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凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus Vannamei)高位池养殖中几个单项因子试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在高位池养殖凡纳滨对虾中,分别采用150×104尾/ha、135×104尾/ha、135×104尾/ha、120×104尾/ha、113×104尾/ha、105×104尾/ha、90×104尾/ha的放养密度。经过120d的的饲养,结果表明:在相同的养殖条件下,随着放养密度的增加,水中亚硝酸氮、氨氮的含量也相应增加;产量虽有所提高,但对虾生长缓慢。波吉卵囊藻可降低水中亚硝酸氮、氨氮的含量,增加溶解氧;养殖后期,保持1.5m的水深较为适宜。 相似文献
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凡纳对虾优良性状遗传标记的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
凡纳对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是全球三大养殖对虾名优种类之一。我国从1988年开始试养，到1998年大量引进凡纳对虾亲虾和幼体后，华南地区兴起了养殖热潮。在1999年到2000年短短两年时间内，广东、海南、广西凡纳对虾的养殖面积已达10×104亩(1亩=666.7m2)，集约化防病养殖产量普遍达到5~9t/hm2，年产量高达10~20t/hm2，其养殖面积约占华南地区对虾养殖面积的60%，普遍获得了比养殖斑节对虾更好的经济效益，成为我国继中国对虾、斑节对虾之后的又一养殖对虾种类。从凡纳对虾养殖业的长远发展战略来看，如何避免斑节对虾因病害而造成养殖业全面萎缩的情况在凡纳对虾养殖业中重演已成为重要研究内容。
美国夏威夷海洋硏究所等单位利用遗传标记辅助选育种技术进行凡纳对虾良种选育和家系培养取得了很大的成效，培育出世界著名的无特异病原(SPF)凡纳对虾亲虾，在全球对虾养殖产量下滑的形势下仍然保持良好的增长趋势，其关键是种虾的选择和家系的培育。 Garcia等(1994)利用遗传标记技术进行了凡纳对虾种群的遗传标记研究，发现种群之间具有较高水平的遗传变异，因而有潜力进行凡纳对虾良种的人工选育。
本研究利用RAPD标记技术，对目前养殖凡纳对虾不同群体进行DNA多态性研究，筛选与优良性状有关的遗传标记，为凡纳对虾优质种苗的鉴定、选育和今后遗传标记辅助选育种提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了1988年寿光县对虾养殖期间(5～9月)水环境和底泥环境中微生物种群的变化。据不同的地理位置,选择不同的养殖虾池;分别将水样和底泥环境中的弧菌、异养菌,及硫酸盐还原菌进行培养、分离计数。据对虾养殖期5个月的数据分析,不同的养殖虾池有不同的菌数波动范围。底泥与水环境中的菌数分布各有不同。异养菌在水样中的分布最高值为736×10~2个/ml,最低值为268.1×10~2个/ml;湿泥样中的最高值为372.7×10~4个/g最低值为125.9×10~4个/g。弧菌在水样中的最高值为12.33×10~2个/ml,最低值为0.5×10~4个/ml。据综合资料分析,对虾养殖池中的各种细菌分布,底泥高于水样,高温季节高于低温季节。底泥和水环境中有机物的含量与细菌数的分布成正比。底泥中硫酸盐还原菌的数量,是底泥环境中有机物污染程度的标志之一。根据硫酸盐还原菌的数量分布,可以有效地控制有机质(如对虾饵料)的投放量等。 相似文献
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白斑综合症杆状病毒在养殖万氏对虾(Penaeus vannamei)中暴发流行和人工感染研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
白斑综合症杆状病毒(White spot syndrome baculovirus,WSBV)对万氏对虾有较强的致病力,在病虾被感染的2～3d内,就可以使万氏对虾死亡率达83.3%～90%.WSBV对万氏对虾的鳃上皮细胞、甲壳下表皮细胞、胃上皮组织细胞、肌细胞、结缔组织细胞和中肠基底膜下肌细胞以及结缔组织细胞敏感.在细胞质中的完整杆状病毒粒子大小为(129～164)nm×(365～412)nm,在细胞核中的完整杆状病毒粒子大小约为(135～176)nm×(429～480)nm.万氏对虾对wSBv没有明显的抗病性,60d养殖死亡率达90%. 相似文献
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本文以东营市黄河三角洲地区对虾养殖示范园的对虾绿色生态调控养殖试验为基础 ,侧重阐述虾池移植伪才女虫、石莼、藻钩虾、蜾蠃蜚、拟沼螺等生物群落 ,分别取得 (2～ 30 )× 10 3 尾 /m2 ,总生物量 2 0 0 g/ m2 以上的效果。以及中国对虾、南美白对虾和日本对虾及其二茬养殖方式的生长模拟、生长比较等 ,得出中国对虾 >南美白对虾 >日本对虾的结果。初步探索出 1条移植生物群落为主的生态调控养虾之路 相似文献
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THECURRENTSITUATIONANDPROSPECTFORCHINESEFISHERY1中国渔业发展现状进入90年代以来,随着中国经济体制的不断改革和对外开放政策的实施。渔业产业结构经过几次调整,中国渔业得到了迅速的发展,水产品总产量从1990年的1237×10t到1997年的3601×104t,7a中增加了2400×104t,增长9．5％。人均占有量从1990年的10kg到1998年约达到29kg（见表1）。水产品总产量在100×104t的省份有11个,其中：山东省为610×104t、广东省520×104t、福建省429×104t、浙江省337×104t、辽宁省285×104t,江苏省265×104t、广西191×104t… 相似文献
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用不同药物治疗凡纳对虾状幼体黏脏病 ,结果表明 :用浓度为 3× 10 - 6 养虾丹、混合施用 0 .15× 10 - 6 次氯酸钠 + 1.5mg/L土霉素或 0 .0 1× 10 - 6 的亚甲基蓝 + 1.5mg/L土霉素可治疗凡纳对虾幼体黏脏病 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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