduction zones where water is recycled from the surface and transferred into the mantle wedge.  相似文献   

13.
Nominally anhydrous phases (clinopyroxene (cpx), orthopyroxene (opx), and olivine (ol)) of peridotite xenoliths hosted by the Cenozoic basalts from Beishan (Hebei province), and Fansi (Shanxi province), Western part of the North China Craton (WNCC) have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The H2O contents (wt.) of cpx, opx and ol are 30–255 ppm, 14–95 ppm and ~ 0 ppm, respectively. Although potential H-loss during xenolith ascent cannot be excluded for olivine, pyroxenes (cpx and opx) largely preserve the H2O content of their mantle source inferred from (1) the homogenous H2O content within single pyroxene grains, and (2) equilibrium H2O partitioning between cpx and opx. Based on mineral modes and assuming a partition coefficient of 10 for H2O between cpx and ol, the recalculated whole-rock H2O contents range from 6 to 42 ppm. In combination with previously reported data for other two localities (Hannuoba and Yangyuan from Hebei province), the H2O contents of cpx, opx and whole-rock of peridotite xenoliths (43 samples) hosted by the WNCC Cenozoic basalts range from 30 to 654 ppm, 14 to 225 ppm, and 6 to 262 ppm respectively. The H2O contents of the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle represented by peridotite xenoliths fall in a similar range for both WNCC and the eastern part of the NCC (Xia et al., 2010, Journal of Geophysical Research). Clearly, the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle of the NCC is dominated by much lower water content compared to the MORB source (50–250 ppm). The low H2O content is not caused by oxidation of the mantle domain, and likely results from mantle reheating, possibly due to an upwelling asthenospheric flow during the late Mesozoic–early Cenozoic lithospheric thinning of the NCC. If so, the present NCC lithospheric mantle mostly represents relict ancient lithospheric mantle. Some newly accreted and cooled asthenospheric mantle may exist in localities close to deep fault.  相似文献   

14.
The petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths in the Cenozoic basalts from Fanshi, the central North China Craton (NCC), provide constraints on the evolution of sub-continental lithospheric mantle. These peridotite xenoliths are mainly spinel-facies lherzolites with minor harzburgites. The lherzolites are characterized by low forsterite contents in olivines (Fo < 91) and light rare earth element (LREE) enrichments in clinopyroxenes. In contrast, the harzburgites are typified by high-Fo olivines (> 91), high-Cr# spinels and clinopyroxenes with low abundances of heavy REE (HREE). These features are similar to those from old refractory lithospheric mantle around the world, and thus interpreted to be relics of old lithospheric mantle. The old lithospheric mantle has been chemically modified by the influx of melts, as evidenced by the Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of clinopyroxenes and relatively lower Fo contents than typical Archean lithospheric mantle (Fo > 92.5). The Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of harzburgites are close to EM1-type mantle, and of the lherzolites are similar to bulk silicate earth. The latter could be the result of recent modification of old harzburgites by asthenospheric melt, which is strengthened by fertile compositions of minerals in the lherzolites. Therefore, the isotopic and chemical heterogeneities of the Fanshi peridotite xenoliths reflect the refertilization of ancient refractory lithospheric mantle by massive addition of asthenospheric melts. This may be an important mechanism for the lithospheric evolution beneath the Central NCC.  相似文献   

15.
五相(橄榄石 斜方辉石 单斜辉石 石榴石 尖晶石)共存的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体是来自岩石圈地幔相转变带的直接样品。中国东部及西秦岭地区晚第三至第四纪碱性火山岩携带的少量五相共存的地幔橄榄岩捕虏体为探讨这些地区新生代岩石圈地幔中相转变带提供了宝贵的样品。本文根据地幔橄榄岩捕虏体中石榴石和尖晶石的产出状况,将这些橄榄岩捕虏体分为三类:第一类橄榄岩中尖晶石为粒状残核,尖晶石外缘被石榴石的反应边包围。这种橄榄岩捕虏体代表尖晶石一石榴石相转变带的上限,故称为尖晶石带橄榄岩;第二类橄榄岩中尖晶石和石榴石以单颗粒零散分布为特征,二者共存但未见明显的相转变关系。这类橄榄岩多位于相转变带中部,拟称为尖晶石-石榴石过渡带橄榄岩;第三类橄榄岩中以石榴石为主,尖晶石和辉石等微晶构成石榴石反应边。这类橄榄岩代表尖晶石-石榴石相转变带的下限,故称为石榴石带橄榄岩。因此,根据不同类型橄榄岩捕虏体中矿物的组成,结合温度压力估算即可确定岩石圈地幔中相转变带的深度和厚度。本文通过对中国东部及西秦岭地区晚第三至第四纪碱性火山岩携带的尖晶石-石榴石二辉橄榄岩捕虏体的温度压力估算来进一步厘定中国东部新生代岩石圈地幔中的相转变带深度和厚度。  相似文献   

16.
Ultramafic xenoliths were found in recent alkali basalts from São Tomé Island. These include spinel peridotites (lherzolites, harzburgites and dunites) and pyroxenites (orthopyroxenites and clinopyroxenites). Textures and mineral compositions indicate that pyroxenites originated from crystal/liquid separation processes operating on magmas similar to those giving rise to their present host rocks whereas spinel peridotite xenoliths had an accidental origin; Fo (>89) and Ni (>0.36 wt.%) contents in olivines, Mg# (91–95) of orthopyroxenes and low Ti in clinopyroxene (primary crystals: TiO2<0.06 wt.%) and in spinel (TiO2<0.1 wt.%) are within the range reported for abyssal peridotites, indicating São Tomé spinel peridotites represent refractory residues of melting. Nevertheless, the lack of correlation between mineral chemistry and modal composition suggests that spinel peridotite xenoliths are not simple residues and were affected by infiltration of fluid/melts within the mantle. The wide temperature range obtained for spinel peridotites (700 to >1150 °C) is compatible with a long period of pre-entrainment cooling supporting Fitton's [Tectonophysics 94 (1983) 473] hypothesis that proposes oceanic lithosphere uprising in the Cameroon Volcanic Line prior to the initiation of the current thermal regime, related to São Tomé magmatism. The association of upper mantle (peridotite) xenoliths with igneous cumulates (pyroxenites) suggests that the spinel peridotite suite originated in the uppermost mantle above the São Tomé magma storage zone(s), probably in a region of high strain rate, near the boundary between the mantle and the overlying oceanic crust.  相似文献   

17.
Oxygen fugacity (fO2) affects melting, metasomatism, speciation of C–O–H fluids and carbon-rich phases in the upper mantle. fO2 of deep off-craton mantle is poorly known because garnet-peridotite xenoliths are rare in alkali basalts. We examine the redox and thermal state of the lithospheric mantle between the Siberian and North China cratons using new Fe3+/ΣFe ratios in garnet and spinel obtained by M?ssbauer spectroscopy, major element data and P–T estimates for 22 peridotite xenoliths as well as published data for 15 xenoliths from Vitim, Russia. Shallow spinel-facies mantle is more oxidized than deep garnet peridotites (average, ?0.1 vs. ?2.5 ΔlogfO2(FMQ)). For intermediate garnet–spinel peridotites, fO2 estimates from spinel-based oxybarometers are 1.5–3.2 ΔlogfO2(FMQ) lower than those from garnet-based oxybarometers. These rocks may be out of phase and chemical inter-mineral equilibrium because the spinel–garnet reaction and concomitant changes in mineral chemistry do not keep up with P–T changes (e.g., lithospheric heating by recent volcanism) due to slow diffusion of trivalent cations and because gar-, gar-spl and spl-facies rocks may coexist on centimeter–meter scale. The spinel-based fO2 estimates may not be correct while garnet-based fO2 values provide conditions before the heating. The T (780–1,100?°C) and fO2 ranges of the Vitim xenoliths overlap those of coarse garnet and spinel cratonic peridotites. However, because of a higher geothermal gradient, the deepest Vitim garnet peridotites are more reduced (by 0.5–2.0 ΔlogfO2(FMQ)) than cratonic garnet peridotites at similar depths, and the “water maximum” conditions (>80?% H2O) in the off-craton mantle exist in a more shallow and narrow depth range (60–85?km) than in cratonic roots (100–170?km). The base of the off-craton lithospheric mantle (≥90?km) at 2.5?GPa and 1,150?°C has fO2 of ?3.0 ?logfO2(FMQ), with dominant CH4 and H2O and minor H2 in the fluid. Melting near the base of off-craton mantle lithosphere may be induced by increasing water share in migrating fluids due to oxidation of methane.  相似文献   

18.
This study presents new geochronological and geochemical data for Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), to discuss the crust–mantle interaction. The studied rocks include pyroxene andesites from Daying Formation, hornblende andesites and andesites from Jiudian Formation, and rhyolites from a hitherto unnamed Formation. These rocks formed in Early Cretaceous (138–120 Ma), with enrichment in light rare earth elements (REE), depletion in heavy REE and arc-like trace elements characteristics. Pyroxene andesites show low SiO2 contents and enriched Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic compositions, with orthopyroxene phenocryst and Paleoproterozoic (2320–1829 Ma) inherited zircons, suggesting that they originated from lithospheric mantle after metasomatism with NCC lower crustal materials. Hornblende andesites have low SiO2 contents and high Mg# (Mg# = 100 Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)) values, indicating a lithospheric-mantle origin. Considering the distinct whole-rock Sr isotopic compositions we divide them into two groups. Among them, the low (87Sr/86Sr)i andesites possess amount inherited Neoarchean to Neoproterozoic (2548–845 Ma) zircons, indicating the origin of lithospheric mantle with addition of Yangtze Craton (YC) and NCC materials. In comparison, the high (87Sr/86Sr)i andesites, with abundant Neoarchean–Paleozoic inherited zircons (3499–261 Ma), are formed by partial melting of lithospheric mantle with incorporation of NCC supracrustal rocks and YC materials. Rhyolites have extremely high SiO2 (77.63–82.52 wt.%) and low total Fe2O3, Cr, Ni contents and Mg# values, combined with ancient inherited zircon ages (2316 and 2251 Ma), suggesting an origin of NCC lower continental crust. Considering the presence of resorption texture of quartz phenocryst, we propose a petrogenetic model of ‘crystal mushes’ for rhyolites prior to their eruption. These constraints record the intense crust–mantle interaction in the southern margin of the NCC. Given the regional data and spatial distribution of Early Cretaceous rocks within NCC, we believe that the formation of these rocks is related to the contemporaneous far-field effect of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.  相似文献   

19.
Garnet-facies continental mantle is poorly understood because the vast majority of mantle xenoliths in continental basalts are spinel peridotite. Peridotite xenoliths from Vitim (southern Siberia) and Mongolia provide some of the best samples of garnet and garnet-spinel facies off-craton lithospheric mantle. Garnets in those fertile to moderately depleted lherzolites show a surprisingly broad range of HREE abundances, which poorly correlate with modal and major oxide compositions. Some garnets are zoned and have Lu-rich cores. We argue that these features indicate HREE redistribution after the partial melting, possibly related to spinel-garnet phase transition on isobaric cooling. Most peridotites from Vitim have depleted to ultra-depleted Hf isotope compositions (calculated from mineral analyses: εHf(0) = +17 to +45). HREE-rich garnets have the most radiogenic εHf values and plot above the mantle Hf-Nd isotope array while xenoliths with normal HREE abundances usually fall within or near the depleted end of the MORB field. Model Hf isotope ages for the normal peridotites indicate an origin by ancient partial melt extraction from primitive mantle, most likely in the Proterozoic. By contrast, an HREE-rich peridotite yields a Phanerozoic model age, possibly reflecting overprinting of the ancient partial melting record with that related to a recent enrichment in Lu. Clinopyroxene-garnet Lu-Hf isochron ages (31-84 Ma) are higher than the likely eruption age of the host volcanic rocks (∼16 Ma). Garnet-controlled HREE migration during spinel-garnet and garnet-spinel phase transitions may be one explanation for extremely radiogenic 176Hf/177Hf reported for some mantle peridotites; it may also contribute to Hf isotope variations in sub-lithospheric source regions of mantle-derived magmas.  相似文献   

20.
Garnet-bearing mantle peridotites, occurring as either xenoliths in volcanic rocks or lenses/massifs in high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure terrenes within orogens, preserve a record of deep lithospheric mantle processes. The garnet peridotite xenoliths record chemical equilibrium conditions of garnet-bearing mineral assemblage at temperatures (T) ranging from ~700 to 1,400°C and pressures (P) > 1.6–8.9 GPa, corresponding to depths of ~52–270 km. A characteristic mineral paragenesis includes Cr-bearing pyropic garnet (64–86 mol% pyrope; 0–10 wt% Cr2O3), Cr-rich diopside (0.5–3.5 wt% Cr2O3), Al-poor orthopyroxene (0–5 wt% Al2O3), high-Cr spinel (Cr/(Cr + Al) × 100 atomic ratio = 2–86) and olivine (88–94 mol% forsterite). In some cases, partial melting, re-equilibration involving garnet-breakdown, deformation, and mantle metasomatism by kimberlitic and/or carbonatitic melt percolations are documented. Isotope model ages of Archean and Proterozoic are ubiquitous, but Phanerozoic model ages are less common. In contrast, the orogenic peridotites were subjected to ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism at temperature ranging from ~700 to 950°C and pressure >3.5–5.0 GPa, corresponding to depths of >110–150 km. The petrologic comparisons between 231 garnet peridotite xenoliths and 198 orogenic garnet peridotites revealed that (1) bulk-rock REE (rare earth element) concentrations in xenoliths are relatively high, (2) clinopyroxene and garnet in orogenic garnet peridotites show a highly fractionated REE pattern and Ce-negative anomaly, respectively, (3) Fo contents of olivines for off-cratonic xenolith are in turn lower than those of orogenic garnet and cratonic xenolith but mg-number of garnet for orogenic is less than that of off-cratonic and on-cratonic xenolith, (4) Al2O3, Cr2O3, CaO and Cr# of pyroxenes and chemical compositions of whole rocks are very different between these garnet peridotites, (5) orogenic garnet peridotites are characterized by low T and high P, off-cratonic by high T and low P, and cratonic by medium T and high P and (6) garnet peridotite xenoliths are of Archean or Proterozoic origin, whereas most of orogenic garnet peridotites are of Phanerozoic origin. Taking account of tectonic settings, a new orogenic garnet peridotite exhumation model, crust-mantle material mixing process, is proposed. The composition of lithospheric mantle is additionally constrained by comparisons and compiling of the off-cratonic, on-cratonic and orogenic garnet peridotite.  相似文献   

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