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1.
以京沪高速铁路液化土地基加固为背景,利用大型堆叠式剪切变形模型箱,进行了模型比例1:10的CFG桩桩网结构地基加固饱和粉土地基的振动台模型试验,得出各级加载情况下地基路基响应加速度幅值放大系数的分布以及响应加速度幅值放大系数与各级加载加速度幅值的关系,分析了CFG桩桩网结构地基加固饱和粉土地基在地震作用下的加速度传递规律,得到了以下结论：（1）在加载加速度小于0.101g时,地基路基响应加速度幅值基本不放大,且加速度放大系数云图呈现水平状分布;（2）当加载加速度为0.161g时,桩间土的液化引起地基路基的响应加速度幅值放大系数的较大增加;（3）当加载加速度为0.210g时,桩间土液化的同时部分CFG桩发生剪断破坏,从而引起了地基路基的各响应加速度幅值放大系数的增大;（4）当加载加速度为0.324g和0.363g时,地基整体刚度的大幅度减小,在一定程度上降低了桩网结构地基传递振动的能力,从而导致加速度幅值放大系数相对前一级加载时减小;（5）整个加载过程中,粉土层的放大效应显著,而黏土层对加载加速度几乎没有放大作用。 相似文献
2.
埋地管道应用广泛,而在管道铺设过程中穿越的大范围可液化土层,面临着地震作用下管道液化上浮和变形破坏等风险。依托某临海火电站直埋管道工程,采用室内振动台模型试验方法,分析了海洋液化地基中输水管道的变形特性和动力响应,探究了砾石压重法和排水板加固法的抗液化效果。结果表明:海洋饱和砂土地基在动力荷载作用下发生液化,不同深度土层加速度出现不同程度的衰减,上部土层加速度衰减幅度最大且沿深度减小;不同土层中土体超孔压先快速上升达到峰值并维持稳定直至振动停止;在振动过程中,管道发生了明显上浮,且上浮速率逐渐降低,当振动停止时达到最大上浮位移;砾石压重法对于管道抗液化效果不佳,加速度和超孔压时程曲线与标准工况基本一致,中上层砂土出现明显液化现象,但超孔压峰值存在一定下降,且管道上浮与标准工况相比下降65.4%;而宽、窄排水板加固法效果更加显著,整体土层液化现象得到抑制,超孔压峰值与标准工况相比较小,且在振动期间持续降低,平均峰值与标准工况相比分别下降48.30%和38.91%,同时管道竖向位移与标准工况相比降幅均超过100%。在实际工程应用中,推荐使用排水板加固方案,同时需要选择适当的排水通道宽度。 相似文献
3.
建筑场地地震液化危害评价及地基处理 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
本文分析了地基失稳,计算震陷值及差异震陷等地基失效形式和液化土层的隔震作用,研究了液化指数、地基失效、液化土层隔震与多层房屋震害的关系,根据液化土的双重作用原理划分了液化危害等级,并提出了建筑场地地震液化危害评价方法和按小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒的抗液化处理原则。 相似文献
4.
针对目前土层反应分析方法难以模拟液化土层地震动时程的缺欠,在工程力学研究所原有有效应力分析程序基础上提出了一个改进的计算方法并进行了验证。改进方法中,通过每个应力循环模拟土的非线性进程以及液化导致的土刚度衰减过程,并引入了新建立的适于非均等固结随机地震荷载作用下的孔压增长模型。将计算方法与实际地震记录及大型振动台实验结果进行了对比,结果表明：在峰值加速度、液化后波形变化、时频曲线及加速度反应谱等主要特征上,计算结果均与现场实际记录及振动台实验基本一致;在液化引起地震动特征变化上,计算出的液化较非液化土层加速度反应谱的增量与实验结果一致。说明所提出的改进方法可以用于液化土层地震动的模拟。 相似文献
5.
地震引起地基土层中的砂土液化，其临界液化深度是多少?世界岩土工程界进行了大量的实际资料分析和试验研究，至今众说纷纭。笔者在综合分析各国专家研究成果时，从中发现地震引起砂土液化的普遍自然规律，并建立起Gan—chen模式，可简易计算砂土液化的临界深度在5～12m范围内。 相似文献
6.
以剪切波速与地表峰值加速度为依据的地震液化确定性及概率判别法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
剪切波速作为土性的基本参数,为评价土体抵抗地震液化的能力提供了一种方法。回顾了以剪切波速和地表峰值加速度为依据的场地地震液化判别方法的演化历史,依据他人收集的现场液化资料,合计49次地震、618例液化/不液化场地数据,提出了确定液化临界曲线的基本原则,给出了基于修正剪切波速与地表峰值加速度的液化临界曲线,验证了液化临界曲线的位置对细粒含量、有效上覆压力、震级等因素取值变化的合理性,分析了估计土层循环应力比CSR的剪应力折减系数、震级标定系数、有效上覆压力修正系数等因素的不确定性对液化临界曲线的敏感性。结果表明：液化临界曲线对各种影响因素具有很好的适用性。利用Monte Carlo模拟、加权最大似然法和加权经验概率法,给出了建议的液化临界曲线的名义抗液化安全系数与液化概率的经验关系式及概率等值线,并对核电厂Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类抗震物项地基,分别建议了相应的液化临界曲线。该方法以丰富的现场液化数据为依据,具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
CONE模型与地基动力液化的非线性有效应力分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析建筑物地基的地震（或振动）液化时,为了简化分析土壤-地基的动力相互作用,引入Cone模型,在总应力分析的方法基础上,结合了Martin等提出的孔隙水压力发展模型,并且考虑土壤发生液化的动力非线性过程中材料刚度退化的影响,提出了可以直接求解各区域的孔隙水压力的有效应力简化分析法,并进行液化可能性判别。 相似文献
8.
应用所提出的建筑桩基地震地震反应分析方法及程序,分析了液化地基上建筑桩基的抗震性状,对其加速度、振动孔隙水压力和桩基震陷等特性进行了研究。 相似文献
9.
将饱和砂土视为土水两相介质,以Biot动力固结方程为基础,编制了完全耦合的三维排水有效应力动力反应分析程序。利用该程序对碎石桩复合地基进行了动力反应分析。结果表明:在地震荷载作用下,碎石桩具有明显的减震效应,碎石桩复合地基表层的最大水平振动加速度与天然地基相比明显减小,并且碎石桩对地基的沉降变形有明显的抑制作用;碎石桩的排水效应十分显著,随着输入地震加速度的减弱,在孔压达到峰值以后,由下到上出现了明显的孔压消散现象,碎石桩排水效应的影响范围为上窄下宽的圆台形;碎石桩的加密效应显著;考虑碎石桩各效应的耦合作用比仅考虑其单一效应,计算得到的孔压比要小,因此在进行碎石桩复合地基抗液化判别时,应该综合考虑碎石桩各效应的相互耦合作用。 相似文献
10.
采用砂土液化大变形弹塑性本构模型分析可液化砂土,采用模量随应力与应变变化的等效非线性模型增量形式分析碎石桩,应用FLAC3D有限差分软件对地震动力作用下可液化场地碎石桩复合地基进行三维动力响应分析。模拟分析了在地震作用下碎石桩刚度效应和排水效应对加固处理可液化场地的抗液化效果,从初始小变形到液化后大变形的变形发展,超静孔压累积与消散,及桩与土的变形与应力分配变化等。结果表明,所用模型与方法可合理描述可液化场地碎石桩复合地基在地震作用下场地的动力响应特性和抗液化效果;在地震作用下可液化场地中桩周土体与碎石桩体的竖向应力与水平向剪切应力向碎石桩体集中,竖向有效应力比可降至约1/6～1/3;桩周土体与桩体为非协调变形,剪应变比可达7～10;碎石桩抗液化影响范围约为2.5～3倍桩径,对超过3.5倍桩径范围影响较小;碎石桩与砂土渗透系数比大于100时对降低砂土中超静孔隙水压影响明显;碎石桩对场地的加密效应可显著降低超静孔隙水压力,而碎石桩刚度则对超静孔隙水压力变动影响较小,但有助于减低地面加速度响应峰值。 相似文献
11.
Recordings from downhole accelerometer arrays offer unique insight into soil behavior and ground response during earthquakes. In this paper we present a scheme for interpolating displacement and acceleration measurements to provide approximations for subsurface shear strain and stress as continuous functions of time. Our suggested interpolating functions are constructed in such a way that the free surface boundary condition will always be satisfied and the interpolated displacement and acceleration remain finite for all depths. We also show how the functions can be adapted to represent layered soil profiles. Depending on the number of instruments in the downhole array, a truncated series of functions can be derived so that each represents a modal shape for the layered soil profile. The resulting approximations for strain and stress are considered more accurate and robust than previous approximations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Responses of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills during earthquakes are gaining worldwide importance due to the devastating nature of earthquake on landfills. Apart from the post-earthquake safety and serviceability issues which pose environmental and public health problems, other important concerns are related to the behavior of closed landfills during and after earthquake. In present study, one dimensional (1-D) equivalent-linear analysis was carried out to model the behaviour of MSW landfills subjected to seismic base accelerations using the DEEPSOIL software. Influence of foundation types, height and stiffness of MSW landfills and seismic base accelerations on the seismic responses in terms of surface accelerations, normalized stresses (i.e., shear stress/effective vertical stress) and spectral amplification are evaluated. The results showed that height and stiffness of landfills, type of foundation and amount of seismic base acceleration and period play important role in evaluating the seismic responses of MSW landfills. Assumption of constant unit weight and shear wave velocity for landfills underestimates maximum horizontal acceleration (MHA), normalized shear stresses and spectral amplification at the top of landfills. Landfill models with smaller heights (up to 40 m high) showed higher amplification ratio for low seismic base accelerations with mean period near to that of soil and landfill resonance for all sites. A complex behavior was observed at higher seismic base accelerations due to non-linear behavior of landfill materials. 相似文献
13.
14.
扩建城市垃圾填埋场的地震稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合现场剪切波速试验、室内常规及动三轴试验结果,给出了扩建城市垃圾填埋场地震稳定性的有限元分析方法,并分析了扩建垃圾填埋体沿填埋体内部圆弧滑动面、新老填埋体交界面及底部和背部衬垫系统的地震稳定性。当填埋场中渗滤液水头较低时,扩建填埋体最易发生沿新老填埋体交界面的滑动。与总应力法计算结果相比较发现,总应力法只适合分析输入地震动较小的情况,而当输入地震动较大时,由于它不能考虑动孔压上升所导致的MSW软化而使得其计算的扩建填埋体沿圆弧滑动面的安全系数偏保守。另外,采用Newmark法分析了不同输入地震动时不同横、竖向扩建方案的永久位移,分析表明：扩建填埋体沿新老填埋体交界面的地震永久位移的对数近似与屈服加速度同最大水平加速度的比值呈线性关系,并给出了其永久位移的拟合公式。 相似文献
15.
桩板式抗滑挡墙地震响应的振动台试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
汶川地震路基震害调查表明,在顺层或堆积体边坡中的桩板式抗滑挡墙具有良好的抗震性能。为了更好地了解该结构的抗震性能和优化抗震设计方法,以大型振动台模型试验为手段对其进行研究。为明确地震作用下桩板式抗滑挡墙的地震响应特性,试验采用缩尺的卧龙台站实测地震波对模型激励。试验结果揭示了土压力沿桩身分布规律、桩体位移和边坡岩土体加速度的地震响应特征。研究表明,地震土压力沿桩身呈非线性分布,竖向地震荷载对水平加速度有放大效果。所以,双向加载时的地震土压力比水平单向加载时大,但二者差距在地震基本烈度VII、VIII度区域不显著。滑坡推力、滑床对桩的土体抗力和桩身位移均与输入地震动峰值加速度成正比,即随着地震动峰值加速度的增加,加速度放大比增大;滑动面材料剪切强度折减,滑坡推力、土体抗力和抗身位移均增大,且增大速率加快。此外,结合试验成果,建议了桩板式抗滑挡墙设计时地震综合影响系数Cz的合理取值,对应地震基本烈度VII、VIII、IX度区分别为0.2、0.35、0.4。试验结果有助于揭示该结构抗震机制,也为其抗震设计提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
16.
在常规的场地地震响应有效应力分析法中,通常只考虑Gmax随有效应力和孔隙比的变化,而最新的试验研究表明,Gmax在大应变幅振动下存在附加衰减。收集了不同类型土体在大幅振动下的298组Gmax数据,拟合并给出了对应于两种Gmax附加衰减模式的计算模型,通过编制可考虑Gmax附加衰减影响的一维场地地震响应有效应力分析程序,分别对典型场地和离心机振动台模型场地的地震响应进行分析对比。结果表明：Gmax附加衰减对场地加速度和剪应力响应均有较大影响,将加速场地液化进程和扩大场地最终液化范围;考虑Gmax附加衰减可较好地模拟动力离心模型试验场地动力响应;但在强震情况下,场地迅速液化,Gmax附加衰减对场地动力响应的影响反而减弱。 相似文献
17.
开展了近场和远场地震动作用下3跨3层地铁车站结构地基液化效应的振动台模型试验,测试了地铁车站结构的加速度、应变、水平位移反应和地基土孔隙水压力、加速度、震陷及其作用于模型结构侧墙的动土压力反应。分析和总结了地铁车站结构地基液化效应特征,结果表明：模型结构对其周围地基土孔隙水压力场的分布有明显影响,结构两侧和底部地基土中的孔压峰值小于相同深度离结构较远地基土中的孔压峰值;地基土中孔压的消散速度自下而上呈逐渐减慢的趋势;地震动作用过程中,模型结构产生向上的相对运动,强地震动作用时模型结构上浮现象明显;模型结构侧墙受到的动土压力随深度增大而减小,输入地震动特性对动土压力的大小有显著影响。 相似文献
18.
To understand the serviceability aspects of seawalls, it is essential to study the permanent displacements of seawalls that occur during the earthquakes. Studies in the existing literature have concentrated on displacements of retaining walls with dry backfills; to the authors’ observation there is no specific analytical investigation devoted to the earthquake-induced displacements of retaining walls with submerged backfills. This paper focuses on sliding displacements of gravity type seawall retaining a submerged backfill under active earth pressure condition during the earthquakes. The threshold seismic acceleration coefficients required for initiation of sliding and the amount of sliding displacement due to seismic loading are calculated by adopting Newmark’s sliding block method. One of the prime features of the study is the estimation of seismic inertia forces in the submerged soil and wall applying the modified pseudo-dynamic method. The comparison of the results obtained using the proposed analytical formulation with the existing literature found to be in good agreement. A comprehensive parametric study has been conducted to understand the effects of different parameters such as seismic horizontal and vertical acceleration coefficients, soil and wall friction angles, width of the wall, wall inclination and excess pore water pressure ratio.
相似文献19.
Asskar Janalizade Choobbasti Meysam Saadati Hamid Reza Tavakoli 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(6):1307-1315
The performance of pile foundations in liquefiable soil subjected to earthquake loading is a very complex process. The strength and stiffness of the soil decrease due to the increase in pore pressure. The pile can be seriously destroyed by the soil liquefaction during strong earthquakes. This paper presents the response of vertical piles in liquefiable soil under seismic loads. A finite difference model, known as fast Lagrangian analysis of continua, is used to study the pile behavior considering a nonlinear constitutive model for soil liquefaction and pile?Csoil interaction. The maximum lateral displacement and maximum pile bending moment are obtained for different pile diameters, earthquake predominant frequencies, Arias intensities, and peak accelerations. It is found that the maximum lateral displacement and the maximum pile bending moment increase when the predominant earthquake frequency value decreases for a given peak acceleration value. 相似文献
20.
Large-scale shaking table model tests were carried out to study the dynamic behaviors of slopes and failure mechanism of landslide in permafrost regions. The model slope was constituted of silty clay layer stacked on an ice layer with 8° surface slope. Acceleration, displacement, and pore pressure were measured subjected to vertical and horizontal seismic loadings. The horizontal wave has a stronger influence on the failure of the model than the vertical wave motion, and the natural frequency of vibration in the horizontal direction decreased obviously at the failure state. The model slope has three components of different nonlinear mechanical properties, which are the soil layer, soil-ice interface, and ice layer. The amplification factor of peak ground acceleration is obviously smaller at the soil-ice interface than that at the soil and ice layer. The acceleration responses are nonlinear because of the nonlinear soil properties and degradation of modulus with increasing horizontal acceleration. Especially, excess pore pressure generation was observed near the soil-ice interface of the slope subjected to higher input acceleration, which resulted in the decrease of the effective stress. Failure surface appeared to be the soil-ice interface, which was consistent with the field observations of landslides in permafrost regions. Slope failure could be defined based on the massive movement of the slope, characterized by integral sliding pattern along the soil-ice interface without the distinct deformation inside the sliding body. The results show that the sliding of the slope with soil layer at gentle gradient is mainly triggered by the combined action of horizontal seismic wave, existence of soil-ice interface, and pore pressure generation in permafrost regions. 相似文献