共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Kalman滤波时间尺度算法是一种实时的原子钟状态估计方法，在守时实验室具有重要实用价值。由于原子钟状态模型误差估计存在偏差，Kalman滤波时间尺度算法中状态估计可能出现相应异常扰动，应当对状态模型误差进行实时控制。对此，引入基于渐消因子的改进Kalman滤波时间尺度算法。对状态预测协方差矩阵引入渐消因子，利用统计量实时计算渐消因子的量值，控制状态预测协方差阵的增长，降低了原子钟状态估计的扰动。实验结果表明，相比于标准Kalman滤波时间尺度算法和基于预测残差构造自适应因子的Kalman滤波算法，基于渐消因子的改进Kalman滤波时间尺度算法能够提高原子钟状态估计的准确度，改进时间尺度的稳定度。 相似文献
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Xiaoliang Wang 《GPS Solutions》2011,15(2):121-128
An improved adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is presented to model error and process noise uncertainty. The adaptive algorithm
for model error is obtained by using an upper bound for the state prediction covariance matrix. The process noise is estimated
at each filter step by minimizing a criterion function, which was determined by measurement prediction. A recursive algorithm
is provided for solving the criterion function. The proposed adaptive filter algorithm was successfully implemented in GPS
relative navigation for spacecraft formation flying in high earth orbits with real orbit perturbations. Software simulation
results indicated that the proposed adaptive filter performed better in robustness and accuracy compared with previous adaptive
algorithms. 相似文献
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Adaptive estimation of multiple fading factors in Kalman filter for navigation applications 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Kalman filter is the most frequently used algorithm in navigation applications. A conventional Kalman filter (CKF) assumes
that the statistics of the system noise are given. As long as the noise characteristics are correctly known, the filter will
produce optimal estimates for system states. However, the system noise characteristics are not always exactly known, leading
to degradation in filter performance. Under some extreme conditions, incorrectly specified system noise characteristics may
even cause instability and divergence. Many researchers have proposed to introduce a fading factor into the Kalman filtering
to keep the filter stable. Accordingly various adaptive Kalman filters are developed to estimate the fading factor. However,
the estimation of multiple fading factors is a very complicated, and yet still open problem. A new approach to adaptive estimation
of multiple fading factors in the Kalman filter for navigation applications is presented in this paper. The proposed approach
is based on the assumption that, under optimal estimation conditions, the residuals of the Kalman filter are Gaussian white
noises with a zero mean. The fading factors are computed and then applied to the predicted covariance matrix, along with the
statistical evaluation of the filter residuals using a Chi-square test. The approach is tested using both GPS standalone and
integrated GPS/INS navigation systems. The results show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the filter performance
and has the ability to restrain the filtering divergence even when system noise attributes are inaccurate. 相似文献
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探讨了非线性系统的滤波问题，提出了将采样型平方根滤波SR-UKF（square root unscented Kalmanfilter）用于星载GPS卫星实时定轨。在滤波过程中，以协方差阵的平方根代替协方差阵参加递推运算，有效地提高了滤波算法的计算效率和数值稳定性。实例计算结果表明，SR-UKF的性能要优于推广卡尔曼滤波（extended Kalmanfilter）和Unscented卡尔曼滤波（unscented Kalmanfilter）。 相似文献
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卡尔曼滤波常常被用于惯性导航系统初始对准算法,其使用前提是对系统状态进行建模,从而得到比较准确的系统噪声和观测噪声统计特性。在模型失配和观测噪声干扰的情况下,常规卡尔曼滤波会出现精度下降甚至发散,从而影响初始对准精度。针对这一问题,提出了一种新型渐消卡尔曼滤波算法,引入了多重渐消因子对预测误差协方差阵进行调整,设计了基于新息向量统计特性的滤波状态χ2检验条件,使渐消因子的引入时机更加合理,算法的自适应性得到增强。将改进的卡尔曼滤波算法应用到惯性导航系统的初始对准问题中,仿真试验和实测数据试验结果表明,与常规渐消因子滤波算法相比,新算法可以有效提高滤波精度及鲁棒性。 相似文献
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全球定位系统/航位推算组合导航定位中,由于目标运动的不确定性,GPS接收机与DR器件接收的数据存在噪声,使预置目标运动模型通常很难得到较高跟踪精度,针对应用常规卡尔曼滤波进行组合导航解算由于噪声统计特性未知而引起滤波不稳定的问题,本文提出了一种基于新息序列的量测计算进行自适应估计的卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法通过对新息方差强度进行极大似然估计,将新息计算引入卡尔曼滤波器的增益计算,达到控制发散的目的。最后对改进的算法与一般卡尔曼滤波算法做了对比仿真试验分析,结果表明了改进算法的有效性。 相似文献
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针对室内WiFi指纹位置定位中取RSS的平均值作为其定位特征值在室内环境的复杂性和动态性不能准确地反映RSS信号真值的问题,以及卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波算法等用于RSS信号的提取只针对线性噪声或非线性噪声中的一种,在室内动态多变、干扰复杂多样的环境下鲁棒性不理想的问题,结合卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波,提出一种用于RSS提取的改进的粒子滤波算法。给出了算法实现的步骤,并且在不同地点不同环境条件(静态环境和动态环境)下分别进行了指纹定位在线端的数据采集实验。实验结果表明:基于改进粒子滤波的RSS提取算法的定位精度和鲁棒性均优于均值算法、卡尔曼滤波算法、粒子滤波算法等已有算法。 相似文献
8.
E. Mysen 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(1):41-52
The Kalman filter is derived directly from the least-squares estimator, and generalized to accommodate stochastic processes with time variable memory. To complete the link between least-squares estimation and Kalman filtering of first-order Markov processes, a recursive algorithm is presented for the computation of the off-diagonal elements of the a posteriori least-squares error covariance. As a result of the algebraic equivalence of the two estimators, both approaches can fully benefit from the advantages implied by their individual perspectives. In particular, it is shown how Kalman filter solutions can be integrated into the normal equation formalism that is used for intra- and inter-technique combination of space geodetic data. 相似文献
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针对超宽带导航定位中量测信息异常误差和非线性滤波问题,该文提出了一种基于自适应抗差卡尔曼滤波-无迹卡尔曼滤波(KF-UKF)的超宽带导航定位算法。该算法首先利用卡尔曼滤波计算预测状态向量及其协方差矩阵,利用无迹卡尔曼滤波进行量测更新;然后利用先验阈值和预测残差构建量测噪声的抗差协方差矩阵,以减少量测信息异常误差的影响,同时利用自适应因子对算法进行调节和修正。结果表明,该算法能有效地抑制并消除超宽带测距中量测信息异常误差的影响,能有效地处理状态模型误差的影响,提高超宽带导航定位的精度和稳定性,同时拥有比无迹卡尔曼滤波算法更高的计算效率。 相似文献
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在全自主运动控制的移动机器人系统中,自身位姿的估计和校正对于移动机器人的运动至关重要。卡尔曼滤波是解决移动机器人同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)常用方法。相较于卡尔曼滤波,无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)无须对复杂的非线性函数进行雅可比矩阵运算。本文基于无迹卡尔曼滤波,根据先验协方差的平方根选择sigma点,计算协方差以及加权均值。用四元数表示姿态,将四元数矢量转换为旋转空间进行矩阵运算,在此基础上设计了一种位姿估计算法——基于四元数平方根的无迹卡尔曼滤波(QSR-UKF)算法。试验将EKF、QSR-UKF、SR-UKFEKF 3种算法的位姿估计结果进行仿真分析,并通过相关定量指标进行了描述,验证了本文算法的有效性。 相似文献
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Information on trajectory and attitude is essential for analyzing gravimetric data collected on kinematic platforms. Usually, a Kalman filter is used to obtain high-accuracy positional and velocity information. However, this can be affected by measurement outliers and by state disturbances that occur frequently under a fast-changing environment. To overcome these problems, a robust adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm is applied for state estimates, which introduces an equivalent weight to resist measurement outliers and an optimal adaptive factor to balance the contributions of the kinematic model information and the measurements. In addition to the conventional robust estimator, an improved Current Statistical (CS) model is proposed. The improved CS model adopts a variance adaptive learning algorithm, and it can perform self-adaptation of acceleration variance with the innovation information; thus, it can overcome the shortcoming of lower tracking accuracy and avoid setting the maximum acceleration. Following a gravimetry campaign on the Baltic Sea, it is shown in theory and in practice that the robust adaptive Kalman filter is not only simple in its calculation but also more reliable in controlling the colored observation noise and kinematic state disturbance compared with the classical Kalman filter. The improved CS model performs best, especially when analyzing the positioning errors at the turns due to the target maneuvering. Compared to the CS model, the RMS values of the positional estimates derived from the improved CS model decrease by almost 30% in the horizontal direction, and no significant improvement in the vertical direction is found. 相似文献
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推导了精密单点定位含有粗差观测数据的M-LS滤波原理,对等价权阵采用三段降权函数实现抗差。从新息和残差的协方差关系出发,利用对粗差敏感的残差标准差作为抗差因子。通过迭代减弱卫星间载波残差及其抗差因子的相关性。针对载波和伪距观测值不等观测精度和不相关性,采用双抗差因子实现静态抗差卡尔曼滤波（robust Kalman filtering,RKF）。采用标准卡尔曼滤波、基于新息RKF、基于残差的增益矩阵双抗差因子RKF、基于残差的等价权阵双抗差因子RKF等4种模型,分别对一组实测数据解算分析。结果表明,基于新息RKF对精度较高的载波粗差不敏感;基于残差的增益矩阵RKF对载波较小的粗差抗差效果较差,且发生粗差历元时刻的状态参数与真值偏差较大;而基于残差构造的等价权阵双抗差因子RKF可以非常精确和高效地实现抗差,单个卫星粗差对测站位置参数影响小于1 mm。 相似文献
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针对将Kalman滤波方法应用到星载GPS定轨时，由于动态噪声和观测噪声确定不准而造成滤波的发散、污染观测值造成Kalman滤波估值的扭曲及计算舍入误差可能带来协方差阵的不正定性等缺陷，提出了一种新的综合Kalman滤波方法。该方法用拟准检定法准确地探测和修正量测方程中存在的粗差；用UD分解算法克服了数值的不稳定性，改进了计算精度；用Sage自适应滤波器克服滤波器的发散。算例结果表明，这种综合卡尔曼滤波方法具有数值稳定性好、较强的自适应性和较好地削弱粗差影响等优点。 相似文献
18.
Xin-Xiang Jin 《Journal of Geodesy》1996,70(11):673-680
This paper presents a new algorithm for generating differential GPS corrections. This algorithm directly uses code and carrier observations in the measurement model of a Kalman filter, so that it is possible to use a simple stochastic observation model and to use the standard algorithm of the Kalman filter. The algorithm accounts for biases like multipath errors and instrumental delays in code observations and it shows how differential corrections are differently affected by code biases when dual or single frequency data are used. 相似文献
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卡尔曼（Kalman）滤波作为一种实时递推算法,对减少随机噪声的影响具有重要作用。但在目前资料中很少涉及关于Kalman滤波过程中各种参数选择对于滤波效果的影响分析,通过从理论和工程应用两个层面对箭载GPS状态参数的初值、参数估计的协方差矩阵的初值、测量噪声和系统噪声等参数的变化对Kalman滤波效果的影响进行了研究分析,结合工程实际,提出了Kalman滤波参数设置原则,给出了各参数设置的范围和目的,并利用实测数据进行了分析计算,结果表明：能有效减少箭载GPS滤波的盲目性,提高滤波效率,具有很好的滤波效果,更切合工程实际。 相似文献