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1.
利用低温预浓缩-GC/MSD研究了广州市大气中痕量的一氯二氟甲烷(HCFC-22),并且将其变化特征与SO2、NO2和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)等一般空气污染物进行了比较.结果表明,广州市大气中HCFC-22的年平均浓度值是一些全球本底站观测值的3倍左右,表明广州存在较强的HCFC-22排放源,可能与HCFC-22作为制冷剂在城区较大量使用有关.广州市HCFC-22呈现出夏秋季高、冬春季低的特征,这主要与HCFC-22排放的季节性差异有关.而广州市大气一般空气污染物SO2、NOx、PM10和CO的浓度水平则与HCFC-22相反,呈现夏秋季低、冬春季高的特征,主要受扩散条件与季风影响.HCFC-22日变化幅度在夏季远大于冬季,变化规律整体与SO2、NOx和PM10大致相似,夏季呈双峰特征,冬季则呈单峰特征,但与常规污染物不同的是,夏季HCFC-22在17:00~20:00家用空调使用高峰期呈现异常高值.  相似文献   

2.
中国煤矿废弃物环境效应研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
简述煤矿废弃物的环境地球化学效应和治理方法。分别论述了煤矸石山的自燃、淋滤和煤矿矿井水的环境效应。研究发现,煤矸石自燃会释放出SO2、CO、H2S、CO2、NOx、CH4、多环芳烃(PAHs)等多种有毒有害物质;煤矸石中的有害元素As、Cd、F、Hg、Mo、Pb等含量多与硫化物、硫酸盐等正相关,连续化学浸取能将很大部分毒害元素溶出;矿井水直接排放会引起地下水位下降和环境污染。目前我国对煤矿废弃物的环境效应研究已经很重视,但煤矸石和矿井水资源化治理还存在一些问题。  相似文献   

3.
该文利用综合指数法对大峪沟煤矿区水环境进行了评价。评价表明本区主要污染因子为SS、COD、SO4^2-,并已通过矿区的排污河道对附近浅层地下水产生了一定的污染。为保证本区水资源不再恶化,净化处理排放污废水已势在必行。  相似文献   

4.
苏志华  韩会庆  陈波 《中国岩溶》2020,39(3):442-452
选取贵阳市10个空气质量监测站发布的PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3实时浓度数据,通过时间序列分析法和插值法研究贵阳市大气污染物的时空变化和复合污染特征。结果表明:(1)贵阳市2014-2018年主要污染物PM2.5和PM10的年平均浓度逐渐下降,光化学污染物O3年平均浓度有所增加,空气质量逐渐转好,环境治理取得明显效果;(2)2018-2019自然年PM2.5、PM10、NO2和O3在春季污染最严重,SO2和CO在冬季污染最严重,反映出污染源、阶段性燃料燃烧和二次离子生成等因素对不同污染物的影响不同;(3)PM2.5和PM10日变化特征为“午峰晚峰”型,峰值发生的时间因季节而异,主要由不同季节人类作息的起止时间不同所致,O3日变化为单峰型,夜间O3浓度较低,从早晨8:00点开始随着太阳辐射的增大和温度的升高,在15:00-16:00点左右达到峰值;(4)PM2.5的空间分布呈现出部分郊区和工业区较高,市中心居民区较低的特征,指示城市建设向郊区推进。O3浓度呈现出市区低、郊区高的空间分布特征,反映郊区植被覆盖好,释放的天然源VOCs促进了O3生成;(5)主要污染物O3与颗粒物PM2.5和PM10在春季造成的复合污染最为严重,在夏季O3与PM10造成一定程度的复合污染,在秋冬季O3浓度最低,O3与颗粒物不产生复合污染;一天之内同一时刻O3与颗粒物不会产生叠加从而造成复合污染。   相似文献   

5.
大气降尘TEM观察及其环境矿物学意义   总被引:10,自引:5,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
在X射线衍射等分析研究基础上,进一步用透射电镜对半封闭室内长期沉积的大气降尘进行观察,提供了合肥地区大气降尘物相组成和各种物相形貌特征信息,揭示合肥地区大气污染物来源占第1位的是地表扬尘,以粘土矿物为标志;占第2位的是来源于大气化学次生气溶胶,主要和SO2、CO2、NOx等气态污染物排放有关,以石膏、碳酸盐和易溶盐类为标志;占第3位的是来源于汽车尾气排放的烟尘,以炭球为标志;占第4位的是来源于燃煤烟尘排放,以球形玻璃珠为特征。TEM调查不仅为合肥地区大气气溶胶颗粒成因、城市大气污染物来源和污染控制对策提供准确资料和依据,而且为确定大气颗粒物来源提供了有效研究方法和物源判别标志。  相似文献   

6.
为研究青藏高原金属矿山勘探、开采、闭坑阶段不同开发阶段河流重金属污染的严重程度,通过野外调查,室内测试分析,对比5个金属矿山河流重金属元素含量、污染指数沿程变化,得出以下结果:(1)勘探阶段和闭坑后河流水质污染较小,开采阶段矿业活动对河水水质污染较大。(2)As、Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn五种元素是金属矿山的特征污染物。开采矿区中德尔尼铜矿区、下柳沟铅锌矿、甲玛矿区河流均有重金属元素污染,微碱性环境中德尔尼铜矿区,主要污染物为As,单项污染指数为0~10.6;下柳沟铅锌矿Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn元素单项污染指数分别为0.2~2.1、0~55、0.4~24、0.3~1550;偏酸性环境中甲玛矿区的特征污染物主要为Cu、Cd。其中Cu、Cd单项污染指数为0~4174、0~4;勘探矿区大场金矿、闭坑矿区罗布莎铬铁矿区河流未出现污染元素。(3)青藏高原5处典型的高海拔山地矿山河流由于稀释作用重金属流经2km后达到安全水平,研究结果可为青藏高原矿山开采中河流水环境保护提供参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
2005年1月到12月,在贵阳市区采集TSP样品,分析了其主要水溶性无机离子的化学性质及其季节变化规律.结果显示.TSP浓度均值为106.60μg/m3;各离子摩尔浓度的大小顺序为:SO2-4>NH 4>Ca2 >NO-3>K >Na >C1->Mg2 >F-.TSP及其组分存在明显季节变化,SO2-4、C1-、SO2-4、NO-3、NH 4、K 、Na 、Ca 2、和Mg2 浓度的冬/夏比值分别为1.29、5.23、1.35、2.37、1.73、1.22、1.84、1.23和1.02.影响TSP、Ca2 、Mg2 和F-的气象参数主要是相对湿度和风速,影响SO2-4、NO-3、NH 4和C1-的是温度.TSP大多星微酸性,可能是含量的SO2-4所致,.NH 4GN SO2-4的相关性最好(R为0.85),NH 4与SO2-4的摩尔比值为0.8,说明NH 4,主要以(NH4)2SO4的形式存在.  相似文献   

8.
盘江矿区晚二叠世的煤中有害元素与煤系赋存,煤层厚度均无相关性,主要沉积积环境的控制,煤中有害元素的环境地质问题,主要是燃煤对大气,土壤水域的污染。  相似文献   

9.
山东西南部南四湖流域环境地质综合调查   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
本文论述了水体污染、矿山环境地质灾害、地下水环境异常、南四湖淤积、地球化学环境与地方病等环境地质问题,探讨了煤炭开采对南四湖湖容演变的积极影响。湖体及主要人湖河流污染严重;流域内煤炭资源开发引起的矿山环境地质灾害比较严重,地面塌陷面积达112.395km^2;各种固体废弃物积存总量6412.68万t;矿井排水对矿区地下水资源造成严重破坏。地方病以地氟病和克山病为主。在对流域内环境地质问题综合分析的基础上,提出了对流域环境地质问题的治理措施。  相似文献   

10.
北京市PM_(2.5)中主要重金属元素污染特征及季节变化分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用2005年4月18日—2008年9月27日北京市中国地质大学(东门)采样点的PM2.5质量浓度变化与重金属Cd、Pb、As、Cu及Zn等污染特征,结合最新发布的《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—2012),初步分析了近4年时间里北京市单点PM2.5的污染水平及主要重金属污染元素的变化特征,得出了一些有意义的认识。2005年春季—2008年春季期间PM2.5质量浓度为13.1~171μg/m3之间变化,平均浓度为65.6μg/m3,超过最新环境空气质量标准制定的PM2.5年平均浓度限值35μg/m3,北京市PM2.5污染形势依然严峻。奥运会及残奥会期间PM2.5的24 h质量浓度平均值为40.7μg/m3,没有超标。北京市PM2.5中的重金属元素含量及富集特征随着不同年份不同季节差别较大,典型的城市污染元素As在冬季质量浓度最高。对比环境空气质量标准的参考浓度限值发现,As元素的质量浓度在研究期间的年均值均超过了年平均浓度参考限值0.006μg/m3。化学分析结果显示人为污染是PM2.5中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、As重金属污染的主要来源,其中As污染需要引起足够重视。研究结果对于北京市大气污染防治具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

13.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

14.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

15.
HYDROGEOLOGY     
正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level  相似文献   

16.
正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),  相似文献   

17.
18.
正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-  相似文献   

19.
正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-  相似文献   

20.
正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)  相似文献   

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