共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
强对流天气综合监测业务系统建设 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
强对流天气监测是其预报的基础.国家气象中心强天气预报中心利用多源观测资料(常规和非常规资料)建设了强对流天气综合监测业务系统.强对流天气的监测对象包括积云、地面高温、雷暴、地闪、冰雹、龙卷、大风、雷暴大风、短时强降水、雷暴反射率因子、对流风暴(基于雷达资料)、深对流云及中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective Systems,MCS,基于静止卫星红外1通道资料)等不同时段的分布.发展的监测技术主要包括自动站资料质量控制技术、强对流信息提取和统计技术、直角坐标交叉相关雷达回波追踪(Cartesian Tracking Radar Echoes by Correlation,CTREC)技术、雷暴识别追踪分析和临近预报(Thunderstorm Identification Tracking Analysis and Nowcasting,TITAN)技术、深对流云识别技术、中尺度对流系统识别和追踪技术,以及闪电密度监测技术等.强对流天气监测系统自动定时运行,其输出数据与MICAPS业务平台完全兼容.该监测系统在国家气象中心的强对流天气预报业务中发挥了重要作用. 相似文献
2.
中国当代强对流天气研究与业务进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对当代中国几十年来强对流天气研究和业务进展做了阐述，主要包括强对流系统产生的环境背景和主要组织形态，以及具体强对流天气的有利环境条件、触发机制、卫星云图特征、多普勒天气雷达回波特征以及预报、预警技术等诸方面。总体来看，中国学者对强对流以及不同类型强对流天气（强冰雹、龙卷、雷暴大风）发生、发展的环流背景以及通过雷达和卫星观测到的组织结构及其演变特征都已有了明确认识，研究了对流系统的多种触发机制，深入认识了超级单体、飑线等对流系统的环境条件、组织结构特征和维持机制，了解了中国中尺度对流系统的组织形态和气候分布特征，获得了强冰雹、龙卷、下击暴流和雷暴大风等的雷达、卫星和闪电等的多尺度观测特征、形成机制和现场灾害调查特征，发展了各类强对流天气识别、监测和分析方法以及基于“配料法”和深度学习方法等的预报、预警技术等。因此，强对流天气业务预报水平已得到显著提升。 相似文献
3.
This article reviews the advances in severe convection research and operation in China during the past several decades.The favorable synoptic situations for severe convective weather(SCW),the major organization modes of severe convective storms(SCSs),the favorable environmental conditions and characteristics of weather radar echoes and satellite images of SCW and SCSs,and the forecasting and nowcasting techniques of SCW,are emphasized.As a whole,Chinese scientists have achieved a profound understanding of the synoptic patterns,organization,and evolution characteristics of SCW from radar and satellite observations,and the mechanisms of different types of convective weather in China.Specifically,in-depth understanding of the multiple types of convection triggers,along with the environmental conditions,structures and organization modes,and maintenance mechanisms of supercell storms and squall lines,has been obtained.The organization modes and climatological distributions of mesoscale convective systems and different types of SCW,and the multiscale characteristics and formation mechanisms of large hail,tornadoes,downbursts,and damaging convective wind gusts based on radar,satellite,and lightning observations,as well as the related features from damage surveys,are elucidated.In terms of operational applications,different types of identification and mesoanalysis techniques,and various forecasting and nowcasting techniques using methods such as the"ingredients-based"and deep learning algorithms,have been developed.As a result,the performance of operational SCW forecasts in China has been significantly improved. 相似文献
4.
A study is presented focusing on the potential value of parameters derived from radiosonde data or data from numerical atmospheric models for the forecasting of severe weather associated with convective storms. Parameters have been derived from soundings in the proximity of large hail, tornadoes (including tornadoes over water: waterspouts) and thunderstorms in the Netherlands. 66,365 radiosonde soundings from six stations in and around the Netherlands between 1 Dec. 1975 to 31 Aug. 2003 were classified as being associated or not associated with these weather phenomena using observational data from voluntary observers, the Dutch National Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and lightning data from the U.K. Met. Office. It was found that instability as measured by the Lifted Index or CAPE and 0–6 km wind shear independently have considerable skill in distinguishing environments of large hail and of non-hail-producing thunderstorms. It was also found that CAPE released below 3 km above ground level is on average high near waterspouts and weak tornadoes that mostly occur with low shear in the lowest 1 km above the Earth's surface. On the other hand, low-level shear is strong in environments of stronger (F1 and F2) tornadoes and increases with increasing F-scale. This is consistent with the notion that stretching of pre-existing vertical vorticity is the most important mechanism for the formation of weak tornadoes while the tilting of vorticity is more important with stronger tornadoes. The presented results may assist forecasters to assess the likelihood of severe hail or tornadoes. 相似文献
5.
传统多普勒天气雷达强对流灾害性天气监测采用固定阈值判别法给出强风暴的冰雹闪电灾害预警结果,该方法不适用于不同经纬度、季节和复杂地形条件下的强对流天气识别预警。本文利用循环递归的区域生长法对TITAN算法进行改进,从而快速识别三维强风暴单体及其雷达特征物理量;使用多普勒天气雷达和TRMM星载气象雷达的历史观测数据反演河北石家庄地区春夏两季复杂地形条件下的强风暴灾害性天气Logistics多元线性回归概率预警模型。对发生在河北石家庄夏季的一次强飑线天气和发生在春季的一次超级多单体风暴天气进行冰雹闪电灾害性天气识别预警实验,并与传统算法进行误差对比分析。实验结果表明:与传统算法对比,该方法对强风暴天气识别预警的定位精度较高,并且其漏报率和虚报率较低,有助于快速识别预警强对流灾害性天气。 相似文献
6.
7.
兰州市冰雹预报方法研究及系统介绍 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用近10a5～9月天气资料为样本,结合兰州地形、地貌、地理位置以及兰州冰雹时空分布、天气气候等特点,应用高空、地面、数值预报产品,以区域内任一点的冰雹为预报对象,以24h不漏报为原则,以自动和人机交互结合的方式进行消空条件、入型条件、启动系统、冰雹有无的判别,制作了兰州冰雹天气的短期(短时)预报工具,主要侧重于为人工消雹作业提供预警、预报信息。2004年5月业务试运行中,成功预报2次局地小冰雹,准确率达67％。 相似文献
8.
针对长江中游强风暴天气特点和现代预报业务需求,在借鉴世界临近预报系统, 特别是美国的Auto-Nowcaster和WDSS-II以及英国的GANDOLF等先进经验的基础上,以我国多普勒天气雷达网为重要技术手段,结合数值预报等信息资源,于2007年研究建成长江中游临近预报业务系统 (MYNOS)。MYNOS主要技术方法包括:雷达与雨量计实时同步积分结合的降水估算方法 (RASIM),雷达反演参量与中尺度模式输出物理量相结合的强风暴性质自动识别和追踪技术,基于暴雨回波生命史特性约束下的多尺度合成降水量临近预报,基于数值预报模式和模糊逻辑学的强对流天气分类落区潜势预报,集GIS功能并整合各种定量监测与预警产品于一体的短时预报工作站。MYNOS已成为短时临近预报业务的支撑平台,其中实时生成的流域定量降水估算与临近预报、强对流天气分类潜势诊断与识别预警产品等成为日常预报业务的重要参考依据。 相似文献
9.
2011年4月17日广东强对流天气过程分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用地面和高空观测、卫星、雷达和闪电及自动站资料对2011年4月1 7日出现在广东省的强对流天气的背景和演变进行了分析和总结,本次强对流过程出现了短时强降水、雷雨大风和冰雹等强对流天气,具有风力强、中尺度强风暴系统明显、局地性强和灾情严重等特点。分析表明,地面锋面抬升是本次强对流天气发生的主要触发机制,珠三角地区的地形平坦、广东中层的干急流以及较大的垂直风切变可能是强风暴系统发展和维持的主要因素。最后,本文也分析了当时的主观预报思路并提出了一些思考和总结。 相似文献
10.
该文利用基于格点冰雹识别的研究成果,结合ARPS风暴数值模式的输出结果,提出基于风暴数值模式的冰雹临近预报方法,即用风暴数值预报的水物质场反演的反射率因子场作为冰雹的预报因子,并通过建立基于格点的强冰雹识别算法作为冰雹预报模型,从而对冰雹的落区及大小做出预报。与一般的冰雹预报模型相比,新的方法有以下特点：选取的冰雹预报因子物理意义更加明确,更加全面;建立的冰雹预报模型比较稳定;建立冰雹预报模型的过程相对简单。新的方法在一次强冰雹过程中得到了成功应用,在3h的临近预报中基本准确预报了强冰雹的落区位置。 相似文献
11.
Earle Williams Bob Boldi Anne Matlin Mark Weber Steve Hodanish Dave Sharp Steve Goodman Ravi Raghavan Dennis Buechler 《Atmospheric Research》1999,51(3-4)
The development of a new observational system called LISDAD (Lightning Imaging Sensor Demonstration and Display) has enabled a study of severe weather in central Florida. The total flash rates for storms verified to be severe are found to exceed 60 fpm, with some values reaching 500 fpm. Similar to earlier results for thunderstorm microbursts, the peak flash rate precedes the severe weather at the ground by 5–20 min. A distinguishing feature of severe storms is the presence of lightning ‘jumps' — abrupt increases in flash rate in advance of the maximum rate for the storm. The systematic total lightning precursor to severe weather of all kinds — wind, hail, tornadoes — is interpreted in terms of the updraft that sows the seeds aloft for severe weather at the surface and simultaneously stimulates the ice microphysics that drives the intracloud lightning activity. 相似文献
12.
The strong destructive winds during tornadoes can greatly threaten human life and destroy property. The increasing availability of visual and remote observations, especially by Doppler weather radars, is of great value in understanding tornado formation and issuing warnings to the public. In this study, we present the first documented tornado over water detected by a state-of-the-art dual-polarization phased-array radar (dual-PAR) in China. In contrast to new-generation weather radars, the dual-PAR shows great advantages in tornado detection for its high spatial resolution, reliable polarimetric variables, and rapid-scan strategy. The polarimetric signature of copolar cross-correlation coefficient with anomalously low magnitude appears to be effective for verifying a tornado and thus is helpful for issuing tornado warnings. The Guangdong Meteorological Service has been developing an experimental X-band dual-PAR network in the Pearl River Delta with the goal of deploying at least 40 advanced dual-PARs and other dual-polarization weather radars before 2035. This network is the first quasi-operational X-band dual-PAR network with unprecedented high coverage in the globe. With such high-performance close-range PARs, efficient operational nowcasting and warning services for small-scale, rapidly evolving, and damaging weather (e.g., tornadoes, localized heavy rainfall, microbursts, and hail) can be expected. 相似文献
13.
本文收集了1971-1985年粤东地区的28个冰雹天气过程,对降雹的气候特点、环流形势背景、能量场、位势稳定度场、局地大气特征的垂直分布和层结稳定度,以及卫星云图特征进行统计与分析,初步了解了粤东地区春、夏两季降雹前的一些天气特点和它们之间的差异,建立了降雹的四种天气模式、物理量诊断指标,为雷达加强监测、制作冰雹落区的短时预警报提供依据。最后还制作了冰雹的预报框图,供日常预报应用。 相似文献
14.
Characteristics and possible formation mechanisms of severe storms in the outer rainbands of Typhoon Mujiga (1522) 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Bingyun Wang Ming Wei Wei Hua Yongli Zhang Xiaohang Wen Jiafeng Zheng Nan Li Han Li Yu Wu Jie Zhu Mingjun Zhang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2017,31(3):612-624
To better understand how severe storms form and evolve in the outer rainbands of typhoons, in this study, we investigate the evolutionary characteristics and possible formation mechanisms for severe storms in the rainbands of Typhoon Mujigae, which occurred during 2–5 October 2015, based on the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, conventional observations, and Doppler radar data. For the rainbands far from the inner core (eye and eyewall) of Mujigae (distance of approximately 70–800 km), wind speed first increased with the radius expanding from the inner core, and then decreased as the radius continued to expand. The Rankine Vortex Model was used to explore such variations in wind speed. The areas of strong stormy rainbands were mainly located in the northeast quadrant of Mujigae, and overlapped with the areas of high winds within approximately 300–550 km away from the inner core, where the strong winds were conducive to the development of strong storms. A severe convective cell in the rainbands developed into waterspout at approximately 500 km to the northeast of the inner core, when Mujigae was strengthening before it made landfall. Two severe convective cells in the rainbands developed into two tornadoes at approximately 350 km to the northeast of the inner core after Mujigae made landfall. The radar echo bands enhanced to 60 dBZ when mesocyclones occurred in the rainbands and induced tornadoes. The radar echoes gradually weakened after the mesocyclones weakened. The tops of parent clouds of the mesocyclones elevated at first, and then suddenly dropped about 20 min before the tornadoes appeared. Thereby, the cloud top variation has the potential to be used as an early warning of tornado occurrence. 相似文献
15.
北京地区暖季对流天气的气候特征 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
对北京地区最近12年暖季(5—9月)雷暴、冰雹、暴雨和大风等各种对流天气进行了气候统计和分析。统计结果表明:北京地区暖季发生对流的概率很高,按日数统计的气候概率达47.77%,大风、暴雨和冰雹气候概率分别为27.29%、10.84%和6.29%。暴雨多发季节为7月中旬到8月上旬。冰雹集中于6月中、下旬。在对流天气的地理分布上,北京西北部、东北部山区及西南部山区多对流天气,中心区和东南部平原地区对流天气较少。暴雨呈西南—东北方向带状分布,东北部山区、中部和东南部平原地区多发生暴雨,而西北部和西南部山区很少发生暴雨。山区冰雹明显多于平原。西北部和东北部山区大风偏多。暴雨有明显的夜发性。冰雹集中发生在午后到傍晚,占冰雹总站次的76.72%。 相似文献
16.
《Atmospheric Research》2010,95(4):715-725
Flash floods are associated with highly localized convective storms producing heavy rainfall. Quantitative precipitation forecasting of such storms will potentially benefit from explicit representations of deep moist convection in numerical weather prediction models. However, explicit representation of moist convection is still not viable in operational mesoscale models, which rely on convective parameterizations for issuing short to medium-range forecasts. In this study we evaluate a technique that uses regional Cloud-to-Ground (CG) lightning observations to define areas of deep moist convection in thunderstorms and adjust the model-generated precipitation fields in those regions. The study focuses on a major flash flood inducing storm in central Europe (23 August 2005) that was simulated with the aid of an operational weather forecasting system (POSEIDON system based on Eta/NCEP model). The performance of the technique is assessed using as reference distributed rainfall estimates from a network of radar observations. The results indicate that CG lightning data can offer sufficient information to increase the mesoscale model skill in reproducing local convective precipitation that leads to flash floods. The model error correction is shown to be proportional to the density of lightning occurrence, making the technique potentially suitable for operational forecasting of flash flood inducing thunderstorms. 相似文献
17.
强对流天气预报业务包括监测、分析、预报、预警和检验等方面。对流初生识别、对流系统强度识别和对流天气类型识别等监测技术取得新进展,综合多源资料的监测技术已应用于中国气象局中央气象台业务。对流系统的触发、发展和维持机制等获得了新认识,我国不同类型强对流天气及其环境条件统计气候特征、分析规范及相应业务产品等为业务预报提供了必要基础和技术支撑。光流法、多尺度追踪技术以及应用模糊逻辑方法的临近预报技术等有明显进展,融合短时预报技术得到广泛应用,对流可分辨高分辨率数值 (集合) 预报及其后处理产品预报试验取得了显著成效,基于数值 (集合) 预报应用模糊逻辑方法的分类强对流天气短期预报技术为业务预报提供了技术支撑。强对流天气综合监测和多尺度自适应临近预报技术、多尺度分析技术以及融合短时预报技术、发展并应用模糊逻辑等方法的、基于高分辨率数值 (集合) 模式的区分不同强度等级和极端性的分类强对流天气精细化 (概率) 预报技术等是未来发展的主要方向。 相似文献
18.
使用CINRAD/SB新一代天气雷达基本数据资料,设计了一套简单的强降水、强对流天气的自动预警系统。以反射率强度和直径监测和预报暴雨系统,用垂直液态水含量监测和预报大风和冰雹系统,当系统监测到这几类灾害天气时,发出声音报警,提示预报员跟踪预报。从对2005年几次暴雨、大风、冰雹过程进行回报和对2006年灾害天气过程进行预报应用来看,利用多普勒雷达资料,可以对灾害性天气过程进行有效地识别和预警。反射率大于30dbz的直径在20km以上时,有利于出现强降水过程;垂直液态水含量大于18kgm-2,直径在10km以上,有利于18m.s-1以上大风出现;垂直液态水含量大于38kgm-2,直径在10km以上,有利于冰雹出现。 相似文献
19.
利用常规观测资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,对2009年6月6日鄂北冰雹天气发生前的抬升、水汽及不稳定条件进行了诊断分析。结果表明：地面中尺度辐合线为冰雹天气发生提供了抬升条件,促进强对流天气爆发;垂直水汽分布上,中低层干盖的形成有效地抑制了边界层对流的发展,为不稳定能量的积聚创造了有利条件;地面“干线”的形成,增加了大气的潜在斜压性,促进了次级环流的发展,增加了大气不稳定性。多普勒天气雷达资料以及闪电定位等监测数据分析表明：雷达回波组合反射率强度、回波顶高和垂直液态水含量的迅速跃增,对降雹有较好的指示意义;10 min闪电频次在降雹前出现了20次以上的峰值,可以起到冰雹预警作用。 相似文献
20.
一次弓形回波中超级单体发展造成的大风、冰雹天气分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用Micaps常规资料、自动站资料及灾情调查资料、雷达回波资料等,综合分析了2011年4月15日出现在安顺市的大风、冰雹天气,此次天气直接触发系统是地面辐合线。通过对加密自动站的数据分析表明此次过程是一次典型的飑线过程。对多普勒雷达资料的分析进一步表明是一次＂后续线＂发展型飑线影响,其中有超级单体风暴产生,弓形回波前最凸起部位前侧＂v＂型缺口处的强辐合入流造成镇宁站的大风,弓形回波特征减弱时后部弱回波通道中的下击暴流造成西秀区岩腊乡和紫云县猫营镇大风灾害。这两次大风灾害发生于强对流系统不同的发展阶段,产生的机制有所不同。 相似文献