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内蒙古中西部草原区五种针茅的遗传多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用RAPD（Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA, RAPD）分子标记技术,对内蒙古中西部草原区16个不同地理种群的五种针茅的遗传多样性及其种间关系进行了研究。从102个10碱基随机引物中筛选出28个有效引物,共扩增出389条带,多态性条带345条,占88.69%,说明针茅属植物具有丰富的遗传多样性,对环境的适应能力较强,PCA分析表明水热成为其地理分布的决定性因素。依据五种针茅的Jaccard相似系数所做的UPGMA聚类分析表明,大针茅和克氏针茅之间的遗传距离比较小聚为一类,它们与本氏针茅、短花针茅和小针茅间的遗传距离都比较大。 相似文献
2.
以三江平原狭叶甜茅(Glyceriaspiculosa)为研究对象,选取3个不同群落类型:狭叶甜茅优势种群落、狭叶甜茅和毛苔草(Carexlasiocarpa)为共建种的群落以及狭叶甜茅为主要伴生种的群落,共45个材料进行了ISSR分子标记分析。结果从41个引物中筛选出7个有效引物,扩增出80条清晰条带,平均每个引物扩增了11.4条带,其中70个位点是多态的,总的多态位点比率为87.5%,表明被测材料间ISSR标记多态性较高。利用Popgen(version1.32)软件分析了扩增结果,并得到了狭叶甜茅不同群落类型的遗传距离、遗传一致度、Nei和Shannon信息指数等遗传特征。结果表明,对于一个物种来说,当地理距离太近不能成为影响其遗传多样性水平的因素时,其构成的种群在群落中的地位将是影响遗传多样性水平的主要因素之一。 相似文献
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山区开矿和城镇建设使毛木耳资源日益匮乏，为了合理保护利用毛木耳资源，为新品种选育提供理论依据。也为毛木耳DNA指纹图谱的构建奠定基础，从分子水平上探讨毛木耳种间、品种间遗传关系，用ISSR标记分析毛木耳种质资源。结果表明：从27条ISSR引物中筛选出适合毛木耳种质分析的17个ISSR引物。17个引物共扩增出155条带，多态性位点155；多态性位点比率100％。基于扩增条带数据库建立了Jaccared遗传相关系数矩阵。构建了相似的分子树状图，将55个供试菌株分为5类群：Ⅰ类群含12个菌株，Ⅱ类群含11个菌株，Ⅲ类群含2个菌株，Ⅳ类群含24个菌株，Ⅴ类群含6个菌株。55个菌株的平均遗传相似系数为0．4109。同时类群的划分与菌株来源的地理分布没有关系。菌株间的遗传多样性十分丰富。用ISSR标记技术能将以传统形态特征为分类依据定名的菌株全部分开。 相似文献
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基于16S rRNA高通量基因测序技术，对毛乌素沙地小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla)、柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）根系微域（即根系、根际土、根区土、灌丛间空白土）间的细菌群落多样性和结构差异性进行表征。本研究对各根系微域间细菌群落的Alpha多样性指数进行了单因素方差分析以及基于OTU水平的PCA分析，探究其在根系微域间Alpha和Beta多样性的层级变化，证实了有关植物根系微域生态位分化的报道，并发现锦鸡儿属植物根系微域间细菌群落的多样性和结构组成随着4个微域类型由外及内呈现出显著的层级差异性（P<0.05）。通过对优势细菌群组的结构组成分析，发现锦鸡儿属植物对特定细菌群组具有显著的向根系内筛选富集的作用（P<0.05）。这种植物通过根系微域对特定细菌群组的逐级筛选富集作用，是导致锦鸡儿属植物灌丛下不同生态位间细菌群落结构和组成发生层级变异的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
《干旱区地理》2021,44(5):1427-1437
灌丛群落作为祁连山森林生态系统的重要组成部分,在维护西北地区生态安全方面扮演着不可或缺的角色。系统地研究祁连山地区灌丛群落结构特征对阐明灌丛群落的更新、演替和稳定具有十分重要的意义,可为祁连山区森林生态系统的保护、恢复与重建提供基础数据和科学依据。选择分布在祁连山大野口流域的甘青锦鸡儿(Caragana tangutica)、鲜黄小檗(Berberis diaphana)、金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)、鬼箭锦鸡儿(Caragana jubata)和吉拉柳(Salix gilashanica)5种典型灌丛群落为研究对象,通过野外调查取样和室内分析,主要研究了5种典型灌丛群落的物种组成、生活型组成和物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明:(1)祁连山大野口流域灌丛群落组成较为简单,只出现了48种植物,隶属于26科,38属,以蔷薇科、禾本科、菊科和豆科等西北干旱区优势科的数量居多。(2)生活型谱均以地面芽植物所占比例最大,为37.09%,地上芽植物所占比例最少,为4.00%。(3)整体上看,灌丛群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)变化范围为1.12～2.26,Simpson多样性指数(D)变化范围为0.60～0.74,其物种多样性指数较低,物种组成较为简单,其中不同灌丛群落H多样性指数表现为金露梅鬼箭锦鸡儿鲜黄小檗甘青锦鸡儿吉拉柳,D多样性指数表现为金露梅鬼箭锦鸡儿吉拉柳鲜黄小檗甘青锦鸡儿。(4)不同的生境条件导致群落多样性层间结构存在差异,除鬼箭锦鸡儿群落,多样性指数均为草本层灌木层,而鬼箭锦鸡儿群落中灌木层和草本层的物种多样性指数较为接近,物种组成灌草均一。 相似文献
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7.
《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,(5)
利用SSR(简单重复序列)标记研究红椿分布区天然居群的遗传多样性,为红椿种质资源的保护和开发提供理论依据。本文筛选7对SSR引物,分析了湖北等5省(区)24个居群的192份红椿种质的遗传多样性,利用Data Formater、Popgene、NTSYS、TFPGA等软件进行遗传数据转换、遗传参数估算、树状聚类图和遗传变异分析。结果显示:(1)7对引物共检测到17个等位基因(N_a),平均每个引物为2.2602个,其中引物S11和S422检测到的等位基因数最多,均为4个。Nei's遗传多样性指数均值(H)为0.4909,Shannon信息指数均值(I)为0.7321,多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.5182;平均期望杂合度(H_e)和观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.1055和0.4956。居群Nei's遗传距离介于0.000–2.635之间,均值为0.548;居群遗传多样性平均水平(H=0.1044)低于物种水平(H=0.4909)。(2)居群遗传分化系数(F_(st))介于0.2374–0.9148,平均为0.7727;居群基因流(N_m)均值为0.0735,表示居群间遗传交流水平低,遗传变异主要来自居群内。(3)在遗传一致度为0.99时,24个居群UPGMA聚类为3大群组:贵州和广西居群聚为一组,湖南聚类为1组;湖北聚类为1组。Mantel检验结果显示居群间的遗传距离与地理距离间呈现显著相关性(r=0.6318,P=0.0090.05)。红椿居群遗传多样性处于偏低水平,地理隔离是红椿种源间产生遗传分化的重要的原因。进行红椿种质资源保护时,应侧重选育群体遗传多样性最高的居群(如P14);遗传多样性低的居群,应就地保护与迁地保护相结合,综合生态和用材目标,最大化保存和利用好红椿的多样性。 相似文献
8.
崔文娟林玉红石有太欧巧明罗俊杰 《中国沙漠》2018,(6):1267-1274
采用EST-SSR分子标记,对来自7个主要栽培区的兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.willmottiae)种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示:(1)兰州百合在物种水平上具有较高的遗传多样性,多态性位点百分率(PPB) 90.91%,Nei’s遗传多样性指数(H) 0.3256,Shannon’s遗传多样性信息指数(I) 0.4875;各栽培居群遗传多样性为西果园>榆中>魏岭>阿干>黄峪>金沟>永靖。(2)兰州百合栽培群体基因分化度Gst为0.2395,基因流(Nm)为1.5876,各栽培居群间遗传分化水平低,遗传差异主要存在于居群内。(3)兰州百合种质材料69个采样点的聚类结果显示,84.05%的材料都聚合到一个类群,这与STRUCTURE遗传结构分析的结果一致,说明兰州百合种质资源的遗传基础相对狭窄。兰州百合种质资源的遗传多样性主要由小部分种质的遗传变异引起,收集研究这些稀有特异种质,将为兰州百合育种改良及优异基因发掘提供重要参考。 相似文献
9.
《中国沙漠》2018,(6)
采用EST-SSR分子标记,对来自7个主要栽培区的兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.willmottiae)种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示:(1)兰州百合在物种水平上具有较高的遗传多样性,多态性位点百分率(PPB) 90.91%,Nei’s遗传多样性指数(H) 0.3256,Shannon’s遗传多样性信息指数(I) 0.4875;各栽培居群遗传多样性为西果园榆中魏岭阿干黄峪金沟永靖。(2)兰州百合栽培群体基因分化度Gst为0.2395,基因流(Nm)为1.5876,各栽培居群间遗传分化水平低,遗传差异主要存在于居群内。(3)兰州百合种质材料69个采样点的聚类结果显示,84.05%的材料都聚合到一个类群,这与STRUCTURE遗传结构分析的结果一致,说明兰州百合种质资源的遗传基础相对狭窄。兰州百合种质资源的遗传多样性主要由小部分种质的遗传变异引起,收集研究这些稀有特异种质,将为兰州百合育种改良及优异基因发掘提供重要参考。 相似文献
10.
认识沙地植物群落物种多样性及其与环境的关系,对维护沙地生态系统的结构与功能具有重要意义。本研究基于浑善达克沙地83个样地的群落数据及环境数据,通过数量生态学方法对群落物种多样性及其影响因子进行分析,探讨浑善达克沙地物种多样性特征及其环境解释。结果表明：（1）主要群落有榆树（Ulmus pumila）群落、小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）群落、黄柳（Salixgordejevii）群落及长梗扁桃（Prunus pedunculata）群落等,其中榆树群落分布在降水和土壤养分都比较高的区域,小叶锦鸡儿群落适生生境为降水较少且土壤贫瘠的区域;影响该区群落分布的主要环境因子依次为生长季降水量、生长季温度、土壤全氮和全钾含量,降水量的差异显著影响群落分布格局。（2）浑善达克沙地植物多样性的分布呈现出一定的规律性变化。物种多样性指数均随经度和海拔的增加而增加;Patrick指数与Shannon-wiener指数随纬度的增加呈现减少的趋势;Simpson指数与Pielou指数随纬度增加而增加;Patrick指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-wiener指数与生长季降水量、土壤有机碳和有效氮含量呈显著正相关,与生长季均温、≥0 ℃积温、生长季风速呈显著负相关,所有环境变量与Pielou指数均无显著相关性。研究结果阐明了浑善达克沙地物种多样性及植物群落分布的规律以及与关键环境因子之间的关系,有利于提高沙地植物多样性和稳定性,增强沙地植被的生态功能。 相似文献
11.
Caragana microphylla is the most dominant and constructive shrub species in the Horqin Sandy Land of northeastern
China. We evaluated the level of genetic variation within and among C. microphylla populations sampled from three
different temperature gradients in the Horqin Sandy Land by using inter-simple sequence repeat polymorphism (ISSR)
molecular markers. The results show that eight ISSR primers generated 127 bands, of which 123 (96.85%) were
polymorphic. At the species level, genetic diversity was relatively high (P = 96.85%, h = 0.3143, I = 0.4790). The
highest genetic diversity was observed in the Subp6 population from low temperature regions, whereas the lowest diversity
was found in the Subp2 population from high temperature regions. Six populations of C. microphylla clustered
into two clades. These results have important implications for restoring and managing the degraded ecosystem in arid
and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
12.
固沙常见锦鸡儿属植物的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文对12种固沙常见锦鸡儿属植物的分类、分布、花粉形态进行了比较研究。确定了柠条锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和小叶锦鸡儿三者的亲缘关系,并认为绢毛锦鸡儿是这12种中最原始种,锦鸡儿属可能正象Komapob所说的,是由一个比较原始的祖先种沿着不同的途径衍化而形成目前的许多种。 相似文献
13.
In order to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and development of T. ciliata germplasm resources, we studied the genetic diversity of T. ciliata by using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) primers to evaluate the genetic diversity of 192 T. ciliata germplasm samples from 24 populations of 5 provinces. DataFormater, Popgene, NTSYS, TFPGA and other software were used for genetic data conversion, genetic parameter estimation, dendrogram construction and genetic variation analysis. The results showed that: 1) a total of 17 alleles (Na) were detected in seven pairs of primers, with an average of 2.260 for each primer. Among them, the highest numbers of alleles (4) were detected in primers S11 and S422.The mean value of Nei’s genetic diversity index (H) was 0.4909, the mean value of Shannon information index (I) was 0.7321, and the mean value of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.5182. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) were 0.1055 and 0.4956, respectively. The Nei°s genetic distances of the populations ranged between 0.0002 and 2.6346, and the mean was 0.5477. The average genetic diversity level (H=0.1044) of the 24 populations was lower than that of the species (H=0.4909). 2) The genetic differentiation coefficients (Fst) varied from 0.2374 to 0.9148, with an average value of 0.7727. The mean of population gene flow (Nm) was 0.0735, indicating a low level of genetic exchange between populations, and suggesting that the genetic variation mainly came from within populations. 3) With the UPGMA method, the 24 populations were clustered into 3 groups at Nei’s genetic identity (0.99): the populations from Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were clustered into one group, the populations from Hunan Province were in another group, and the populations from Hubei Province were in the third group. The Mantel test analysis showed a significant correlation between Nei’s genetic distance and geographic distance (r=0.6318, P=0.009?0.05). The genetic diversity of the 24 populations of T. ciliata was at a low level. Geographic isolation was the main reason for genetic differentiation among T. ciliata provenances. In the protection of germplasm resources of T. ciliata, emphasis should be placed on breeding genetic resources from the populations with higher genetic diversity (P14, for example). As for the populations with low genetic diversity, an ex-situ protection strategy as well as ecological and timber objectives, should be taken into account to maximize the conservation and utilization of the diversity of T. ciliata. 相似文献
14.
Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring Nadine Bernhardt Luidmila A. Pestryakova Laura S. Epp Ulrike Herzschuh Ralph Tiedemann 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,52(1-2):77-93
Diatom diversity in lakes of northwest Yakutia (Siberia) was investigated by microscopic and genetic analysis of surface and cored lake sediments, to evaluate the use of sedimentary DNA for paleolimnological diatom studies and to identify obscure genetic diversity that cannot be detected by microscopic methods. Two short (76 and 73 bp) and one longer (577 bp) fragments of the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene, encoding the large subunit of the rbcL, were used as genetic markers. Diverse morphological assemblages of diatoms, dominated by small benthic fragilarioid taxa, were retrieved from the sediments of each lake. These minute fragilarioid taxa were examined by scanning electron microscopy, revealing diverse morphotypes in Staurosira and Staurosirella from the different lakes. Genetic analyses indicated a dominance of haplotypes that were assigned to fragilarioid taxa and less genetic diversity in other diatom taxa. The long rbcL_577 amplicon identified considerable diversification among haplotypes clustering within the Staurosira/Staurosirella genera, revealing 19 different haplotypes whose spatial distribution appears to be primarily related to the latitude of the lakes, which corresponds to a vegetation and climate gradient. Our rbcL markers are valuable tools for tracking differences between diatom lineages that are not visible in their morphologies. These markers revealed putatively high genetic diversity within the Staurosira/Staurosirella species complex, at a finer scale than is possible to resolve by microscopic determination. The rbcL markers may provide additional reliable information on the diversity of barely distinguishable minute benthic fragilarioids. Environmental sequencing may thus allow the tracking of spatial and temporal diversification in Siberian lakes, especially in the context of diatom responses to recent environmental changes, which remains a matter of controversy. 相似文献
15.
《湿地科学》2015,(5)
Chinese medaka(Oryzias sinensis),widely distributed in the plateau lakes,Yunnan Province,which was the indicative specie for the habitat quality of riparian zone in the wetland ecosystems and also was the key specie in the lake ecosystems,and also was one of the fishes who suffered the severe invasion of alien species.There,we investigated that the genetic diversity and population structure of the wild Chinese medaka by using inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)analysis.The samples(20 individuals in total)of Chinese medaka in three populations in the drainage area of Dian Lake were obtained.The 7 ISSR primers were picked out to assess the genetic diversity.The ISSR primers combinations revealed 82.69%polymorphism,among 52 genetic loci amplified.The sum of effective number of alleles and observed number of alleles were 1.492 4 and 1.826 9,respectively.The Shannon genetic diversity and Nei genetic diversity indexes of all the populations were 0.434 5 and 0.289 7,respectively.The gene differentiation(GST)was 0.198 9,and the gene flow(NM)was 2.013 2.The AMOVA demonstrated that only 6.65%of genetic variance came from inter-population,and 93.35%of genetic variance came from intra-population.Phylogenetic tree showed that 20 individuals from 3 populations were clustering mixed each other.Also,the principal coordinate analysis(PCA)supported the cluster analysis results.These results indicated that the genetic diversity of Oryzias sinensis was at the middle level,and there was no obvious genetic differentiation among the three populations of Oryzias sinensis. 相似文献
16.
腾格里沙漠固定沙丘结皮层藓类植物的生态功能及与土壤环境因子的关系 总被引：32，自引：14，他引：18
通过1998-2001年的野外调查,沙坡头地区固定沙丘结皮层藓类植物共3科、11属、24种,新发现 8 个本地区新记录种。人工固定沙丘仅分布有7种藓类,而自然固定沙丘包括了所有的 24 种藓类,具有较高的物种多样性,构成了复杂的苔藓植物群落。沿坡向随高度的上升,藓类植物的盖度减少,而藻类植物的盖度却有上升的趋势。自然固定沙丘藓类植物盖度明显小于围封的人工固定沙丘。人工固定沙丘随着固定年限的增加,藓类植物的生物量明显增高,不同种类藓类植物的生物量明显不同,综合盖度因素,真藓拥有该地区最大的生物量。不同类型、不同种类的藓类植物结皮厚度和株高之间都存在显著的相关性(P < 0.01)。不同固定沙丘藓类结皮土壤的总盐量、阴、阳离子总量都明显高于藻结皮和流沙,苔藓结皮中苔藓植物体内Mg/Ca率在0.50~0.98之间,结皮土壤Ca2+含量明显高于其他3种离子,Na+、K+离子含量较少。苔藓植物生物量与土壤磷、土壤有机质呈明显正相关(P < 0.05),土壤pH值与土壤磷含量和苔藓植物生物量呈显著负相关(P 分别为 < 0.01 和 < 0.05),表明高的 pH值显著影响土壤磷含量和植物生物量。藓类结皮土壤中的有机质、全磷、全氮、速磷、速氮含量显著高于藻结皮的含量,尤其是有机质含量,藓类结皮都超过了1%的水平,在有机质含量普遍低于1%的沙区,对维持沙丘的稳定,促进维管植物的定居和繁殖起着极其重要的作用。 相似文献
17.
Genetic diversity is crucial for plants to respond to global climate change, and exploring relationships between genetic diversity and climatic factors may help predict how global climate change will shape the genetic diversity of plants in the future. So far, however, the extent and magnitude of the impact of climatic factors on the genetic diversity of plants has not been clarified. We collected data from 68 published papers on two widely used measures of genetic diversity of populations (average expected heterozygosity (He) and average observed heterozygosity (Ho)) and on localities of populations of 79 vascular plants, and extracted data on 19 climatic factors from WorldClim. We then explored the relationships between measures of genetic diversity and climatic factors using linear regressions. He of plant populations was significantly correlated with climatic factors in 58.7% (44) of the 75 species that used He as a measure of genetic diversity, and Ho was correlated with climatic factors in 65.1% (41) of the 63 species that used this genetic diversity measure. In general, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation Seasonality, Precipitation of Driest Quarter and Temperature Seasonality played a vital role in shaping He, and Ho was mostly correlated with Precipitation of Warmest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation of Driest Quarter and Precipitation of Driest Month. Also, the proportion of the significant correlations between genetic diversity of populations and climatic factors was higher for woody than for herbaceous species, and different climatic factors played different roles in shaping genetic diversity of these two growth forms. Our results suggest that climate may play an important role in shaping genetic diversity of plant populations, that climatic change in the future may alter genetic diversity of plants, and that genetic diversity of different plant forms may respond to climatic change differently. 相似文献
18.
沙坡头沙区锦鸡儿属植物抗旱性的研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
本文对沙坡头沙区的12种锦鸡儿属植物的叶片解剖结构和水分生理等特征进行了比较研究,利用主分量,综合分析了与抗旱性有关的各个特征,客观地列出该属一些植物种的抗旱性顺序:白皮锦鸡儿>刺叶锦鸡儿>垫状锦鸡儿>狭叶锦鸡儿>柠条锦鸡儿>甘蒙锦鸡儿>绢毛锦鸡儿>中间锦鸡儿>小叶锦鸡儿>荒漠锦鸡儿>川西锦鸡儿>树锦鸡儿。供选择适宜的固沙植物种提供参考。 相似文献
19.
4树种主要生理指标对模拟水分胁迫的响应 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
比较了白毛锦鸡儿、荒漠锦鸡儿、驼绒藜和霸王的主要生理指标叶片含水量、自然饱和亏、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、可溶性糖和丙二醛（MDA）含量,在不同生长期（夏季和秋季）对不同浓度聚乙二醇（PEG=10%、20%、30%）及不同胁迫时间（0 h、12 h、24 h）模拟水分胁迫的响应差异。结果表明：①霸王、驼绒藜抗干旱损伤的能力总体比两种锦鸡儿强;②同样处理水平下,种间SOD活性差异不显著,各指标夏秋响应差异显著,秋季较夏季敏感,树种抗旱能力与生长期及生理状态有密切的关系;③相关性分析表明,水分胁迫后水分亏缺大的树种,质膜受伤重,SOD保护酶与可溶性糖对树种抵抗水分胁迫起到一定的保护作用,调节协同机制及响应时间存在差异。 相似文献