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1.
准噶尔盆地东部石炭系火山岩储层地质特征及油气意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准噶尔盆地东部石炭系火山岩油气藏勘探近年来取得了重大成就。该区石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩储层类型多样,包括玄武岩、安山岩和流纹岩等火山熔岩,火山集块、火山角砾岩、凝灰岩等火山碎屑岩以及各种沉积—火山岩。火山岩存在多期次、间歇性喷发的特征,一般至少可以划分为3个喷发期次,沉积岩夹层是其主要喷发间断面,两个沉积夹层之间的火山岩层段是有利储集段带。该区石炭纪古火山机构类型多样,近火山通道火山角砾岩发育,是有利的储集相带。综合古生物化石证据和同位素年代学资料,火山活动时限为早石炭世,该区石炭系地层自下而上应为下石炭统塔木岗组、滴水泉组和巴塔玛依内山组;上石炭统为石钱滩组。 相似文献
2.
藏北羌塘盆地东部地区三叠系巴贡组之上沉积超覆了一套火山岩-火山碎屑岩．该套地层下部玄武岩的锆石SHRIMPu—Pb年龄明显可以分为2组,一组年龄相对年轻（220．4Ma±2．3Ma）,代表了羌塘东部地区鄂尔陇巴组火山岩的喷发年龄;另外一组年龄相对较老（241．4Ma±3．6Ma）,可能与中三叠世羌塘地区普遍存在的碰撞隆升事件有关。羌塘中生代（晚三叠世-早白垩世）盆地演化早期的沉积作用经历了由陆相至海相的超覆过程,沉积超覆作用从冲洪积相开始,伴随着岩浆侵入、火山爆发及火山碎屑沉积作用,总体上表现为一个向上变深的海侵序列,显示裂谷盆地的特征。 相似文献
3.
通过对胶北臧家庄盆地中生代火山岩系的构造位置、产出状态、岩石特征、地球化学特征、相序列组合及同位素年龄等资料的综合分析,结合区域构造特征,认为其属中国东部中生代火山岩带之桃村－－莱阳火山－沉积盆地构造组成部分;岩石类型为玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩及流纹岩等,属钙碱性系列,按相序列可划分为安山质岩系、英安质岩系及凝灰质粘土岩三个相组;构成两个火山旋回。 相似文献
4.
老爷庙-额仁山一带发育3套性质不同的火山岩，通过对其岩石组合、岩相、古火山机构特征的详细观察及岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学的研究，晚泥盆世老爷庙组火山岩为玄武岩-安山岩组合，发育盾状和层状火山，属海相环境，为板块消减带岛弧型高铝玄武岩；晚石炭世-早二叠世哈尔加乌组火山岩为陆相火山岩，岩石组合为安山岩．英安岩-流纹岩，以爆发相为主，常形成破火山及锥状火山机构，为陆-陆碰撞造山期火山岩；早二叠世中晚期卡拉岗组火山岩为一套以酸性为主的陆相火山岩，喷溢相发育，常形成穹状古火山机构，岩石组合为英安岩-流纹岩，为造山期弛张期火山岩，3套火山岩为板块不同阶段的火山岩，从老爷庙组火山岩→哈尔加乌组火山岩→拉岗组火山岩，岩石向酸性演化，地壳成熟度愈来愈高，南混合壳转化为陆壳． 相似文献
5.
云南鲁春晚三叠世火山沉积盆地是在江达－维西火山弧的基础上，通过拉张作用形成的碰撞后拉张盆地，盆地内广泛发育一套由玄武岩和流纹岩组成的“双峰式”火山岩及与其相伴的硅质岩。硅质岩可分为灰质硅质岩和纹层状硅质岩两类。通过对两类硅质岩所进行的地球化学研究和分析，表明云南鲁春晚三叠世火山沉积盆地中的凝灰质硅质岩属火山沉积成因，在而纹层状硅质岩为海底喷流热液／热泉（热水）沉积成因的热水硅质岩。 相似文献
6.
綦占胜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1988,(3)
吉林省中生代火山活动受北东向岩石圈深大断裂构造的控制。火山—次火山的热液成矿作用与它的物质成分和岩相有关,受火山构造的控制。区内多数矿床、矿点产于中生代火山岩盆地的边缘,构成以火山岩盆地为中心的矿化集中区。吉林省南部和北部地区一样,是寻找中生代陆相火山一次火山热液金、铜等矿产的有利地区。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原羌塘盆地东部鄂尔陇巴组火山岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
藏北羌塘盆地东部地区三叠系巴贡组之上沉积超覆了一套火山岩-火山碎屑岩.
该套地层下部玄武岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄明显可以分为2组,一组年龄相对年轻
（220.4Ma±2.3Ma）,代表了羌塘东部地区鄂尔陇巴组火山岩的喷发年龄;另外一组
年龄相对较老（241.4Ma±3.6Ma）,可能与中三叠世羌塘地区普遍存在的碰撞隆升事
件有关。羌塘中生代（晚三叠世—早白垩世）盆地演化早期的沉积作用经历了由陆相
至海相的超覆过程,沉积超覆作用从冲洪积相开始,伴随着岩浆侵入、火山爆发及火
山碎屑沉积作用,总体上表现为一个向上变深的海侵序列,显示裂谷盆地的特征。 相似文献
8.
北票盆地侏罗纪砾岩沉积特征及对区域构造演化的指示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
陆相盆地充填沉积物中砾岩沉积特征分析是示踪物源及反演源区构造演化背景的重要手段之一。通过对辽西北票盆地侏罗系的砾岩层沉积特征及砾岩的分散型式分析发现，北票盆地砾岩的沉积特征明显受到火山作用的影响，物源主要以盆地前期或同期火山岩及西缘前中生代沉积地层和变质岩系为主，砾石成分组成自下向上表现出一定的规律性变化，与盆地两次大的火山－沉积作用旋回有很好的对应关系，表现为从沉积早期以火山岩砾石为主向晚期以沉积岩及变质岩砾石为主的演化过程。早侏罗世晚期及晚侏罗世晚期砾岩主要为复成分砾岩，松散堆积，填隙物主要为泥砂质．分散型式为混合型，应为盆地在侏罗纪经历的两次大的逆冲推覆作用的沉积响应。中侏罗海房沟组巨厚的粗砾岩沉积对应于盆地西缘的一次快速隆升事件。 相似文献
9.
火山喷发沉积期的古地理环境是控制火山岩油气储层发育的关键因素之一。目前对陆上喷发沉积火山岩与水下喷发沉积火山岩的判别研究主要集中在岩性组合特征、结构与构造特征、蚀变特征、产状、孔隙及裂缝发育特点等方面,而利用火山岩地球化学特征来反映和记录火山喷发环境的研究尚未引起注意。研究使用Fe2O3/FeO和Fe2O3/（Fe2O3+FeO）作为火山岩氧化系数,充分考虑岩石酸度、风化淋滤作用、溶蚀蚀变作用、构造背景等因素的影响,改进了传统意义上基于火山岩氧化系数的火山喷发环境判别标准。在新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷上石炭统实际应用结果表明,卡拉岗组火山岩喷发沉积环境复杂,以陆上氧化环境为主,频繁水陆交替的复杂环境也存在,哈尔加乌组火山岩喷发沉积环境相对单一,主要沉积保存于水下还原环境;与前人基于本区上石炭统火山岩共生岩石与化石组合、风化壳以及火山岩夹持的部分泥岩微量元素比值特征等有效判别依据得到的喷发环境结果是相符的,且该地球化学方法具有普适性,可应用于不同盆地、不同地质时代火山岩喷发沉积古地理环境的判别研究中。 相似文献
10.
松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩相和火山机构分析 总被引：47，自引：0，他引：47
徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩极为发育。文章通过对火山岩的岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、岩芯测试及测井资料、二维、三维地震资料的综合分析 ,将营城组火山岩盆地分为 3大相区 ,即火山喷发区、过渡区和沉积区。火山喷发区岩性由各种熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量砂砾岩组成 ;过渡区岩性以火山碎屑岩与沉积岩互层为特征 ,夹少量火山熔岩 ;沉积区岩性包括砂砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩。火山喷发区内可识别出 8种类型的火山岩相 (空落相、溢流相、基底涌流相、火山碎屑流相、火山泥石流相、火山沉积相、次火山相、隐爆角砾岩相 )和 3种类型的火山机构 (层火山、微型盾火山和渣锥火山 )。不同类型的火山机构具有不同火山作用、岩相分布特征和含油气性。因此火山岩相及火山机构分析对火山作用研究和油气勘探均有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献