共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
红色精灵是一种发生于闪电放电活跃的雷暴云上空的中高层大气瞬态发光现象,它们通常由中尺度对流系统层状云降水区内的强地闪回击产生,是对流层和中间层之间的一种能量耦合过程。目前,有关中国南海及东南亚地区的红色精灵观测鲜有报道。为了进一步了解热带地区产生红色精灵事件的沿海性雷暴特征,于2019年利用低光度光学观测系统和低频磁场天线在马来西亚马六甲地区开展了地基观测。实验于11月9日、12月11日和12月15日三次在沿海雷暴上空共捕捉到7例红色精灵事件,其中包括4例圆柱型、2例胡萝卜型和1例舞蹈型。结合闪电定位、云顶亮温和低频磁场信号等同步数据,分析表明所有事件均由正极性地闪回击产生,且母体闪电回击位于雷暴对流区附近（云顶亮温≤ 210 K处）,这可能是该地区产生红色精灵的沿海性雷暴的共同特征。此外,红色精灵生成期并不是闪电活动最强期,而是发生于闪电频数短暂降低后,这表明红色精灵的发生可能是该地区成熟雷暴中对流减弱的一个信号。 相似文献
2.
红色精灵是发生在雷暴云上空的一种瞬态发光事件（Transient Luminous Events,TLEs）,它们由地闪回击或与连续电流共同作用产生,这表明了对流层和低电离层之间的直接耦合关系。中国大陆的红色精灵观测研究主要在华北地区开展,为了进一步研究中国中高纬度地区的红色精灵现象,并揭示其与母体雷暴之间的相关性,故2017年夏季在吉林辽源开展了观测实验。本文介绍了利用低光度相机在东北地区捕捉到的26例红色精灵事件,并结合闪电定位、天气雷达等同步观测数据,对红色精灵及其母体雷暴特征进行了分析。结果表明,在26例红色精灵事件中,有17次（约2/3）产生于一次尺度较大的中尺度对流系统（Mesoscale Convective System,MCS）,其余（约1/3）的红色精灵事件分别由三次尺度相对较小的中尺度对流系统诱发产生。红色精灵母体闪电均位于对流核心边缘区域,中尺度对流系统对流区后无大面积层状云降水区。此外,吉林辽源及安徽合肥同步记录的电磁场脉冲信号表明上述红色精灵事件均由正地闪回击产生。 相似文献
3.
红色精灵是发生在雷暴云上空的一种大尺度瞬态放电发光现象,它们通常出现在地面上空40～90 km之间,是由地闪回击和随后可能存在的连续电流产生的。目前,由于综合同步观测资料较少,与夏季红色精灵相比,全世界对冬季红色精灵的研究屈指可数。2008年12月27～28日,受高空槽及低层暖湿气流的影响,北美阿肯色州地区爆发了一次冬季雷暴天气过程,搭载于FORMOSAT-2卫星上的ISUAL（Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning）探测器有幸在这次雷暴上空记录到了两例红色精灵事件。本文利用ISUAL获取的红色精灵观测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料、美国国家闪电定位资料、超低频磁场数据、美国国家环境中心/气候预测中心提供的云顶亮温和探空数据等综合观测数据,对产生红色精灵的这次冬季雷暴特征和相关闪电活动规律进行了详细研究。结果表明,在两例红色精灵中,ISUAL均未观测到伴随的“光晕（halo）”现象,第一例为“圆柱状”红色精灵,第二例红色精灵由于发光较暗,无法判断其具体形态。产生红色精灵的母体雷暴是一次中尺度对流系统,该系统于27日15:00（协调世界时,下同）左右出现在阿肯色州北部附近,并自西向东移动。23:59系统发展到最强,最大雷达反射率因子（55～60 dBZ）的面积达到339 km2,之后开始减弱。03:03雷暴强度有所增加,随后云体便逐渐扩散,雷暴开始减弱,并在11:00完全消散。两例红色精灵发生分别在04:46:05和04:47:14,此时雷暴处于消散阶段,正负地闪频数均处于一个较低水平且正地闪比例显著增加,并且多位于云顶亮温?40°C～?50°C的层状云区上空。红色精灵的出现伴随着30～35 dBZ回波面积的增加。在红色精灵发生期间,雷达反射率大于40 dBZ的面积减少,10～40 dBZ的面积增加,表明红色精灵的产生与雷暴对流的减弱和层状云区的发展有关,这与已有的夏季红色精灵的研究结果类似。红色精灵的母体闪电为正地闪单回击,位于中尺度对流系统雷达反射率为25～35 dBZ的层状云降水区,对应的雷达回波顶高分别为2.5 km和5 km,峰值电流分别为+183 kA和+45 kA。根据超低频磁场数据估算两个母体闪电的脉冲电荷矩变化（iCMC）分别为+394 C km和+117 C km。超低频磁天线记录到了第一例红色精灵内部的电流信号,表明这例红色精灵放电很强。 相似文献
4.
本文利用福卫二号卫星（FORMOSAT-2）搭载的高空大气闪电影像仪（Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightnings, ISUAL）于2004～2015年期间获得的数据，分析了青藏高原南麓地区（22°～30°N, 86°～98°E）观测到的多例红色精灵事件。通过与全球闪电定位网（World Wide Lightning Location Network，WWLLN）的观测资料进行对比，在分析了17次个例后发现对于大部分红色精灵事件，ISUAL给出的定位效果较好，与WWLLN的闪电定位结果偏差一般小于50 km，这与在北美及其邻近地区得到的结果一致。在此基础上，我们结合风云二号卫星的云顶亮温数据分析了青藏高原南麓地区红色精灵的母体雷暴特征，发现在青藏高原南麓地区除了中尺度对流系统外，小尺度对流系统也是这个地区产生红色精灵的主要天气系统。 相似文献
5.
雷暴的观测和记录,《地面气象观测规范》已有明确的规定,但在实际工作中做到按规定认真观测、正确记录好这一天气现象还存在一些值得研究的问题。《规范》中对雷暴观测、记录的要求:“应从整体出发判别其系统,记录其起止时间和开始、终止方向,切忌零乱记载。”要做到这一点,首先必须抓住cb云的形成和发展,以此来判别其雷暴的系统,正确记录闻雷的时间和方向。大家知道cb云是雷暴形成的必要条件,观测时,密切注意cb云的形成和发展,就可准确地观测,记录雷暴的起止时间和方向。在判别雷暴的 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
浅谈雷暴与闪电的观测记录姜庆芝（兴安盟气象处）雷暴和闪电都是积雨云中，云间或云地之间产生的放电现象。雷暴出现时有时闪电兼雷暴，有时只闻雷声而不见闪电。雷暴与闪电的观测记录方法《规范》中己有明确规定，但从报表审核发现，在雷电多发季节，疑误记录时有发生，... 相似文献
9.
cb云有互变云仓库之称,是主要降水云 种之一,因此对其正确观测、判断和记录就显得特别重要。cb云按季节主要可归纳为两 大类:一是冬春季节的cb云,二是夏秋季节 的cb云。前者较难判断,后者较易判断,现 对冬春季节的cb云和夜间cb云的观测及判断 作如下论述: 一、冬春季节的cb云:冬季冷空气活动 频繁,此时多以稳定性层状云为主,只有当 冷空气较强且移速较快时(急型冷锋)偶尔 才出现cb云或伴有雷暴。春季是冷暖气团转 换季节,海洋不断向大陆输送暖湿空气,只 要从地面到高空有较强对流条件出现时,就 容易产生cb云,并伴有雷暴(初雷日)和冰 雹、大风等灾害性天气。 相似文献
10.
11.
华北地区一次中尺度对流系统上方的Sprite放电现象及其对应的雷达回波和闪电特征 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用低光度相机首次观测到了2013年7月31日华北地区一次中尺度对流系统(MCS)上空产生的中高层Sprite放电现象。结合闪电定位、天气雷达等同步观测, 对一次MCS诱发的Sprite的形态学特征及其对应的母体闪电和雷暴系统的雷达回波特征等进行了详细分析。研究除发现了2例圆柱型、3例胡萝卜型和1例舞蹈型 Sprite外, 还发现了2例发光主体发育不完全的Y字型Sprite。估算的Sprite的底部平均高度低于61.8±3.5 km, 顶部平均高度为84.3±6.8 km。Sprite持续时间算术平均值为25.7±9.8 ms, 几何平均值为24.4 ms。Sprite的母体闪电均为正地闪, 峰值电流在+62.5～+106.2 kA之间, 算术平均值为+77.1±22.2 kA, 是本次MCS所有正地闪平均峰值电流的1.4倍。Sprite母体闪电的脉冲电荷矩变化(iCMC)在+475～+922 C km之间, 几何平均值为+571.0 C km。Sprite母体闪电发生在MCS雷达回波25～35 dBZ的层状云降水区, 弱回波(<30 dBZ)面积的突然增加对Sprite的产生有重要指示作用。Sprite易发生在MCS成熟—消散阶段正地闪比例(POP)显著增加的时段。在本次MCS消散阶段中, 有两个时间段可能有利于产生Sprite。在Sprite集中发生时间段, 北京闪电综合探测网(BLNET)探测到的正地闪比例为54.2%, 正地闪连续电流比例70.24%, 连续电流持续时间为58.17±50.31 ms, 有利于Sprite的产生。 相似文献
12.
Sprites are brief optical emissions occurring above thunderstorms. Features of sprites and their parent thunderstorms and lightning activities have been studied by many researchers. Here, we report a single sprite recorded over a mesoscale convective system during its life cycle in Northeast China. The results show that the sprite might have been a dancing one,with a 20 km horizontal displacement from its parent cloud-to-ground flash(CG) and a 38 ms time delay; all the sprite elements occurred during the continuing current process of the parent flash. The peak current of the parent CG was the largest during the almost one-hour time window containing the sprite, and the absolute values of all the negative flashes were smaller than 100 k A during the same time period and did not produce sprite. The sprite did not occur during the time period in which the maximum area of the thunderstorm reached. The occurrence of sprite corresponded well with the decay of the thunderstorm convection, and no significant relationship between the occurrence of sprite and the increase in the 30–35 d BZ and 35–40 d BZ interval was found. The large wind gradient in the 8–12 km region of the thunderstorm may have played an important role in the sprite production. 相似文献
13.
14.
Three summer thunderstorms in the eastern region of China were analyzed in detail using multiple data, including Doppler radar, lightning location network, TRMM （Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission）, MT- SAT （Multi-Function Transport Satellite） images, NCEP （National Centers for Environmental Prediction） Reanalysis, and radiosonde. Two of the three storms were sprite-producing and the other was non-sprite- producing. The two sprite-producing storms occurred on 1 2 August and 2~28 July 2007, producing 16 and one sprite, respectively. The non-sprite-producing storm occurred on 29-30 July 2007. The major ob- jective of the study was to try to find possible differences between sprite-producing and non-sprite producing storms using the multiple datasets. The results showed that the convection in the 1-2 August storm was the strongest compared with the other storms, and it produced the largest number of sprites. Precipitation ice, cloud ice and cloud water content in the convective regions in the 1-2 August storm were larger than in the other two storms, but the opposite was true in the weak convective regions. The storm microphysical prop- erties along lines through parent CG （cloud-to-ground lightning） locations showed no special characteristics related to sprites. The flash rate evolution in the 1-2 August storm provided additional confirmation that major sprite activity coincides with a rapid decrease in the negative CG flash rate. However, the evolution curve of the CG flash rate was erratic in the sprite-producing storm on 27-28 July, which was significantly different from that in the 1 2 August storm. The average positive CG peak current in sprite-producing storms was larger than that in the non-sprite-producing one. 相似文献
15.
Anjing HUANG Gaopeng LU Hongbo ZHANG Feifan LIU Yanfeng FAN Baoyou ZHU Jing YANG Zhichao WANG 《大气科学进展》2018,35(11):1396-1414
In this paper, we report the location results for the parent lightning strokes of more than 30 red sprites observed over an asymmetric mesoscale convective system(MCS) on 30 July 2015 in Shandong Province, China, with a long-baseline lightning location network of very-low-frequency/low-frequency magnetic field sensors. The results show that almost all of these cloud-to-ground(CG) strokes are produced during the mature stage of the MCS, and are predominantly located in the trailing stratiform region, which is similar to analyses of sprite-productive MCSs in North America and Europe. Comparison between the location results for the sprite-producing CG strokes and those provided by the World Wide Lightning Location Network(WWLLN) indicates that the location accuracy of WWLLN for intense CG strokes in Shandong Province is typically within 10 km, which is consistent with the result based on analysis of 2838 sprite-producing CG strokes in the continental United States. Also, we analyze two cases where some minor lightning discharges in the parent flash of sprites can also be located, providing an approach to confine the thundercloud region tapped by the sprite-producing CG strokes. 相似文献
16.
华北一次中尺度对流系统中的闪电活动特征及其与雷暴动力过程的关系研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用地面地闪定位资料、多普勒天气雷达和常规气象资料, 分析了一次具有前部对流线和后部大范围层状云降水(LLTS)的典型中尺度对流系统(MCS)的闪电活动演变特征。整个MCS生命史中负地闪占主导地位, 正地闪则表现不活跃。观测得到MCS消散阶段云闪与地闪的比例为2∶1, 地闪主要分布在地面相对位温和对流不稳定能量均达到高值的区域; 负地闪主要密集地分布在大于40 dBZ的回波范围内; 正地闪则稀疏地分布在30～40 dBZ的回波范围内。在低于-40℃的温度区域内地闪分布较多, 而密集的地闪分布在温度梯度大的区域内。结合单多普勒雷达的水平风场反演, 发现地闪集中出现在气流表现为气旋性切变或水平风呈现切变的区域。该区域与MCS的强回波区相对应, 并且地闪易发生在上升气流达到最大并开始出现下沉气流的阶段。 相似文献
17.
Serge Soula Oscar van der Velde Joan Montany Torsten Neubert Olivier Chanrion Michal Ganot 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):514-528
During the summers of 2003 to 2006 sprites were observed over thunderstorms in France by cameras on mountain tops in Southern France. The observations were part of a larger coordinated effort, the EuroSprite campaigns, with data collected simultaneously from other sources including the French radar network for precipitation structure, Meteosat with images of cloud top temperature and the Météorage network for detection of cloud-to-ground (CG) flash activity. In this paper two storms are analyzed, each producing 27 sprite events. Both storms were identified as Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) with a trailing stratiform configuration (ST) and reaching a maximum cloud area of ~ 120,000 km2. Most of the sprites were produced while the stratiform area was clearly developed and during periods of substantial increase of rainfall in regions with radar reflectivity between 30 and 40 dBZ. The sprite-producing periods followed a maximum in the CG lightning activity and were characterized by a low CG flash rate with a high proportion of + CG flashes, typically around 50%. All sprites were associated with + CGs except one which was observed after a − CG as detected by the Météorage network. This − CG was estimated to have − 800 C km charge moment change. The peak current of sprite-producing + CG (SP + CG) flashes was twice the average value of + CGs and close to 60 kA with little variation between the periods of sprite activity. The SP + CG flashes were further characterized by short time intervals before a subsequent CG flash (median value < 0.5 s) and with clusters of several CG flashes which suggest that SP + CG flashes often are part of multi-CG flash processes. One case of a lightning process associated with a sprite consisted of 7 CG flashes. 相似文献