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为预防脑血管病发生、发展,提高人群自我保健意识,利用西安市2010—2013年脑血管病死亡人数和同期气象数据,通过SPSS17.0对气象因子与脑血管疾病逐日死亡人数进行单因素相关分析,通过多元逐步回归方法按月建立脑血管病日死亡人数预报模型,并建立脑血管病气象危险指数等级,应用2014年资料检验预报模型及等级预报。结果表明:西安市不同月份与脑血管病死亡人数有显著相关的气象因素不同;按月建立的脑血管病预报模型准确率在78%以上,气象危险指数等级预报准确率达90%,预报模型及气象危险指数等级预报效果较好。 相似文献
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利用武汉市1994～2006年共13年1464个中暑病例资料和同期逐日气象资料,分别统计逐日中暑人数、日平均中暑人数与气象因子的线性、非线性相关系数,筛选出关键气象因子,建立中暑与多气象因子的非线性模型,制订中暑气象等级标准.结果表明:气温是中暑发生的最关键影响因子,不利气象因子3天或3天以上的累积效应才能导致中暑群发,中暑人数与气象因子呈现非线性关系.建立了日平均中暑人数与前3日平均气温、前3 日平均最小相对湿度的指数模型.将日平均中暑人数划分为5级,并应用该等级标准进行历史样本同代检验和独立样本预报检验,效果较好. 相似文献
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胡雷 《气候变化研究进展》2016,12(4):341-347
本文首先从规模、结构和效率3个方面在理论上分析我国城镇化对二氧化碳排放的影响机理。并利用1978-2012年的数据,采用对数迪氏平均指数分解方法（LMDI）量化分析规模效应、结构效应和技术效应的影响程度。结果表明：城镇化导致的经济增长是人均二氧化碳排放增加的主要拉动因素;而城镇化过程中结构调整是人均二氧化碳排放的主要拉低因素;城镇化过程中技术效应拉低了人均二氧化碳的排放,但与结构效应相比影响效果较小。研究认为：城镇化带来的结构变化的影响越来越重要,成为降低碳排放的最大因素,目前技术效应正在发挥作用,但是作用有限,如果要实现低碳城镇化,需要提高能源使用效率来发挥技术效应的作用。 相似文献
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为了帮助医疗机构合理调配医务力量、床位和医疗药物,同时也帮助脑卒中高危人群及时采取干预措施,降低发病风险。本文对某市[1]四家医院2013—2016年脑卒中的就诊病例进行数据分析,将日就诊人数分为6个等级。然后,调取相应时段当地的逐日气象资料,采用支持向量机(SVM)和随机森林(RF)方法分别建立了日就诊人数预测模型和日就诊人数与气象因素的关系模型。研究结果表明:(1)脑卒中的日就诊人数为不平衡数据,这种数据特征将导致传统的预测模型正确率较低;(2)通过不断调整SVM预测模型的初始权重,经历了4次优化之后,使得日就诊人数的预测正确率从52.46%上升到94.56%;(3)随机森林模型的结果显示,影响脑卒中发病率的三大气象因素分别是最高气温、最低气温和平均气温。基于机器学习模型的脑卒中疾病与气象因素的研究成果,提高了医疗气象统计模型的预报准确率,具有较高的应用和推广价值。 相似文献
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主要研究了随机对数线性(SLL)模型以及如何基于SLL模型计算欧式期权平均收益.此外,还演绎了资产价格的Monte Carlo模拟. 相似文献
7.
为了解昼夜温差对儿童哮喘的影响关系,采用基于时间序列的广义相加模型(GAM),在控制季节变化、节假日效应、气压、风速、相对湿度混杂效应后,分析2012—2015年石家庄地区昼夜温差与0~14岁儿童哮喘门诊日就诊人数的时间序列关系。结果发现:昼夜温差与儿童哮喘门诊就诊人数呈"U"型关系,当DTR8.8℃时,随着DTR每上升1℃,儿童哮喘就诊总人数将增加1.4%;0~6岁、7~14岁不同年龄段儿童受昼夜温差的影响不同,0~6岁幼儿呈"U"型变化关系,而7~14岁少儿哮喘就诊人数随昼夜温差的增大总体上呈增加趋势;当DTR14.9℃时,少儿哮喘门诊就诊人数的相对危险度(RR)为1.045,随着DTR每上升1℃,少儿哮喘门诊就诊人数将增加4.5%,增加更为显著。 相似文献
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为研究气象要素对成人哮喘住院人数的影响,利用2013年1月1日至2016年12月31日石家庄市成人哮喘医保住院资料及气象、环境观测站数据,采用广义相加模型（GAM）,在控制了时间趋势、节假日效应、空气污染等混杂因素后,分析气象要素与成人哮喘住院人数的暴露—反应关系。结果表明：各气象要素对成人哮喘住院人数的影响差异明显,日均气温（T）、日最高气温（Tmax）、日最低气温（Tmin）每上升1℃,成人哮喘住院风险分别减少0.7%、0.6%、0.7%;日均气压（P）每上升1 hPa,成人哮喘住院风险增加0.6%;日均风速（Ws）每增大1 m·s-1,成人哮喘住院风险减少5.2%;当相对湿度RH<24%时,相对湿度每增加1%,成人哮喘住院风险减少3.4%;当RH≥92%时,相对湿度每增加1%,成人哮喘住院风险增加12.5%;气温、气压、风速对成人哮喘住院人数的的影响均在当天或滞后1天（lag0—1）效应最大;根据各气象要素影响特点,可为健康气象预报服务及公众防御提供依据。 相似文献
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Effect of different cold air intensities and their lagged effects on outpatient visits for respiratory illnesses in Handan in different seasons 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xingshan Zhang Guiqin Fu Liang Zhao Ji Wang Caimeng Liang Juanhuai Wang Meng Li 《大气和海洋科学快报》2024,(1):41-46
本文利用2016年到2019年邯郸市气象要素和呼吸系统疾病门诊数据,分析了不同季节不同强度的冷空气过程及其对呼吸系统疾病的影响.结果显示:尽管呼吸系统疾病在冬季高发,夏季最低,但冷空气对呼吸系统疾病的影响在夏,春季最大,就诊人数分别在冷空气日后两天和五天增加18.4%和13.3%,而冬季就诊人数在冷空气日后三天仅增加3.2%.冷空气对疾病影响的滞后时间在夏,秋和冬季随冷空气强度的增加而减少,而春季的滞后时间总是很长.这些发现可为科学应对气候异常导致的人群健康风险提供针对性依据. 相似文献
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评价高温、热浪、闷热不同热感天气暴露对心脑血管疾病死亡人数的影响。采用广义相加模型（GAM）、平滑曲线阈值效应方法,在控制了时间序列长期趋势、季节效应、节假日效应的混杂影响后,分析了2010—2016年的6—8月石家庄高温、热浪、闷热不同热感天气暴露对心脑血管疾病死亡人数的影响,并分析了男女性别的分人群效应。研究期间收集到心脑血管疾病死亡总计6552人,日均死亡10.2人,日死亡最多为40.0人。对应期间出现高温日98 d,热浪日58 d,闷热日79 d。相对于非高温、热浪、闷热日,高温、热浪、闷热天气对心脑血管疾病死亡人数影响的相对危险度分别为1.086（95%置信区间（95%CI）:1.013—1.164）、1.252（95%CI:1.101—1.442）、1.100（95%CI:1.020—1.185）,其最大滞后效应分别为3 d、1 d、0 d,对应死亡人数增加的风险分别为12.2%、31.8%、10.0%,且对女性的影响风险均大于男性。高温、热浪、闷热天气均可导致心脑血管疾病死亡风险的增加,归因滞后1 d热浪死亡的风险最大,归因闷热天气死亡的风险未发现滞后效应,建议依据不同热感天气有针对性地建立健康风险管理和应对机制。 相似文献
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温室气体排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线检验与减排路径的冲击动态——基于黑龙江省统计核算数据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于2001-2015年黑龙江省温室气体排放统计核算数据,对地区GDP与温室气体排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线关系检验呈现倒U型,预期2019年达到理论拐点;通过偏最小二乘回归模型得到4个减排路径的年平均减排效果顺序依次为单位GDP化石能源消费量减少、经济结构调整、人均GDP增长、贸易结构变化;减排路径对应脉冲响应函数的动态冲击效果分别为波动性增排、收敛性减排、发散性减排、转变的排放作用;推动黑龙江省温室气体减排的路径顺序为控制化石能源消费量、优化经济结构、发展低碳经济、调整贸易结构。 相似文献
12.
基于自回归分布滞后模型,分析1980—2007年中国碳强度的主要影响因素。结果表明,碳强度与人均GDP、能源效率、工业增加值比重之间存在长期均衡关系。能源效率改进使碳强度下降,工业增加值比重上升使碳强度上升。人均GDP与碳强度之间存在倒U型关系。中国碳强度在20世纪90年代初就达到了转折点。但是,由于近年来能源效率下降和工业比重上升,中国的碳强度又出现反弹。 相似文献
13.
《Global Environmental Change》2000,10(2):121-132
This paper offers a few preliminary steps in bringing the equity implications of building global emissions trading, Annex B trading only, and no trading to the fore as an issue to be considered in the negotiations of how to implement the Kyoto Protocol. All three policy regimes worked within the Charles Rivers State Impacts Assessment Model to make the distribution of per capita gross state product across the United States worse than it would be otherwise, but not significantly. In terms of the distribution of per capita consumption across the states, though, all three of the policy alternatives worked to improve equity (even more) modestly with the largest improvement associated with the “No Trade” option. The equity implications of alternative trading regimes were far more striking in the global context. Global trading did sustain the highest mean in per capita consumption, but the “No Trade” and “Annex B” trading alternatives reduced significantly the underlying inequity in the distribution of per capita. Weighted by a logarithmic utility function, the present value of the certainty equivalent level of mean per capita consumption would fall by more than five times the efficiency gain if global trading were allowed instead of limited Annex B trading. Moreover, this measure of willingness to pay to avoid inequity would be more than eight times larger than the efficiency gain if global trading were chosen over the “No Trade” alternative. The estimates reported here are, of course, highly speculative and extremely model-specific. Different models and, more importantly, different allocations of permits within the United States and/or across the globe would produce different results. The results do not mean that global trading in emissions permits should be shelved because the equity properties are so poor. Much like the other studies that have identified issues that need to be monitored carefully in the design of mechanisms with which the signators of Kyoto Protocol might meet their commitments, though, they do emphatically add equity to the list of fundamental concerns that must be considered. 相似文献
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In this paper we present the initial results from a project to develop a population health model so we can extend the scenarios
included in the IPCC’s Special Report on Emission Scenarios to include population health status. Our initial hypothesis was
that some climatic variable, particularly temperature, would have a significant impact on health outcomes. After experiments
– using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data on Years of Life Lost (YLL) and Years Lived with disability (YLD) both by
WHO region and by five degree latitude band as outcome variables – failed, we settled on life expectancy (LE) as the best
measure of health status. We discovered that there is a solid relationship between LE and the GBD data from our first experiments,
allowing us to extend the results from the LE model. The LE model used cross section data on LE for 91 countries and included
temperature, per capita income, access to clean water and sanitation, literacy, simple medical attention, nutrition, per capita
medical expenditure, electricity use per capita, and automobiles per capita as independent variables. While all were individually
associated with LE, our model of choice included literacy, access to clean water and sanitation, simple medical attention,
an indictor variable for Sub-Saharan Africa and purchasing-power parity per capita income. Note that neither temperature nor
calories enter into this model. The fit between life expectancy, as predicted by this model, and actual life expectancy was
quite good (R
2 =0.90), except for Rwanda, Uganda, and Madagascar; these countries accounted for one half of the unexplained variation in
the model. The LE model was then used to develop trajectories of life expectancy in India for the four IPCC SRES storylines,
where values for the independent variables were extrapolated based on the story line content. YLL and YLD estimates were created
using the current cross relationship of these outcomes to LE. Given the lack of a general role for climate in our LE model,
future work is planned to explore how to add detailed climate related impacts, to explore alternative nutritional variables,
as well as extend the data set to allow a cross-section time-series approach. 相似文献
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One strand of research relates the magnitude of severe weather disasters to climatic and human development factors; another highlights dramatic growth in catastrophe losses. However, there have been few attempts to put the two strands together. Here we use an explicit modeling framework to determine the contribution of climate variability relative to human factors in reported catastrophe losses. We then examine how future climate change can be expected to affect losses from natural disasters. Simultaneous regression models are constructed from three equations in which the dependent variables are U.S. flood loss, U.S. hurricane loss and U.S. catastrophe loss. Then two kinds of simulation under two climate change scenarios explore how climate change would affect losses. The climate change scenarios respectively project 13.5% and 21.5% increases in annual precipitation. The first simulation increases only the mean value of annual precipitation; the second simulation assumes that the mean and standard deviation of annual precipitation change in the same proportion. Results show that the growth in reported losses from weather-related natural disasters is due mainly to three socioeconomic factors: inflation, population growth and growth in per capita real wealth. However, weather variables such as precipitation and the number of hurricanes per period also clearly affect losses. The three stage least squares (3SLS) simultaneous equation model shows that a 1% increase in annual precipitation would enlarge catastrophe loss by as much as 2.8%. These findings are suggestive as planning signals to decision makers. 相似文献
16.
在梳理新常态以来各省经济布局发展以及能源需求特征的基础上,重点剖析了国家区域协调发展战略,并利用中国多区域动态可计算一般均衡模型（China Multi-Regional Computable General Equilibrium,CMRCGE）,对“十四五”时期各省经济社会发展、能源需求及碳排放进行了模拟分析。主要结论包括：(1)在区域协调发展战略指引下,预计到“十四五”末,中国将有13个省市人均GDP超过1.5万美元,16个省市人均GDP在1.0万~1.5万美元之间,各省经济有望实现平稳较快发展。(2)预计2025年各省能源需求总量可达54.5亿tce（由于数据原因,未测算西藏）,“十四五”年均增长约为1.5%,能源需求仍保持低速增长。同时能源需求的重心逐步从东部向中部转移,而西部地区能源大省的用能比重基本保持稳定,这与各地所处的经济发展阶段、区域协调发展战略导向基本一致。(3)“十四五”时期各省的碳排放（主要考虑能源利用碳排放）强度年均降幅约为5.4%,绝大部分省份降幅超过4.0%。近年来碳强度显著下降的趋势有望继续保持。 相似文献
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全球气候变暖已经成为不争的事实,人们逐渐认识到依靠大量能源消费的生产方式、不惜牺牲环境的经济增长模式、无节制大量消费的生活方式应该从根本上得到改变.城市作为工业、建筑、交通的载体,也是高能耗、高碳排放的主要源头,需要改变传统城市发展的模式来应对全球变暖的挑战,发展低碳城市被认为是未来最有希望的经济发展动力.首先采用IPCC能源转换模型对南京市碳排量进行测算,选取南京的人口数量、GDP、人均GDP、人口城市化率、产业结构多元化系数（ESD）、能源消费结构多元化系数（ESCD）和能源强度作为对比数列,以南京CO2排放总量作为参考数列,运用灰色系统关联模型进行关联度计算并排序.结果显示,南京市碳排放量关联度从大到小依次为ESD、人口数量、城市化率、ECSD、能源强度、人均GDP、GDP,这与南京工业生产因化石能源的大量使用对城市碳排放量贡献占总排量一半以上的分析结果相吻合.最后详细分析各指标对南京建设低碳城市的影响,并提出对策建议. 相似文献
18.
Alan F. Hamlet Se-Yeun Lee Kristian E. B. Mickelson Marketa M. Elsner 《Climatic change》2010,102(1-2):103-128
Climate strongly affects energy supply and demand in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and Washington State (WA). We evaluate potential effects of climate change on the seasonality and annual amount of PNW hydropower production, and on heating and cooling energy demand. Changes in hydropower production are estimated by linking simulated streamflow scenarios produced by a hydrology model to a simulation model of the Columbia River hydro system. Changes in energy demand are assessed using gridded estimates of heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) which are then combined with population projections to create energy demand indices that respond both to climate, future population, and changes in residential air conditioning market penetration. We find that substantial changes in the amount and seasonality of energy supply and demand in the PNW are likely to occur over the next century in response to warming, precipitation changes, and population growth. By the 2040s hydropower production is projected to increase by 4.7–5.0% in winter, decrease by about 12.1–15.4% in summer, with annual reductions of 2.0–3.4%. Larger decreases of 17.1–20.8% in summer hydropower production are projected for the 2080s. Although the combined effects of population growth and warming are projected to increase heating energy demand overall (22–23% for the 2020s, 35–42% for the 2040s, and 56–74% for the 2080s), warming results in reduced per capita heating demand. Residential cooling energy demand (currently less than one percent of residential demand) increases rapidly (both overall and per capita) to 4.8–9.1% of the total demand by the 2080s due to increasing population, cooling degree days, and air conditioning penetration. 相似文献
19.
利用世界银行1970—2007年的112个国家（地区）的人均碳排放量和城市化率数据,基于SPSS与Eviews软件,分析城市化水平与人均碳排放量的关联机理。结果表明,随着城市化水平的上升,人均碳排放量逐步增加;40%的城市化率是人均碳排放变化的转折点;在相近城市化水平下,经济发展水平较高地区和化石能源主产区的人均碳排放高于其他地区。格兰杰因果检验表明,人均碳排放与城市化之间基本存在着格兰杰因果关系;地区之间的格兰杰因果检验结果既有共性,也有差异。 相似文献
20.
减少粮食浪费不仅关乎粮食安全,而且对于温室气体减排与生态环境保护也至关重要.本文基于生命周期理论,构建了餐厅食物消费模型;然后通过对北京某风味餐厅的现场调研,量化评估了餐厅每人次产生的平均温室气体排放量,并对餐厅剩余食物产生的原因以及通过减少餐厅食物剩余带来的温室气体减排潜力进行了系统分析.研究结果表明,一个中等规模的... 相似文献