共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kaolin, cordierite, and calcite are investigated as supports for TiO2. The prepared TiO2/support samples are examined for the removal of organic dyes from wastewater. The samples are preliminarily investigated to identify the optimal loaded system using synthetic wastewater containing methylene blue (MB). Data indicate that the investigated support significantly affects the photocatalytic activity of the supported TiO2. Low photocatalytic activity toward MB degradation is observed upon using TiO2/calcite when compared to the unsupported TiO2. Interaction between calcite and titania species probably occurrs to produce the less photoactive CaTiO3 amorphous species. Anatase TiO2 is obtained upon using kaolin and cordierite as supports. The low photocatalytic performance of the TiO2/kaolin sample is also observed. A high concentration of MB on TiO2/kaolin surfaces blocks the photoactive sites. TiO2/cordierite shows the highest photocatalytic activity compared to the unsupported TiO2 as well as the other TiO2/support samples. Rigid cordierite particles suppress the agglomeration of TiO2 particles during the preparation, leading to a high exposed surface of TiO2 towards light illumination. TiO2/cordierite is investigated for the removal of organic dye from real wastewater collected from a textile dyeing factory. Color removal of up to 46% is achieved upon UV irradiation. 相似文献
2.
Solar photocatalytic decolorization and detoxification of batik dye wastewater using titanium dioxide (TiO2) immobilized on poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (P(3HB)) film was studied. The effects of initial dye concentration, catalyst concentration, P(3HB) film thickness, and fabrication methods of the nanocomposite films were evaluated against methylene blue, a standard organic dye. It was observed that 0.4 g of P(3HB)‐40 wt% TiO2 removed 96% of the color under solar irradiation. P(3HB) and TiO2, mixed concurrently in chloroform followed by stirring for 24 h showed a more even distribution of the photocatalyst on the polymer surface and yielded almost 100% color removal. The photocatalytic films were able to completely decolorize real industrial batik dye wastewater in 3 h and induced a chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 80%. Reusability of the 0.4 g P(3HB)‐40 wt% TiO2 film in decolorizing the batik dye wastewater was also possible as it gave a high consistent value of decolorization percentage (>80%) even after the sixth repeated usage. Recovery step of the photocatalysts was also not required in this simple treatment system. The decolorized batik dye wastewater had less/no toxic effects on mosquito larvae, Aedes aegypti, and microalgae, Scenedesmus quadricauda indicating simultaneous detoxification process along with the decolorization process. 相似文献
3.
In this study, the decolorization, dearomatization, and mineralization efficiencies of different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs; namely O3, O3/Fe(II), O3/Fe(II)/UVA, and O3/TiO2/UVA) were investigated for the azo dye C.I. Reactive Red 194 (RR194). The effects of pH (3–11), amount of TiO2 (0.05–1 g/L), and concentration of Fe(II) (0.1–1.6 mM) were investigated for the applied methods. The decolorization and mineralization efficiencies of the photocatalytic ozonation system (O3/TiO2/UVA) were increased by decreasing the pH of the dye solution in contrast to the ozonation system (O3). Decolorization of RR194 was increased in the photocatalytic ozonation system with an increasing amount of catalyst however, a decreasing was occurred for the homogeneous catalytic system (O3/Fe(II)) when increasing the concentration of catalyst. The decolorization efficiency of the homogeneous catalytic system (O3/Fe(II)) was enhanced when combined with UVA light. In our study, the most efficient method for dearomatization and mineralization was the O3/TiO2/UVA among the applied AOPs. 相似文献
4.
Zeynep Eren 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(11):1284-1289
This study illustrates the degradation of an azo dye, Reactive Yellow 81 (RY81), by the combined irradiation of UV‐C and ultrasound in the presence of homogeneous (Fe2+) and heterogeneous (TiO2, ZnO) catalysts. The efficiency of homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation systems was evaluated in regard of the decolorization and mineralization of RY81. Decolorization followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Complete color removal was accomplished by homogeneous sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic oxidation processes with apparent rate constants of 0.96 × 10?3 and 46.77 × 10?3 s?1, respectively, in the presence of Fe2+. However, partial color removal was obtained by heterogeneous sonocatalytic, photocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic oxidation processes with apparent rate constants of 2.32 × 10?3, 3.60 × 10?3, and 3.67 × 10?3 s?1, respectively, in the presence of ZnO. TiO2 had the worst catalytic effect of all of the oxidation processes. The addition of hydrogen peroxide increased the rate constants of the heterogeneous oxidation processes and decreased the rate constants of the homogeneous oxidation processes. RY81 mineralization was 62.8% for the US/UV/Fe2+ homogeneous oxidation process, which was the best oxidation process, whereas it was 43.5% for the US/UV/ZnO/H2O2 heterogeneous oxidation process within 2 h reaction time. 相似文献
5.
The photocatalytic activity of combustion synthesized nanocrystalline CeAlO3 was determined for the degradation of four anionic and four cationic dyes. The perovskite oxide showed high‐photocatalytic activity and a complete degradation of all the dyes was possible within 2 h. The photocatalytic activity of the compound was comparable with the activity of the commercial Degussa P‐25 TiO2 catalyst. The degradation of dyes was found to follow first order kinetics and the first order degradation rate constants were determined. 相似文献
6.
The relative ability of Coriolus versicolor to grow on coir fiber as a ligninocellulosic material was examined. Addition of yeast extract to the culture increased laccase activity, which was further enhanced to the level of 1976 U/L by addition of 1 mM copper sulfate. Laccase thus produced was used without further purification for the decolorization of various dye solutions. Decolorization efficiency was compared with the conventional environment friendly oxidation technique using hydrogen peroxide in the presence of UV radiations. Laccase showed good decolorization in most of the cases. Excellent results were achieved when the dye solution was treated successively with laccase and UV/H2O2 wherein more than 80% decolorization was achieved. This value is remarkably higher than that attained either by the enzyme or UV/H2O2 photolysis alone. 相似文献
7.
Feasibility of photocatalytic dechlorination of PCB‐138 and Aroclor‐1254 using platinum loaded TiO2 (P25) in an alkaline 2‐propanol medium has been investigated. Experiments were conducted in batch mode using a Rayonet photo‐reactor under aerated and deaerated conditions with black lamps emitting around 350 nm as light source. Two forms of platinum deposition were investigated: Photochemically loaded P25 as well as addition of potassium hexachloroplatinate into the reaction medium. Partial dechlorination of PCBs was observed after 7 h of irradiation with pure TiO2 as catalyst when the reaction vessel was kept open to air. Complete dechlorination was observed after 5 h of irradiation in a deaerated environment. Enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was observed when platinum deposited P25 was used as catalyst, with the best result being obtained when aqueous potassium hexachloroplatinate was added into the reaction medium. Lower potassium hexachloroplatinate concentration (0.1 mM) yielded better performance. 相似文献
8.
The oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), such as malathion and parathion, in aqueous solution was studied using conventional ozonation (O3), photolytic ozonation (O3/UV, O3/UV/H2O2), and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (O3/TiO2/UV) processes. Experiments were performed in batch mode at laboratory scale and processes were compared in terms of disappearance kinetics. The best results of pesticide mineralization were obtained when TiO2 particles in combination with ozone (O3) and UV photolysis (λ = 254 nm) were applied. Decomposition of 99% of parent compounds were achieved in 10 min and oxon derivatives were completely removed in 30 min. The initial reaction rate increases linearly with increasing catalyst amount. Toxicity measurements of the treated solutions were carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment methods. No detoxification was achieved for O3 and O3/UV applications. Heterogeneous photocatalytic ozonation was shown to be feasible for achieving complete decomposition of OPPs and their oxon intermediates. 相似文献
9.
The aim of this research was to decompose isoproturon and adsorb its photoproducts by developing a carbon material from a juice industry waste. Carbon-TiO2 hybrid materials were obtained by impregnating carbonized guava seeds with TiO2 gels prepared from TiOSO4⋅xH2O and NH4OH using glycerol as a binder and thermally treating the materials at 500 °C. Raman studies confirmed the anatase phase of TiO2. SEM images showed isolated TiO2 agglomerates firmly attached to the carbon surface. The adsorption behavior of isoproturon on guava carbon was studied and yielded S-type adsorption isotherms. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared hybrid materials were monitored to study the kinetics and elimination process both of the herbicide and its photoproducts. The reaction was monitored by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, LC-DAD and LC-MS, enabling identification of some intermediate species. Among the photoproducts produced by carbon-TiO2 hybrid materials, amino-isopropylphenol was detected. 相似文献
10.
The photocatalytic decolorization and mineralization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye in presence of TiO2 Degussa P25 has been studied using artificial light radiation in a shallow pond slurry reactor. The equilibrium adsorption of dye, influence of pH (3–11), catalyst load (0.5–3.0 g/L), and dye concentration (20–100 mg/L) on decolorization kinetics were studied. The effect of area to volume ratio of photoreactor on decolorization kinetics has been also studied. Mineralization studies were performed at optimized conditions of pH (3) and catalyst load (1.5 g/L). The maximum adsorption (26.5 mg/g) of dye was found to occur at pH 3. The apparent pseudo first order decolorization rate constant (kapp) value followed the order pH 3 > pH 11 > pH 9 > pH 7. As compared to available literature reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) was minimal by the time there was complete decolorization. Initial reduction in TOC was followed by subsequent increasing trend till complete decolorization. Final decreasing trend in TOC was observed only after complete decolorization. Twelve hours of treatment under experimental conditions reduced TOC content by 70% only. Discussion of results suggest that photocatalytic treatment of colored effluent under low UV intensity, and low A/V ratio may result in completely decolorized effluent but still having high COD. 相似文献
11.
Two main routes of methods for the preparation of photocatalytic active titanium dioxide films on glass substrates were investigated: (1) the use of titanium dioxide powder and (2) the in situ generation of the catalyst via hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) or TiCl4. The activities of the catalyst films were evaluated by measuring the degradation of dichloroacetic acid (DCA), clofibric acid, and terbuthylazine used as model organic compounds. The concentration decrease of DCA and the concentration increase of chloride ions as the decomposition product allowed to distinguish between photocatalytic degradation of DCA and adsorption onto the TiO2 films. Furthermore, TiO2 films of the commercially available materials P25 (Degussa) and Hombikat UV100 (Sachtleben Chemie) were used to investigate whether there was a difference in the degradation pathways of terbuthylazine as a model compound. For the experiments mini flow‐through reactors were constructed. The investigated immobilization techniques were easy to handle without need of any expensive equipment. All TiO2 coatings showed good photocatalytic activities and mechanical stabilities with efficient long‐term stabilities. The best immobilization reproducibility was achieved by the spray coating technique and by the in situ method with the dipping sol‐gel process starting by TTIP. During the continuous use of the TiO2 films no TiO2 particles were found in the irradiated solutions. 相似文献
12.
Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) based on a multivariate central composite design (CCD) were applied to model and optimize the photocatalytic degradation of N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide (DEET). The individual and interaction effects of three main operating factors (mass of TiO2, initial DEET concentration, and irradiation intensity) on process efficiency were estimated, proving their important effect on % DEET removal. Among the independent variables, TiO2 concentration displayed the highest effect on DEET degradation followed by initial DEET concentration and UV intensity. The optimization and prediction capabilities of ANNs and RSM were compared on the basis of root mean squared error, mean absolute error, absolute average deviation, and correlation coefficient values. Results proved the usefulness and capability of the experimental design strategy for successful investigation and modeling of the photocatalytic process. Moreover, the selected ANN gave better estimation capabilities throughout the range of variables than RSM. Based on the models and the related experimental conditions, the optimal values of each parameter were determined. Under optimum conditions, DEET and total organic carbon (TOC) followed pseudo‐first order kinetics. Nearly complete degradation of DEET took place within 15 min whereas high TOC removal percentages (>85%) was achieved after 90 min irradiation time. 相似文献
13.
Ag‐modified TiO2 nanotube arrays (Ag/TiO2 NAs) were prepared and employed as a photocatalyst for degradation of 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) and inactivation of Escherichia coli. The as‐synthesized Ag/TiO2 NAs were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that metallic Ag nanoparticles were firmly deposited on the TiO2 NAs with the pore diameter of 100 nm and the length of 550 nm. Photocatalytic degradation of EE2 and inactivation of E. coli were enhanced effectively in an analogical trend using Ag/TiO2 NAs. In particular, Ag/TiO2 NAs exhibited the antimicrobial activity even in the absence of light. The Ag acted as a disinfection agent as well as the dopant of the modified TiO2 NAs photocatalysis by forming a Schottky barrier on the surface of TiO2 NAs. Inorganic ions suppressed the rates of photocatalytic degradation of EE2, with HCO having a more pronounced effect than NO or SO. Humic acid (HA) was found to increase the rate of EE2 degradation. 相似文献
14.
Pharmaceutical compounds, widely produced and used all around the world, are partly responsible for the widespread water pollution in the environment. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an antiepileptic drug that persists in the environment for many years. In the present study, we used the TiO2/UV, nanoparticulate zero‐valent iron (NZVI), and NZVI/H2O2 treatment processes to compare efficiency of CBZ removal from water. Influence of NZVI loading, H2O2 concentration, TiO2 loading, UV lamp power, and the matrix (distilled water and groundwater) on CBZ removal efficiency was evaluated using full factorial design. Results indicated that the NZVI/H2O2 process oxidized CBZ within 5 min. On the other hand, the NZVI process alone did not reduce CBZ concentration after 120 min of process time. The NZVI/H2O2 process was equally effective in CBZ removal from both distilled water and groundwater whereas the TiO2/UV process was less effective due to the presence of ions in groundwater. CBZ removal efficiency of the TiO2/UV process declined 30% when the matrix was changed from distilled water to groundwater. Negative divalent ions, i.e., and , were the main cause of reduction of CBZ removal efficiency from groundwater. It is likely that these two ions adsorb onto, and consequently prevent the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical OH? from being generated on, the surface of the TiO2. 相似文献
15.
Nasser Modirshahla Mohammad A. Behnajady Rajab Rahbarfam Aydin Hassani 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):298-302
In the present study, effects of operational parameters on the electrical energy consumption for photooxidative process (UV/H2O2) for the decolorization of C. I. Acid Red 88 (AR88) have been investigated. In a series of experiments, 20 mg L?1 of AR88 solution were irradiated in the presence of different concentrations of H2O2 (to find out optimum amount of H2O2) by UV light intensity of 30 W m?2 for certain irradiation times. The decolorization of the dye followed pseudo first‐order kinetics, and hence, the figure‐of‐merit electrical energy per order (EEO) is appropriate for estimating the electrical energy efficiency. The electrical energy consumption was determined during the variation of some parameters such as initial H2O2 concentration, initial dye concentration, UV light intensity, pH, and the gap size of solution. Results showed that electrical energy could be reduced by optimizing operational parameters. 相似文献
16.
Waste beer yeast was modified by pyromellitic dianhydride to improve its adsorption capacity for rhodamine B (RhB). Results showed that the adsorption capacity of the modified biomass for RhB was 600 mg g?1, which was about five times than that obtained on the unmodified biomass. Dye loaded modified biomass was regenerated by (1) a common eluent: HNO3 solution and (2) a self‐cleaning eluent: TiO2 hydrosol, while the pH of both systems varied from 1 to 4. Desorption experimental results showed that low desorption rates were obtained in both systems after the first desorption cycle. A large volume of HNO3 solution was needed to obtain high desorption rate, and a concentrated solution of RhB was left, which brought a secondary pollution. As a self‐cleaning eluent, acid TiO2 hydrosol acted both as eluent and photocatalyst. The desorbed RhB could be photodegraded under sunlight irradiation and the same hydrosol could be used in the next desorption cycle without losing its activity, which could economize large volumes of solvent. The results showed an adsorption capacity of the regenerated biosorbent for RhB of 450 mg g?1 by using hydrosol with pH 2 as eluent after four desorption/photodegradation cycles. 相似文献
17.
湖泊生态系统作为自然界重要的碳库,光照强度的变化对于湖泊的碳循环过程可能产生重要的影响.以云南老君山高山湖泊天才湖周边土壤中的腐殖酸作为外源溶解性有机物（DOM）的代表物,通过腐殖酸模拟光降解实验,考察光照强度对外源DOM光降解过程的影响.研究结果表明：腐殖酸光吸收系数a440、465 nm和665 nm波长处吸光度比值E4/E6的下降幅度均为：对照组 < 20 W光照组 < 40 W光照组,a440、E4/E6和光谱斜率SR显著相关,表明紫外辐射使得腐殖酸溶液浓度降低、相对分子量下降,且光照强度越强,腐殖酸的光降解程度越大.通过EEM-PARAFAC模型识别出光降解过程中腐殖酸溶液中含有5种荧光组分：UV类腐殖质（C1）、UVA类腐殖质（C2）、类色氨酸（C3）、UVC类腐殖质（C4）和类络氨酸（C5）.40 W光照组中4种荧光组分的降解程度与降解速率均大于20 W光照组,降解程度均为：C4 > C3 > C2 > C1,降解速率为C2 > C4 > C3 > C1,说明不同的荧光组分对光照强度的响应不同.该研究有助于阐明外源DOM的光降解途径与归趋. 相似文献
18.
Ying-Ya Hsu Tung-Li Hsiung H. Paul Wang Yasuhiro Fukushima Yu-Ling Wei Juu-En Chang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):873
The nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanotube (N-TNT) thin films were synthesized using ZnO nanorods as the template and doped with urea at 623 K. Under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light irradiation, the efficiencies for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue is as high as 30%. About 10% of toluene (representing aromatics in the spill oils) in sea water can be photocatalytically degraded under visible light radiation for 120 min. The aliphatic model compound (1-hexadecene) has, on the contrary, a less efficiency (8%) on the N-TNT photocatalyst. On the average, under visible light radiation, the effectnesses of the N-TNT for photocatalytic degradation of model compounds in the spill oils in sea water are 0.38 mg toluene/gN-TNT h and 0.25 mg 1-hexadecene/gN-TNT h. It is expected that spill oils in the harbors or seashores can be adsorbed and photocatalytically degraded on the N-TNT thin films that are coated onto levee at the sea water surface level. 相似文献
19.
Novel photocatalysts i.e., metallic nickel and zinc oxide nanoparticles embedded in the carbon-shell ((Ni–ZnO)@C) have been used for photocatalytic splitting of seawater to generate H2. The (Ni–ZnO)@C core–shell nanoparticles having the Zn/Ni ratios of 0–3 were prepared by carbonization of Ni2+- and Zn2+-β-cyclodextrin at 673 K for 2 h. To increase the collision frequency of water and photoactive sites within the carbon-shell, Ni and ZnO are partially etched from the (Ni–ZnO)@C core–shell to form yolk–shell nanoparticles with a H2SO4 solution (2 N). By X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, mainly Ni and ZnO crystallites are observed in the core– and yolk–shell nanoparticles. The sizes of the Ni and ZnO in the (Ni–ZnO)@C nanoreactors are between 7 and 23 nm in diameters determined by TEM and small angel scattering spectroscopy. Under a 5-h UV–Vis light irradiation, 5.01 μmol/hgcat of H2 are yielded from photocatalytic splitting of seawater effected by (Ni–ZnO)@C nanoreactors. 相似文献
20.
In this work, the treatment of actual agro‐industrial wastewaters (IWW) by a UV/H2O2 process has been investigated. The aqueous wastes were received from industrial olive oil mills and then treated by laboratory scale physicochemical methods, i. e., coagulation using ferrous and aluminum sulfate, decantation, filtration and adsorption on activated carbon. These wastes are brown colored effluents and have a residual chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range of 1800 to 3500 mgO2 L–1, which cannot be further eliminated with physicochemical processes. The UV/H2O2 treatments were carried out under monochromatic irradiation at 254 nm using a thermostated reactor equipped with a mercury vapor lamp located in an axial position. The effects of initial H2O2 concentration, initial COD, pH and temperature have been studied in order to determine the optimum conditions for maximum color and COD removals. The experimental results reveal the suitability of the UV/H2O2 process for both removal of high levels of COD and effectively decolorizing the solution. In particular, 95% of color removal and 90% of COD removal were obtained under conditions of pH = 5 and 32°C using 2.75 g H2O2 g–1 COD L–1 during 6 h of UV‐irradiation. The treatment is unaffected by pH over the range 2 to 9. In addition, the COD removal is improved by increasing the temperature, whereas the color removal has not been affected by this parameter. The results show that the hydroxyl radicals generated from the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 by UV‐irradiation of the solution could be successfully used to mineralize the organics contained in IWW. The mineralization of the organics seems to occur in three main sequential steps: the first is the rapid decomposition of tannins leading to aromatic compounds, which are confirmed by the decolorization of the IWW; the second step corresponds to the oxidation of aromatics leading to aliphatic intermediates, which occurs by the cleavage of an aromatic ring, and is established by the removal of aromatics, and the final step is the slow oxidation of the aliphatic intermediates, which is measured by the COD removal. 相似文献