共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
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视频监控的城市内涝监测预警 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对城市暴雨积涝难以实时直接监测的问题,该文提出基于普遍存在的视频监控数据对城市内涝进行实时监测的方法。基于图像差分方法,基本消除影像上非积涝区的干扰,实现对积涝区的有效识别;基于区域分割方法,较好地平衡光照和环境的变化对积涝识别的影响,实现积涝区域的精确提取;基于提取的积涝区域,采用叠加积水深度标志点的方法,直接有效地获取积涝区域的积水深度。采用南京信息工程大学一处积水情况进行实验,结果表明,该方法能够对城市积涝区进行实时动态监测,实现城市内涝精细化监测预警。 相似文献
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针对强降雨引起的城市积涝以及相应次生灾害等问题,提出了一种基于暴雨洪水管理模型、GIS技术以及DEM数据、排水管网数据、降雨数据等数据的建立南京市暴雨积涝模型的方法,并利用该模型模拟了径流及淹没效果。结果显示:该模型是利用经验值率定方法对模型参数进行率定,率定结果较为符合实际情况,因此该模型能较好地模拟南京市的降雨积涝情况。通过对不同类型的降雨数据进行模拟分析,得出径流量的大小与降雨量强烈正相关,相关系数达0.9以上。径流的产生量还与降雨历时和平均降雨强度等其他因素有关。虽然南京主要降雨为峰值小、平均强度低的小雨,但是当降雨量超过设计排涝能力时,在地势低洼的地区容易出现积涝。 相似文献
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随着城市化进程的加快,城市暴雨积水对人们生活的影响越来越大。选用暴雨管理模型SWMM,利用GIS和RS技术计算了暴雨积水的相关数据,分析了由暴雨引起的地面和管网积水的特性与持续过程;研究了GIS与SWMM耦合集成将积水过程三维动态仿真的方法。研究结果表明,将GIS技术和RS技术应用于SWMM的计算分析过程中可大大提高计算的效率和计算结果的精度,而三维动态仿真提供了更为直观和有效的预测手段,可提高应急指挥能力。 相似文献
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为了进一步研究利用水文水力学模型和GIS结合的多情景模拟方法进行洪涝灾害风险评估,该文以台州市路桥区为研究对象,首先选取路桥区典型雨量站长序列降雨资料,采用年最大值法取样,根据暴雨强度频率适线效果确定耿贝尔型分布曲线为其理论频率曲线,采用高斯-牛顿法推求暴雨强度总公式;然后基于GIS生成路桥区的真实地表格栅,进行两类汇水区的划分;最后概化排水管网系统,基于GIS并结合SWMM模拟出不同暴雨重现期的城市内涝结果;将其与调查后的路桥区历史涝情对比可知,计算模型和参数选取较准确,在城市暴雨内涝情景模拟方面有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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从三维建模所需数据的获取到地形、地物模型的构建等方面进行探讨,研究了系统三维GIS场景的建立方法,并且,选取XX地区作为研究区域,包括数据的获取及处理、地物与地形的匹配,然后基于规则对三维场景进行建筑物、道路、操场、树木等模型构建并导出到Geodatabase数据库中。基于规则的三维场景建模方法适用于大面积相似建筑物的模型构建,并且大大地提高了其建模效率。 相似文献
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采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的
污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体
污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。 相似文献
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Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
C. Bhuiyan R.P. Singh F.N. Kogan 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006,8(4):289-302
The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw. 相似文献
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Piyoosh Rautela Ramesh Chandra Lakhera 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2000,2(3-4)
The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies. 相似文献
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ZHAN F. Benjamin 《地球空间信息科学学报》2011,(1)
Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200... 相似文献
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GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议. 相似文献
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“4D”技术及其应用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):66-87
Abstract Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised. 相似文献
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自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。 相似文献