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石膏对白云岩溶解影响的实验模拟研究 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：25
表生到埋藏成岩作用的温度与压力（４０-１３０℃、常压－３０ＭＰａ）条件下，含膏与不含膏白云岩的溶解实验证明:在表生与相对浅埋藏的温压条件（低于７５℃，２０ＭＰａ）下，石膏（或硬石膏）的存在可不同程度地加速白云岩的溶解，随着实验温度和压力的升高，石膏（或硬石膏）对白云岩溶解的这种积极作用逐渐降低。在相对深埋藏的温压条件（高于７５℃、２０ＭＰａ）下，石膏（或硬石膏）的存在显著阻止白云岩的溶解，随着实验温度和压力的继续升高，石膏（或硬石膏）对白云岩溶解的这种消极作用也逐渐增加。从实验的这种结果可以预测，在近地表条件下和埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段，由溶解作用造成的含膏白云岩地层的次生孔隙将比不含膏的白云岩地层更为发育，因而在经历了古风化作用的地层中，含膏白云岩层更易形成良好的储层；与之相反，在相对高温高压的深埋藏成岩阶段，不含膏的白云岩地层中将更容易因酸性水的溶解作用而形成次生孔隙。因而在非蒸发沉积环境中形成的白云岩体（如正常海沉积环境的灰岩中的白云岩透镜体）更易因深埋藏溶蚀作用而形成良好的储层。 相似文献
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流体压力场分布特征对泥岩裂缝油藏勘探和开发具有非常重要的作用,而盐间地层的压力分布有其特殊性。综合利用钻井、泥岩测井声波时差和地震资料,分析了东濮凹陷柳屯洼陷沙三上亚段的流体压力场特征,为该盐间泥岩裂缝油藏的进一步研究奠定了基础。研究结果表明:①本区沙三上亚段压力结构可划分为正常-渐变-弱超压型和正常-突变-强超压型两大类;②盐间泥岩裂缝油藏位于洼陷超高压力系统内;③现今沙三上亚段压力剖面具有东西分异、上下分带、受控于膏盐岩分布的特点,各类型裂缝和膏盐岩形成的微构造组成了该亚段纵横向的复杂输导网络系统;④膏盐岩封盖和石膏脱水是影响本区超压发育的重要机制之一,并造成了洼陷东西两侧流体压力场特征的差异。 相似文献
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膏岩三轴压缩试验及高温相变特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用伺服刚性试验机对天然膏岩开展三轴压缩试验,研究了温度及围压对膏岩强度及变形特性的影响。结果表明,膏岩在不同围压下均具有良好的塑性流动特性,加载后无明显的剪切破坏面,而是出现明显的侧向膨胀。根据三轴试验结果,利用摩尔-库仑定律得到了膏岩的强度准则及抗剪强度参数。升高温度导致膏岩强度降低,且高温下石膏发生晶型转变,从二水石膏脱水转变为半水石膏,利用扫描电镜和X衍射对此过程进行了研究。脱水过程导致瞬间孔隙应力增加,膏岩破坏特性由延性转变为脆性。随着持续加载,破裂断面逐渐愈合。膏岩显著的塑性流动能力及快速的裂隙愈合能力对于天然气盖层的封闭稳定性具有重要意义。 相似文献
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高温高压下石膏脱水相变的原位拉曼光谱研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文运用激光拉曼光谱仪,利用水热金刚石压腔装置对高温高压条件下石膏-水体系中的石膏脱水相变进行拉曼光谱研究。在压力0.1MPa～837.9MPa 和温度16～200℃条件下通过系列实验对相变的过程进行了原位光谱分析。与人们已知的无水条件下石膏分两步脱水的过程不同,高压下石膏在饱和水环境下倾向于一次性的脱去所有结晶水而形成无水石膏,实验中没有观察到半水石膏的出现。通过实验数据得到石膏和无水石膏的转折温度和平衡压力间的关系式为 P_(MPa)=19.56·T_(℃)-2926.5。 相似文献
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环境温度和孔隙压力对含水合物沉积物的力学特性存在重要影响,深刻揭示温度和孔隙压力对含水合物沉积物力学特性的影响机制并对其进行有效地模拟是含水合物地层稳定性评估的前提。在分析温度和孔隙压力变化对含水合物沉积物的力学特性影响机制的基础上,引入温压条件参数来考虑温度和孔隙压力变化对含水合物沉积物力学特性的影响,建立了考虑温度和孔隙压力影响的损伤本构模型。模型假设含水合物沉积物微元强度服从Weibull分布,采用Drucker-Prager强度准则描述微元强度,建立了损伤因子的演化规律。此外,还提供了一套模型参数的确定方法。通过一系列不同温度压力条件下的含水合物沉积物的三轴压缩试验结果对模型进行校核和验证,结果表明,该模型能很好地模拟含水合物沉积物的应力-应变关系,并且能较好地考虑水合物含量、环境温度和孔隙压力对含水合物沉积物的力学特性的影响。 相似文献
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兰坪盆地金顶超大型铅锌矿床广泛发育特征特殊的角砾岩和含角砾砂岩,前人对其成因有不同的认识。本文在矿区岩相构造填图的基础上,根据岩石角砾、杂基、胶结物成分和结构特点,划分出以下8类岩石:(1)层状含灰岩角砾砂岩,(2)方解石胶结灰岩砾角砾岩,(3)石膏/硬石膏胶结灰岩砾角砾岩,(4)铁泥质胶结灰岩砾角砾岩,(5)混杂状砂质胶结灰岩砾角砾岩(或称含灰岩角砾砂岩),(6)膏砂泥胶结复成分砾角砾岩,(7)砂质胶结复成分砾角砾岩,(8)含矿石砾角砾岩。其中,含矿石角砾岩形成于矿后,而其它角砾岩形成于矿前且可能近同期形成。角砾岩均处于下部"原地"和上部"外来"地层系统之间。研究认为含矿石砾角砾岩为矿后垮塌成因,其它角砾岩为(含砂)膏盐底辟成因,或含砂膏盐底辟破碎围岩、携带角砾流动的产物。目前角砾岩砂质杂基间的方解石胶结物和灰岩角砾间的方解石胶结物,可能为后期含有机质流体与先存的、作为胶结物的膏盐反应形成。这一过程同时产生H2S,对后期成矿具有重要意义。角砾岩的矿化与膏盐底辟体有关,具"单中心"分带、"多中心"叠加的特点。矿化主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿等热液矿物交代角砾岩间或砂质杂基间的方解石胶结物,角砾本身弱/无矿化。比较而言,层状含灰岩角砾砂岩为含矿最普遍,次为方解石胶结灰岩砾角砾岩、铁泥质胶结灰岩砾角砾岩、含矿石砾角砾岩,混杂状砂质胶结灰岩砾角砾岩局部含矿。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系天然气成藏条件分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对鄂南奥陶系风化壳天然气成藏的烃源条件、储集层形成机理和圈闭特征的研究认为,早奥陶世,黄陵古隆起分割秦岭坳拉槽与华北海,并在古隆起北侧形成蒸发台地斜坡云坪相膏云岩沉积。加里东运动期,黄陵古隆起随同鄂尔多斯盆地整体抬升,其北坡不同层位膏云岩、含膏白云岩差异溶蚀形成各类孔隙型储集层,并以探井钻遇的蜂窝状膏溶细晶白云岩、针孔状膏溶白云岩和膏溶角砾白云岩为代表广泛分布。海西-印支期,黄陵古隆起处于有利于接受秦岭坳拉槽运移流体的部位,目前已在其南北两翼发现较多的含沥青古油藏显示。古油藏中的石油在晚侏罗-早白垩世高古地温热演化阶段转化成天然气,可为富县斜坡提供充足的天然气源。米脂坳陷致密岩性带为风化壳天然气聚集提供了区域圈闭条件,从而使富县-甘泉地区成为天然气勘探的有利场所。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界马家沟组顶部遭受长期风化剥蚀,形成了以膏云岩为主的风化壳岩溶储层。通过偏光显微和超微扫描电镜深入观察了（含）膏云岩的孔隙类型及充填规律,分析了其岩溶作用特点,研究了以膏云岩为主的岩溶作用特征与传统碳酸盐岩岩溶作用特征的区别,探讨了膏云岩发育区的岩溶作用模式。结果表明:硬石膏结核和石膏晶体以其强亲水性和远高于白云石、方解石的溶解度,极易率先吸水发生溶解形成组构选择性溶蚀孔隙,导致膏云岩层蜂窝状溶孔的形成。硬石膏的高溶解度和力学不稳定性使得研究区以膏云岩、白云岩和灰云岩互层的风化壳储层以膏模孔、扩溶膏模孔及与之伴生的胀缩微裂缝为主要储集空间,孔隙大小具有明显的自限性。岩性—（含）膏云岩和沉积微相—海平面低位期潮上带（含）膏云坪沉积是储层形成的先天物质基础和环境条件,并因此直接导致（含）膏云岩储层的成层分布特征。表层膏云岩首先遭受淡水淋滤形成蜂窝状溶孔,多层成层分布膏云岩这种独特的物理化学性质使风化壳内的岩溶水以弥散性渗透为主,这是膏云岩发育区岩溶作用特征和模式与碳酸盐岩产生重要差异的根本原因。 相似文献
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库车前陆盆地古近系—新近系铜矿化特征及铜的来源、富集分布初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
库车盆地铜成矿作用发生在新近纪,主要有砂岩型、泥岩型、灰岩型铜矿化。矿化主要分布于盆地南部的秋里塔格构造带和北部的克拉苏构造带,基本位于背斜核部偏两翼部位,沿近东西向的断裂带呈带状分布,发育在盐丘附近。主要的地表铜矿物为氯铜矿,是干旱气候条件下含盐盆地的产物。盆地古近系石盐、石膏样品电镜分析、石膏铜含量化学分析及新近系碎屑岩中铜含量变化分析结果表明:盐岩、膏岩,褐红色碎屑岩(粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥岩)为铜的矿源层,灰绿色粉砂岩、泥岩、灰白色(含砾)中粗砂岩为铜的含矿层。铜离子的运移载体主要为源自大气降水溶解石盐、石膏所形成的卤水,卤水淋滤褐红色碎屑岩中的铜并下渗到地下,在以构造挤压为主及盐构造卸负作用产生流体上涌的驱动力下沿断裂向地表运移,随着卤水温度压力降低,干旱气候条件下,在地表碎屑岩节理面、部分层理面上发育石盐、石膏及氯铜矿,形成地表砂岩型、泥岩型、灰岩型铜矿化。当含铜卤水经过被方解石交代的硬石膏带(氧化-还原化学障)时,遇到因TSR反应形成富含还原硫的卤水,铜会发生富集,可能形成地下铜矿体。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献