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西昆仑塔木—卡兰古铅锌铜矿带含矿岩系的地质地球化学特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
新疆塔木—卡兰古铅锌铜成矿带位于西昆仑与塔里木盆地的结合带 ,是近年来新发现的一个大型矿带。通过对含矿岩系的岩石化学、成矿元素、硫同位素、稀土元素的研究 ,并结合流体包裹体成分及H、O同位素的综合研究分析 ,认为该成矿带可分为两种矿床类型 ,即砂砾岩型铅铜 (钴 )矿和碳酸盐岩型铅锌矿。二者为同一热卤水成矿系统的不同成矿阶段的产物 ,两类矿床可互为找矿标志。下部砂砾岩型矿床的成矿元素组合为Cu Co Pb Ag As(Ni Zn Cd) ,硫同位素组成表明富集轻硫 ,海底热液活动不强烈 ;上部碳酸盐岩型矿床的成矿元素组合为Pb Zn Cd As Ag Ba ,硫同位素分布具塔式结构 ,显示具海水还原硫和深源硫的混合来源 ,有强烈的海底热液活动。提出该成矿带的找矿目标应以上部碳酸盐岩型铅锌矿为主 ,同时应当注意下部砂砾岩型铅铜矿及其含铜砂页岩中钴的综合评价和工业利用。 相似文献
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《矿物学报》2017,(5)
新疆萨热克铜多金属矿床为近年来发现的砂砾岩型铜矿床。应用相关分析、聚类分析、因子分析等数学地质方法,对钻孔原生地球化学异常进行了研究,研究了成矿元素组合和垂向成矿成晕分带特征,进而对砂砾岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿成晕机理进行探讨。研究认为,成矿元素Mo、Ag与Cu表现出良好的相关性,可作为砂砾岩型铜多金属矿床的特征指示元素;成矿期热液主要以中-低温热液为主,可能存在高温热液,成矿环境为沉积成岩型,同时Fe参与了砂砾岩型铜矿床的成矿成晕作用;元素Cu、Pb、Zn主要以硫化物的形式赋存,辉绿岩可能携带了大量成矿成晕物质,成矿元素富集可能经历了复杂的后期叠加改造作用;Cu-Mo-Ag为砂砾岩型铜矿体成矿元素组合,Sb-As-Pb为砂砾岩型铅矿体成矿元素组合,Zn-Cd-Hg为砂砾岩型锌矿体成矿元素组合。Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、As、Hg、Cd、Sb元素在该区富集性强,具强分异作用,显示较强的后期改造作用,是该区的主成矿元素和伴生指示元素;钻孔原生异常垂直分带特征为上部元素组合为B-K-Cl型,成矿元素组合为Ag-Cu-Mo-Sr-As-Sb-Pb-Au-Zn-Hg-Cd型;下部元素组合可能为W,为具有显著热液叠加成矿元素组合特征,推测矿床存在多个成矿期次,深部可能存在盲矿体。 相似文献
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在沉积型铜矿床中,蚀变火山岩具有特殊的成岩成矿意义。采用构造岩相学填图、火山岩岩相类型划分和电子探针分析等综合方法,对玻利维亚Tupiza铜矿进行研究,结果表明在玻利维亚Tupiza铜矿区内,发育中深成相、次火山侵入相(次火山颈相)、火山溢流相、火山碎屑流相、沉火山岩相等。岩石组合类型为辉绿岩-辉绿玢岩、辉长岩-辉长玢岩、碱性玄武岩、钾质粗面玄武岩、橄榄玄武粗面安山岩和安粗岩。在区域上,碱性玄武质岩浆侵位具多期多阶段性,在Tupiza铜矿区内,采用矿物温度-压力计估算,镁普通角闪石形成温度630.97～748.43℃,压力55～251 MPa,推测成岩深度为2.04～9.27 km,揭示经历多阶段减压增温(减压熔融)、减压降温的成岩演化过程,在岩浆减压侵位过程中具有高温高氧化成岩环境。绿泥石形成温度为112～305℃,lgf(O2)为-45.03～-56.68,lgf(S2)为-4.46～-18.07,属中—低温还原成岩成矿环境,代表铜(银)主成矿期。次火山热液蚀变成岩成矿作用形成了Tupiza铜(银)矿床,蚀变火山岩是铜矿床的成矿物质供给系统,铜(银)矿体富集于蚀变火山岩相体与构造叠加部位,在NNE与NW向构造交汇部位尤为富集。在上白垩统阿诺依菲雅组第三岩性段蚀变火山岩层之下的第二岩性段顶部黄铁矿化砂砾岩中,验证钻孔揭露了铜(钴)矿化体,是深部寻找隐伏沉积岩型铜(钴)矿体找矿标志。在蚀变火山岩和外围砂砾岩中具有明显的铜铅锌矿化和异常。本文认为,在Tupiza铜矿床内,次火山热液成矿系统中心分布在蚀变次火山颈相中,富集铜(银)矿体;周边脉状-网脉状断裂-裂隙-蚀变带为铜铅锌成矿系统的过渡相带;而以赋存在上白垩统Aroifilla组第二岩性段中砂砾岩型铜(钴)矿体和Cu-Pb-Zn异常,为铜(钴)铅锌成矿系统的外缘相带。在深部围绕蚀变次火山岩相体具有寻找铜(银)、铜(钴)和铜铅锌矿体的潜力。 相似文献
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燕山地区中元古界金多金属矿床类型及其时空分布规律 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
燕山地区中元古界碎屑岩－碳酸盐岩系内赋存着似层状金矿、古砾岩型金矿、似层状银多金属矿、层状铅锌矿、夕卡岩型铜多金属矿及火山岩型铜矿６种不同类型的矿术。古砾岩型金矿、火山岩型铜矿与层状铅锌矿分别形成于中元古宙常州沟期、大红峪期与高于庄期;似层状金矿、银多金属矿与夕卡岩型铜多金属矿则主要形成于中生代燕山期。中元古宙金多金属矿化的空间分布受同沉积构造、岩相古地理与古沉积环境等因素所制约,而燕山期金、银、 相似文献
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开展成矿蚀变-构造岩相解析建相和建模预测研究已成为矿田构造与找矿预测的创新方向之一。文章对国内外8类重要的成矿蚀变-构造岩相模型和形成机制进行论述总结,南美洲智利科皮亚波地区IOCG型矿田受到主岛弧带-弧相关盆地及岩浆叠加-盆地变形样式的复合控制,而中国云南东川沉积岩型铜矿床（SSC型）+IOCG型铁铜矿田受陆缘裂谷盆地、盆地变形构造样式和岩浆叠加侵入构造系统的复合控制。中国内蒙古甲-查浅成低温热液型银铅锌矿田受火山洼地、火山穹隆构造、火山岩岩相类型和火山热液隐爆角砾岩的复合控制,而深成岩浆弧控制了蒙古国南戈壁斑岩型金铜钼-浅成低温热液金银矿田;中国秦岭热水沉积型（SEDEX）银铜铅锌-菱铁矿-重晶石矿田受到陆缘拉分盆地内三级热水沉积盆地、同生断裂带和热水沉积岩相的控制。大陆造山带内不同层次的脆韧性剪切带,控制了金矿田和金钼多金属矿田定位。在新疆塔西盆-山-原镶嵌区盆地系统内,侏罗系煤系烃矿源岩是金属矿田和天然气气田的成矿成藏物质供给源区;乌拉根砂砾岩型天青石-铅锌矿田受到山前挤压—伸展转换盆地、气成热流柱构造和山前冲断褶皱带的复合控制;萨热克铜多金属矿田赋存于旱地扇杂砾岩,受到对冲式... 相似文献
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云南普朗斑岩型铜矿田构造岩相成矿规律与控矿特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
云南西北部格咱岛弧是西南“三江”古特提斯阶段形成的重要地质构造单元,位于扬子西缘义敦岛弧带的南端。近年来新发现了包括普朗超大型斑岩型铜矿,红山-红牛、雪鸡坪大型和10余个中小型斑岩夕卡岩型铜矿床,成为斑岩型铜矿田和铜资源勘查开发基地。研究发现,矿田中矿床的形成与大地构造演化密切对应,不同阶段发育不同的矿床;对应于构造演化产生的区域北西向主干断裂控制岩带的展布,次级断裂及褶皱联合控制了岩体的形态和产状,斑岩型矿床主要产于背斜核部,其含矿斑岩侵位较浅,夕卡岩型铜矿主要产于向斜核部,含矿斑岩侵位相对较深;含矿斑岩多为复式岩体,顶部往往有火山岩岩盖,表明火山岩浆活动具有继承性的特征,普朗铜矿产于北西、北东东向两组断裂的交汇部位,形成岩体内斑岩铜(钼)矿、接触带夕卡岩铜矿和围岩中的大脉状铜矿“三位一体”的斑岩成矿系统,并在外带发育铅锌矿和浅成低温热液金(银)矿床。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献