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从全球生产网络到全球金融网络：理解全球-地方经济联系的新框架 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
全球化带来的新国际劳动分工使全球生产网络(Global Production Network, GPN)成为研究全球经济与区域发展的重要框架。与此同时,金融在现代社会经济运行中的地位日益提升,经济金融化在全球不同尺度下深刻影响着经济活动的空间分布和网络。因此,金融已经成为GPN研究不能忽略的重要环节。更重要的是,金融化带来的逻辑也日益深刻地影响到GPN的演化和运行。尽管GPN研究日益重视金融的作用,并开始研究金融业的全球生产网络,但是随着越来越多的企业通过获得国际股权投资或者在境外资本市场上市等方式融入全球资本市场,主要从生产角度理解地方经济融入全球过程的GPN难以对该现象深入分析。全球金融网络(Global Financial Network, GFN)为刻画和分析这个过程提供了新的框架。在这个分析框架中,地方经济体通过高级商业服务业(Advanced Business Service, ABS)企业与世界城市(国际金融中心)和离岸管辖区产生联系,从而融入GFN。论文介绍了GFN的基本结构,探讨了地方经济融入GFN的主要方式及其产生的影响。最后,提出GFN未来在理论和实证方面可继续深入研究的方向。 相似文献
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基于全球生产网络视角下的零售供应链升级与转型——以鲜奶和大豆油为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在过去的10年中,快速的零售业全球化进程已经在经济地理学研究中引起了强烈的关注。依托全球生产网络分析框架,通过阐述权利与价值在两个食品供应链（鲜奶和食用油）中发生的迁移与更迭,揭示出跨国零售企业进入中国市场前后,本土供应链发生的转型与升级。同时,就供应链转型所具有的五个普适性特征,包括集中化采购、专业批发商的涌现、物流与信息系统升级、执行企业标准和发展自有品牌,在选取的案例产品中进行分析与比较,以此来解释供应链重组过程中的影响因素。结果表明：应采用动态的视角来研究零售供应链中的权利与价值,以此才能更好地揭示新兴市场中供应链网络转型升级的复杂性和不均衡性。 相似文献
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全球生产网络视角下珠三角区域经济的战略耦合与产业升级 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
借助全球生产网络(GPN)理论的视角,审视了以珠三角为代表的后发地区产业发展与升级的路径。通过阐述GPN框架的理论优势和分析逻辑,明晰了战略耦合概念的4种一般机制,继而以珠三角产业发展和升级历程为例,说明了战略耦合模式如何影响区域产业经济发展的路径,当前战略耦合演变的方式和原因,及其所带来的影响。文章认为珠三角当前基本已经走出"前店后厂"模式,产业发展的格局已经发生本质性的改变,其主要原因是战略耦合的方式发生了改变,从而导致了多样化的产业升级路径和成果。文章的贡献在于提供了一个更为平衡的视角,来解析以珠三角为代表的落后地区的产业升级的动态,揭示了后发地区的产业升级是一个多尺度、多路径的过程。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe objective of the article is to show how the demonstration project and battery ferry Ampere has contributed to a greening of public ferry procurement in Norway. Building on theories on demonstration projects in transition studies and institutional work, the author argues for a more integrated focus than hitherto on the dynamic interplay of materiality, organization, and discourse in demonstration projects, and how the agency of actor networks and the materiality connected to demonstration projects can affect institutional change accompanying transition processes. This is done by conceptualizing Ampere as a ‘performing project’: a complex of discursive and organizational strategies of framing and lobbying deployed by the actor networks connected to it and its materiality. Methodically, the author draws on semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The results suggest that Ampere’s ‘performance’ has contributed to changes in national and regional ferry procurement practices and been vital for an emerging maritime battery niche. 相似文献
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当前时代,中国的出口企业面临出口市场维度和产品维度的两大风险。前者体现为贸易政策不确定性对企业生产组织和出口决策的影响,后者体现为高技术品出口对企业技术水平和生产能力的高要求,其可被纳入GPN 2.0框架中的“监管风险”和“产品风险”两个维度进行分析。本文指出,面对上述风险,企业会寻求集聚分布,以受益于信息溢出效应和生产率效应,从而实施相应的企业策略以抵御风险。本文基于2008—2016年中国海关进出口贸易数据获取企业位置信息,测度企业集聚水平,同时基于非关税壁垒和产品复杂度数据测度企业所面临的监管风险和产品风险。实证结果表明,当企业的出口市场贸易政策不确定性越高、企业所生产的产品复杂度越高,企业在本地越集聚,一定程度上验证了上述假设。本文尝试融合GPN 2.0和经典的集聚理论,对于风险环境下企业空间重构的模式和机制进行定量测度,并给予全球生产网络的空间组织机制更为动态且微观的解释,具有一定的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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The practice of natural resource extraction remains a key function of the global economy, and has been the subject of a considerable body of research, across multiple academic disciplines. Growing awareness of the economic, socio-cultural and ecological aspects of extractive practices (and their impacts) have also forced change in the way in which this research is conceptualised. Yet, despite conceptual shifts, a lack of engagement with the felt and emotive dimensions of the extractive sector remains striking. As a complex and highly contested industry, acknowledging emotion is crucial to breaking down problematic representations of the sector as a ‘rational’, ‘economic’ and emotionless space. This paper emphasises the need to engage and prioritise emotional and affective registers when thinking about, and representing, the extractive sector. Specifically, this paper explores the role of emotion in problematising approaches to the material across the sector, as well as in unsettling the often taken-for-granted and highly gendered workplace identities that characterise the sector. Finally, this paper will highlight the importance of validating emotion in legitimising important relationships to place that conflict with extractive practices. In essence, this paper calls for more emotionally attuned approaches to the extractive sector, in order to engage with its profoundly emotive dimensions and impacts. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTA popular rural development strategy in recent years has been through the adoption of what has been widely called a ‘value chain approach’, where improved linkages between small producers in underdeveloped rural communities and ‘lead firms’ constitute the foundations for development interventions. Whilst the global value-chain framework can deliver insights into the broad structural processes shaping livelihood possibilities, the adoption of value chains as a development strategy tends to disregard the complexity of smallholder livelihoods that shape poverty alleviation pathways in different contexts. The relationships between global value chains, development interventions, and rural livelihoods are explored in this article through a case study of smallholder coffee farming in the Toraja region of Indonesia. In this case, value-chain interventions in the coffee sector are unlikely to significantly contribute to improved rural welfare due to the diversified reality of local livelihoods, the nuances of how coffee production is embedded within Torajan culture and economy, and excellent prevailing market opportunities. The livelihood framework, therefore, provides an important corrective for the sometimes excessive optimism presented by advocates of a value-chain approach to rural development. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe emergence of an unconventional extractive industry of coal seam gas (CSG) in New South Wales, Australia has caused a range of social tensions. Although the industry has generally received strong support from state-level governments across Australia, an eclectic social movement has arisen in opposition. Critical questions of justice have emerged in these debates about CSG, particularly about the ‘winners' and ‘losers' that would emerge should large-scale CSG extraction be introduced into New South Wales. However, the question of justice in relation to CSG extraction is not altogether so simple. Actors on all sides of CSG development have mobilised the language of justice in their claims about this energy source in sophisticated ways and at different scales. In this paper, we draw upon ‘energy justice’ scholarship to tease out different energy justice dimensions of the CSG debate in New South Wales. We show how there are significant issues that will likely intensify regarding the recognition of different forms of knowledge, the access citizens have to forms of decision-making, and the risks that span geographic and temporal scales. We argue that it is vital to appreciate the significant and interrelated injustices faced by those challenging the industry. 相似文献
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Aleksi Räsänen Vera Kauppinen Sirkku Juhola Gunhild Setten Haakon Lein 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2020,74(3):165-180
ABSTRACT Despite a notable increase in the literature on community resilience, the notion of ‘community’ remains underproblematised. This is evident within flood risk management (FRM) literature, in which the understanding and roles of communities may be acknowledged but seldom discussed in any detail. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate how community networks are configured by different actors, whose roles and responsibilities span spatial scales within the context of FRM. Accordingly, the authors analyse findings from semi-structured interviews, policy documents, and household surveys from two flood prone areas in Finnish Lapland. The analysis reveals that the ways in which authorities, civil society, and informal actors take on multiple roles are intertwined and form different types of networks. By implication, the configuration of community is fuzzy, elusive and situated, and not confined to a fixed spatiality. The authors discuss the implications of the complex nature of community for FRM specifically, and for community resilience more broadly. They conclude that an analysis of different actors across scales contributes to an understanding of the configuration of community, including community resilience, and how the meaning of community takes shape according to the differing aims of FRM in combination with differing geographical settings. 相似文献
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全球生产网络理论（GPN）是关系经济地理学派的核心理论成果,但当前国内外研究对其发展脉络和理论内涵的认识存在模糊之处,在应用方面也存在一些误区。因此,本文从GPN与全球价值链（GVC）理论互动的视角出发,回顾GVC和GPN的重要发展阶段及对彼此的影响,针对常见的对GPN理解和应用的误区展开解释与辨析,主要得到3个结论。第一,GPN理论的研究目的已从解释“价值生产”凝练为解释“区域发展的不均衡”,更贴近经济地理学的基本研究范式。第二,GPN与GVC正在从分歧走向融合,共同致力于捕捉与解释全球化动态。第三,并非所有跨国公司研究或生产网络研究都属于GPN研究,GPN专指研究跨国公司与主要相关者基于生产所形成的网络动态,不适用于以国家为单位的研究,也不着力于揭示企业内部经营管理动态。本文继而指出中国经验既需要GPN理论加以探析、也有助于丰富GPN理论,精准理解GPN尤其对中国当前推行双循环战略有重要应用价值。本文强调,GPN作为中观理论框架,有效解释了全球经济中区域发展的多尺度动态,在全球化出现逆流的新形势下,对中国全球化实践,特别是国际国内双循环发展有着鲜明的研究意义。 相似文献
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后人文主义视角下的中国地缘政治话语研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
援引后人文主义地理学作为批判地缘政治学的一个延续,以《人民日报》纸媒和官方微博为例,采用NVivo分析和对比分析的方法探讨了“美国反恐”这个当代热点地缘政治话题在两个不同媒体空间被呈现的形式。基于后人文主义思潮对物质的关注,讨论了“人”及其地缘环境认知是否受“物质”(在文中具化为网络技术)影响而动摇其在理解“人地关系”过程中的支配地位。研究发现：一方面网络技术多线参与和呈指数型信息传播的特征使得网络空间出现了多元化的声音并最终呈现出多元和复杂的网络地缘政治景观;另一方面,网络技术迫使当代媒体追求“快”和“新”从而摒弃了传统媒体所强调的权威、真实和逻辑性,取而代之的是情绪化的话语表述,呼应了后人文主义地理学对人以外的要素的关注,讨论了网络技术作为一种物质要素对“人地关系”认知的影响。研究证实,受网络技术及其带来的信息革命的影响,它在一定程度上确实能够对具有主体性的人的地缘认识产生影响。 相似文献
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基于创新“二分法”的中国装备制造业创新网络研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
从创新“二分法”的研究视角出发,研究知识学习（STI）和经验学习（DUI）对中国装备制造业创新网络构建的影响。研究表明：① 从网络结构看,DUI是装备制造业创新结网的主要方式,产业伙伴比知识伙伴更重要。② 从空间尺度看,STI和DUI的区域合作均重于本地合作;国家层面是中国装备制造业创新合作的最佳空间尺度。③ 从环境需求看,优化本地创新资源并不能有效增强网络创新能力。研究指出,培育DUI创新绝对优势、重视区域创新协同合作、推动符合产业创新特点的环境建设与制度安排将有助于中国装备制造业创新能力提升。 相似文献
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以发展较为成功的中国?印尼经济贸易合作区（简称“中印合作区”）为例,讨论“一带一路”背景下中国境外经贸合作区的成功发展经验与“园中园”发展模式。中印合作区是中国企业在印度尼西亚设立的第一批国家级境外经贸合作区之一,采用“园中园”发展模式。通过实地调研与访谈的方法,构建“园中园”发展模式分析框架,从构建多主体间的合作网络、根植地方的制度文化环境、提供优质的园区环境这3个维度重点分析了中印合作区的发展过程与特征。归纳总结境外经贸合作区发展的成功经验,为未来境外经贸合作区的建设提供案例借鉴与理论参考。 相似文献
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《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):175-190
Norway's regional structure is under debate as questions about territorial boundaries, scale, scope of tasks and responsibilities, and decision-making structures have become an issue in Norwegian politics. This tendency of changing the scale of public action with regard to governmental structures, economic politics, welfare, and civic society has been termed ‘new regionalism’. New regionalism often comes under criticism of being too neo-liberalistic or too economically orientated, leaving in its wake debates of democratic accountability and the neglect of ‘soft factors’ (i.e. socio-culture, identity, consciousness, and participation). In this article the authors investigate whether new democratic or semi-democratic regional organisations as advocated by new regionalist schemes require identification amongst the local population in order to be successful and enduring governmental structures. Further, it is shown how too simplistic understandings of the social processes, and their inherent power aspects, involved in the implementation of the new regionalist development scheme ‘Mountain Region’ distort the undertaking. The authors find that a more complex relational and contextual understanding is in demand, one in which regionalisation is not only recognised as a process which diffuses across time-space, but also takes an asymmetrical place across society's social fabric, and one where ‘soft factors’ such as ‘regional identity’ are not sidestepped. 相似文献
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跨国公司在开发区的投资模式及区域影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
跨国公司主导的全球化力量是影响地区发展的重要因素。本研究以跨国公司在我国开发区的投资为例,分析了跨国公司全球生产体系与地方生产体系链接的过程与方式。文中将其概括为滚动式、结盟式、跟随式等三种模式。不同的投资模式对地区经济发展的影响程度不同。总体而言,跨国公司通过在中国开发区的投资强化了其全球生产网络,但与地方生产体系的联系有待于强化。这要求地方在推动开发区发展的同时,要积极发展自己富有活力的生产体系,在更高层次上实现与跨国公司网络的对接。 相似文献
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在中国全面对外开放和可持续发展的背景下,本文从微观尺度探究了外资企业集聚的环境溢出效应。利用1999—2012年中国工业企业污染数据库和中国工业企业数据库,本文对比了外资和内资企业二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放强度的时空差异和演变过程,并建立计量模型探究外资企业的环境溢出效应及其作用途径。研究发现：① 在研究时段内,中国工业企业的二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放总量呈现逐渐下降的趋势,该现象来源于内资企业排放总量的下降,而外资企业的排放总量未发生明显变化。② 内资企业的二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放强度迅速下降,并逐渐接近外资企业的排放强度。中国内资企业二氧化硫和化学需氧量排放强度较低的区域主要分布在沿海经济发达的地区,而内陆地区的排放强度下降幅度较大。③ 实证结果表明,无论是产业内还是产业间,外资企业的地理集聚均能够显著降低内资企业的污染排放强度,但是产业内溢出的作用比产业间的溢出更显著。外资企业的环境溢出效应可以通过三条途径作用于内资企业,分别是劳动力流动、竞争效应和本地生产网络的嵌入。在本地生产网络的嵌入方面,后向效应能够产生环境溢出效应,而前向效应并不显著。从异质性分析来看,相对于高效率的企业,低效率的企业仅能够从劳动力流动或本地生产网络嵌入中获取环境溢出的外部性。 相似文献
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《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):202-211
Karlsen, A. & Nordhus, M. 2011. Between close and distanced links: Firm internationalization in a subsea cluster in Western Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift–Norwegian Journal of Geography Vol. 65, 202–211. ISSN 0029-1951. The cluster concept has attracted attention from scholars and become increasingly popular in regional politics, as exemplified by The Norwegian Centres of Expertise programme. External linkages of cluster firms have become a concern inspired by the notions ‘local buzz’ and ‘global pipelines’. Viable clusters are dependent on the quality of both internal industrial environment and external linkages. The article focuses on internationalization of SMEs from a cluster perspective and discusses how cluster firms take advantage of different dimensions of proximity in their internationalization endeavours. By applying the industrial network approach, firms’ strategies and positions at different stages of internationalization are integrated in the analysis. The cases are four SMEs located in a ‘subsea cluster’ close to Bergen, Norway. Data were collected through interviews with top managers and observations during cluster-related meetings. The cases differ with regard to size and international experiences. Firms that are highly internationalized rely on cognitive or organizational proximity when they internationalize further. Such firms provide opportunities for other cluster firms. In contrast, less internationalized firms rely on social and institutional types of proximity. As they collaborate with larger and more experienced cluster firms they can skip some of the resource-demanding steps in the internationalizing process. 相似文献
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进入21世纪以来,全球生产网络(Global Production Net-work,GPN)研究非常深刻地展现了 Peter Dicken所描绘的"全球-地方矛盾".这个概念由Dicken在1994年发表于《Economic Geography》上的Roepke Lecture特邀文章中首次提出[1].作为过去20多年经济地理学的一个主要学术支柱,GPN研究经历了两个重要的理论发展阶段,即从早期的广泛而一般的GPN框架2-4]过渡到更加具备解释性的GPN 2.0理论[5-7].在GPN研究理论快速发展的这个时期里,Coe等首先提出了"战略耦合"这一关键而新颖的概念[4],并由Yeung对其进行了完善[8-10]. 相似文献