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本文利用1949～2008年西北太平洋热带气旋资料、影响中国和福建的热带气旋资料,采用小波分析等统计方法分析近60年来西北太平洋生成的热带气旋及影响中国和福建的热带气旋变化情况,得出如下结论:(1)近60年来西太生成热带气旋在20世纪70年代以前有一个6～7年左右的振荡周期,以后周期变为4～5年;(2)登陆我国热带气旋有一个10年左右的振荡周期,在一年中呈正态分布,以8月份最多;(3)登陆福建后的热带气旋移动路径与登陆前一致出现的频数最多,其次为路径转向右折,登陆后转向左折出现的频数最少;(4)影响福建的热带气旋有一个4～5年的周期,影响频数在地域上表现为从南往北逐次减少的特征;(5)20世纪90年代以来登陆我国的初旋日期呈现一个偏晚的趋势,终旋日期的年际变化不明显,而登陆福建的初、终旋日期年际变化不明显,但登陆福建初、终旋日期时间间隔近几年有一个偏短的趋势。 相似文献
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20世纪50年代以来登陆中国热带气旋的变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于1951—2017年西北太平洋热带气旋路径资料,利用趋势分析、R/S分析以及周期分析等方法对近67年来登陆中国热带气旋的个数、频次、强度以及登陆位置等热带气旋活动特征进行深入分析,结果表明:(1)近67年登陆中国热带气旋的个数和频次均呈下降趋势,下降幅度分别为0.003个/a和0.008次/a,但变化趋势均不显著,未来一段时期热带气旋登陆个数、频次将呈缓慢增加趋势。(2) 6—10月是热带气旋发生和登陆的高频期,其中,8月份热带气旋的发生次数和登陆中国的次数均最多。(3)历年最低中心气压、平均中心气压均呈增加趋势,且最低中心气压通过了M-K显著性检验;热带气旋登陆强度总体呈减弱趋势,且未来一段时期将继续呈减弱趋势,但高强度热带气旋呈显著增加趋势。(4)广东、台湾、海南、福建和浙江是热带气旋的主要登陆地;热带气旋的登陆位置呈向东、向北偏移趋势,且未来时期该偏移趋势仍将持续。利用热带气旋路径数据分析1951—2017年登陆中国热带气旋的数量、强度等变化,旨在深入认识影响中国的热带气旋活动的特征及规律,为热带气旋的预报、预警及防灾减灾工作等提供科学参考。 相似文献
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1951～2004年登陆我国热带气旋频数和强度的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过分析1951～2004年登陆我国热带气旋频数和强度的变化,结果表明,登陆热带气旋频数呈减少趋势,50～60年代登陆热带气旋频数较多,1991～2004年是热带气旋登陆我国的最少时期,1951～2004年间登陆强度为强台风和超强台风的热带气旋频数呈显著减少趋势.最大登陆强度在50～70年代,近几年是偏弱气候阶段.平均登陆强度没有明显变化.登陆热带气旋的破坏潜力存在明显的年代际变化,50～70年代初明显偏强.登陆热带气旋平均强度的减弱和具有较强强度登陆热带气旋频次的减少引起破坏潜力的减弱. 相似文献
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利用1981—2012年热带气旋数据资料,统计分析了2012年登陆我国热带气旋的特征;并且利用美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)再分析数据和美国国家海洋大气管理局(NOAA)的avhrr卫星数据,分析了其原因。结果表明,2012年登陆热带气旋登陆地点偏北是由当年夏季西北太平洋副热带高压(以下简称"副高")的脊线位置偏北,热带季风槽位置偏北等因素所造成的。登陆热带气旋强度偏强和北太平洋(30°N、160°—170°E)区域海温表现出很好的正相关关系,与东太平洋(20°N、120°W)区域海温呈现了负相关关系。 相似文献
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本文根据1949～1988年登陆珠江口的热带气旋资料及珠江河口滨海区主要台风潮位站的同步资料,分析了登陆珠江口的热带气旋气候特征,建立了35～49小时热带气旋登陆地点的预报方程。预报方程的精度是好的。 相似文献
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为分析ENSO对登陆广东省热带气旋影响,选用1951～2016年登陆广东省热带气旋统计数据,分析与ENSO特征值之间的关系.研究结果表明：登陆广东省热带气旋年内变化和年际变化较大,年际变化总体呈现波动下降的趋势;登陆广东省的热带气旋主要集中于粤西沿海,特别是湛江东部沿海区域;厄尔尼诺年登陆广东省热带气旋数（2.74次）低于拉尼娜年热带气旋数（4.50次）,但登陆的热带气旋强度相对较高;登陆广东省的热带气旋与Nino3.4海洋表面温度距平值（ SSTA ）、海洋尼诺指数（ ONI ）和南方涛动指数（ SOI ）等ENSO特征值呈现显著相关关系. 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和美国NOAA向外长波辐射(OLR)等资料,对2008年登陆我国热带气旋活动具有初台登陆早、秋台集中、登陆热带气旋比例高等特点及其成因进行了初步分析.结果表明,南半球冷高压发展引发的越赤道气流增强,使得赤道西风加强并向东延伸,热带辐合带对流活跃,有利于热带气旋生成;并且,在中纬度地区冷空气活动不频繁、西南季风涌活跃、副高位置偏北偏西等背景条件配合下,登陆热带气旋多而集中.运用大气视热源和全型垂直涡度倾向方程,发现热带辐合带增强北推,使得热带气旋接连产生,强降水产生的非绝热加热异常,促使副高位置发生显著北抬和西伸.当一个时期生成的热带气旋多而集中,副高的这种异常状态就会维持,从而造成这一时期热带气旋西行,频繁登陆我国. 相似文献
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利用1949—2015年上海台风所提供的热带气旋资料,依据热带气旋登陆华南时的强度,对登陆华南台风的频数、初终旋影响日期、影响期以及登陆位置、强度等气候特征分为3个路段(即西路、中路和东路)进行了分析。结果表明:全年登陆华南热带气旋TCs(指登陆时底层中心附近最大平均风速≥8级的热带气旋)和台风以上(指登陆时底层中心附近最大平均风速≥12级的热带气旋)频数均有不显著的增加趋势,且登陆华南TYs频数占TCs频数的百分比呈不显著的上升趋势,年际变化特征明显,年最多登陆TCs频数是最少登陆TCs频数的9倍,TCs和TYs的年代际变化具有明显的波动特征,登陆时间主要集中在7—9月。登陆地点主要集中在珠江口以西(西路和中路)。登陆华南TCs的平均影响期为78 d,多年平均初旋和终旋影响日期分别为7月8日和9月23日,初旋和终旋影响日期有提早的趋势,其中东路平均10 a的终旋影响日期提前5.8 d。从登陆强度看,整个华南、中路和东路各级热带气旋的强度有不同程度的增强趋势,而从西路进入华南的热带气旋中,强热带风暴的强度是减弱的,而热带风暴和台风以上的强度是增强的。值得注意的是,近十年来以极端强度登陆华南的台风显著增多。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献