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1.
水母类是海洋浮游生物重要类群之一,不仅种类多、数量大,而且分布广,不少种是世界性分布。有些种可作为一定海流或水团的指标。水母类除钵水母纲的少数种,如海蜇可供人们食用外,多数水母是幼鱼和甲壳类幼体的敌害,水母类触手的刺细胞或粘细胞含有毒素,对人类的健康有一定危害。 东海水母类研究工作先后有 Collingwood(1868)、 Light(1924)、林绍文(1937)、Sproston(1949)、丘书院(1954)、许振祖等(1962、1974)、高哲生等(1962)、洪惠馨(1964)、张金标等(1975)。以上大部分偏重于分类工作,研究材料大多采自沿海局部地区:因而不能概括东海水母类整个面貌。本文就东海水母类种类组成,分布概况及其与水文要素的关系作初步探讨。 本文所用材料是我所调査船于1959年1-12月在北纬28°以北、东经124°以西东海西部水域、1975年10月、1976年6-7月、8-9月三个航次在北纬26°31''-31°30′、东127°以西,水深30米以外的广阔东海大陆架区和1978年5月29日-7月3日在北纬26°31′-32°30′,东至东经129°,水深40米以外包括冲绳海槽在内的广大水域,进行浮游生物拖网采取的样品。 采集用大型浮游生物网(网长270厘米、网口面积0.5㎡、GG36筛绢)从底至表垂直拖网、标本用5%福尔马林海水固定,定量方法采用个体计数法,然后换算为单位体积水体中的个数(个/100m3)。  相似文献   

2.
花笼亚目(Verrucomorpha)是蔓足类中较独特的一个类群,它的左右两侧売板不对称,一侧背板及楯板与壁板愈合而不能活动。它们一般栖息于深度超过100米的较深水域,固着于岩石、泥块、贝壳、海胆棘、海绵骨针或其他物体上,分布范围较广。这类动物一般不易采到,在我国过去尚未见报道。本文是我国海区花笼类第一篇研究报告。搞清它们的种类对分析底栖生物群落组成和分布具有一定的意义。 本文根据的材料是1975-1981年东海大陆架调查和1959-1960年全国海洋综合调查采集的底栖动物标本。由于深海调査采集不够,标本数量不多,共发现6种,分隶于花笼科 Family Verrucidae 花笼属 Genus Verruca 的4个亚属,皆为我国首次记录。该6种栖息的水深从110米到2150米,其中驼背花笼 Verruca( Altiverruca) gibbosa为世界各大洋的广布种;雕板花笼 Verruca(Metaverruca) sculpta为分布于三大洋的环热带种;其余4种为印度一西太平洋暖水种。  相似文献   

3.
Five Oncaea species were recorded on the basis of specimens collected using three type nets from the South Sea and the East Sea of Korea. These included the clevei-group of one species (O. clevei) and the venusta-group of four species (O. media, O. mediterranea, O. scottodicarloi, O. waldemari). The former has a dorsoposterior projection on the second pedigerous somite, while the latter do not bear any dorsal projection on the somite. Also, their spatio-temporal distribution are discussed in relation to temperature-salinity.  相似文献   

4.
The rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, is a common rocky reef game fish in East Asia and recently has become an aquaculture species. Despite its commercial importance, the population genetic structure of this fish species remains poorly understood. In this study, 163 specimens were collected from 6 localities along the coastal waters of Korea and China and their genetic variation was analyzed with mtDNA COI sequences. A total of 34 polymorphic sites were detected which determined 30 haplotypes. The genetic pattern reveals a low level of nucleotide diversity (0.04 ± 0.003) but a high level of haplotype diversity (0.83 ± 0.02). The 30 haplotypes are divided into two major genealogical clades: one that consists of only Zhoushan (ZS, East China Sea) specific haplotypes from the southern East China Sea and the other that consists of the remaining haplotypes from the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Korea Strait, and East Sea/Sea of Japan. The two clades are separated by approximately 330~435 kyBP. Analyses of AMOVA and Fst show a significant population differentiation between the ZS sample and the other ones, corroborating separation of the two genealogical clades. Larval dispersal and the fresh Yangtze River plume are invoked as the main determining factors for this population genetic structure of O. fasciatus. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses indicate late Pleistocene population expansion along the coastal waters of Korea and China approximately 133–183 kyBP during which there were periodic cycles of glaciations and deglaciations. Such population information needs to be taken into account when stock enhancement and conservation measures are implemented for this fisheries species.  相似文献   

5.
黄海和东海的浮游桡足类 Ⅱ.剑水蚤目和猛水蚤目   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
关于黄、东海的浮游性剑水蚤和猛水蚤,迄今研究得还比较少。1937年Mori记录过东海的31种。1949-1956年Chiba记录过黄、东海分布的13种。1955年郑重曾引用过张松踪和方金钊鉴定的在厦门采得的4种(未发表)。1956年沈嘉瑞与白雪娥报导过烟台鲐鱼产卵场的4种。1965年郑重等报导福建沿海的16种。综合以上学者的研究,除同物异名外,在这一海区内,共记载过46种。 本文为黄、东海的浮游桡足类研究的第二部分,使用的是海洋研究所历年来所调查的材料。文中共记述66种,分隶于2目、8科、12属,其中有34种是前人已记载过的,其余32种为本海区的首次记录。由于调查范围所限,我们还缺少Mori(1937)所报导的Oithona robusta、Copilia recta等种,以后还需作补充调查。 在这一工作中,承沈嘉瑞教授校阅文稿,并提出许多宝贵意见,谨致衷心的感谢。  相似文献   

6.
张素萍 《海洋科学》2009,33(10):15-20
为了摸清中国沿海分布的刍秣螺亚科(Ocenebrinae)的物种数量,以及分布状况和生活习性,完成刍秣螺亚科的系统分类研究.采用传统的形态分类学方法,对中国科学院海洋研究所历年来在中国沿海采集的刍秫螺亚科标本进行了整理分类,共鉴定出刍秣螺亚科4属,9种,其中1种在中国沿海为首次报道.文中对刍秣螺亚科动物的形态特征、习性及地理分布等进行了较详细的描述.  相似文献   

7.
浙江南部近海鱼类分类多样性研究   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
根据2015年11月至2016年8月浙江南部近海鱼类调查资料,采用纳尔逊分类系统整理鱼类物种组成,通过计算分类阶元包含指数(TINCLi)、分类多样性指数(平均分类差异指数△+和分类差异变异指数∧+)分析浙南近海鱼类的分类多样性。调查结果共记录鱼类182种,分属18目78科130属。TINCLi分析结果显示,浙南近海鱼类种类组成中,其目、科、属所包含的(科、属、种)、(属、种)和(种)的平均数目分别为(4.33、7.22、10.11)、(1.67、2.33)和(1.40)。浙江南部近海鱼类△+值和∧+值分别为62.9和77.0。浙江南部近海鱼类△+值小于高纬度的黄、渤海(66.4)和山东近海(66.1),大于低纬度的南沙群岛(56.6)、西沙群岛(60.2)和东沙群岛(55.2),呈现随着纬度降低鱼类△+值随之降低的规律。通过分析浙江南部近海鱼类的分类多样性,可以为浙江南部近海鱼类资源的可持续开发利用及保护提供重要的参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
9.
扇贝亚科(Pecteninae)的种类,多数个体较大,有的种生长快,数量多,是较重要的捕捞及养殖对象。本亚科的主要特征是贝壳呈圆扇形,两壳不等,右壳凸;左壳除少数种略凸外,多数种较平或略凹。一般两壳耳呈三角形,略相等。壳两侧相等或略相等。壳表放射肋一般较规则、光滑,有些种肋上具有排列整齐的生长小鳞片。两壳表颜色不同,右壳呈白色或浅色;左壳颜色较深,多具深红褐或紫褐色花斑。 这一亚科有些种在地质年代上出现较早,故化石种类较多。现生种广分布在世界各大洋,以热带和亚热带海的种类较多,多数种仅见于潮下带百米以内的浅海底。 本文继栉孔扇贝亚科(Chlamydinae),报道中国近海扇贝亚科2属4种,对每一种的形态和分布等都做了较详细的描述。  相似文献   

10.
Understanding in climate effects on marine ecosystem is essential to utilize, predict, and conserve marine living resources in the 21s t century. In this review paper, we summariz ed t h e past history and current status of Korean fisheries as well as the changes in climate and oceanographic phenomena since the 1960s. Ocean ecosystems in Korean waters can be divided into three, based on the marine commercial fish catches; the demersal ecosystem in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, the pelagic ecosystem in the Tsushima Warm Current from the East China Sea to the East/Japan Sea, and the demersal ecosystem in the northern part of the East/Japan Sea. Through the interdisciplinary retrospective analysis using available fisheries, oceanographic, and meteorological information in three important fish communities, the trend patterns in major commercial catches and the relationship between climate/ environmental variability and responses of fish populations were identified. Much evidence revealed that marine ecosystems, including the fish community in Korean waters, has been seriously affected by oceanographic changes, and each species has responded differently. In general, species diversity is lessening, and mean trophic level of each ecosystem has decreased during the last 3~4 decades. Future changes in fisheries due to global warming are also considered for major fisheries and aquaculture in Korean waters.  相似文献   

11.
采集自中国东海和南海的4个真虾物种,经研究发现为中国海域的新记录物种,即凯氏鞭腕虾(Lysmata kempi Chace,1997),利普克鞭腕虾(Lysmata lipkei Okuno&Fiedler,2010);透明近绿虾(Chlorocurtis jactans(Nobili,1904))和黑斑活额虾(Rhynchocinetes conspiciocellus Okuno&Takeda,1992)。本文描述了这四个物种的形态特征,编制了检索表,并对其分类地位进行了讨论。  相似文献   

12.
Pseudopleuronectes yokamae (Günther) is one of the most important economic fish species in the genus living specially in the northwest Pacific, and is distributed in the southern area of the far east sea of Russia, Japan, Korea, the Huanghai Sea, the Bohai Sea and the northern area of the East China Sea. Usually they live in nearshore waters of these areas as geographic subpopulations. P. yokamae in the Sheath Bay belongs to a local group of the Huanghai-Bohai Sea subpopulation and is distributed in the mouth and adjacent waters of the bay all the year round, and the catch of its spawning group has important economic value in the area. In this paper the fishery biology features of spawning group of P. yokamae in the Sheath Bay is systematically studied to give biology evidence for proper utilization and the multiplification of its resources.  相似文献   

13.
本文报道和描述了中国东海双栉虫科颈栉虫属一新记录种,沃氏颈栉虫。本文标本与沃氏颈栉虫的原始描述非常吻合,包括具有两对鳃,胸齿片刚节具有两对加长的腹疣足和具有12个腹部齿片刚节。本文的标本具有长的须状的鳃,可延伸到胸部第9刚节,这在原始描述中没有提及。本文首次在中国海域记录本种。  相似文献   

14.
锥头虫科环虫,虫体多细长,口前叶圆锥形、球形或平截形。围口节1-2节,皆无附肢和刚毛。吻可外翻但无附属器官。疣足双叶型,鳃有或无。刚毛简单型:毛状、钩状、叉状或矛状等。躯干部分为两部:扁平、疣足侧生的胸部和圆柱状,疣足背生的腹部,这是锥头虫类区别于其他多毛环虫的重要形态特征。 除口前叶圆钝或平截的居虫属Naineris 栖于岩岸海藻丛中外,锥头虫多建造临时性的栖管,穴居于泥沙滩。 目前,锥头虫计有两亚科14属130余种(Hartman, 1959; Fauchald, 1977)。在黄海、东海我们只记录到锥头虫亚科的种类。 本文是根据中国科学院海洋研究所历年来采集、保存的标本进行整理的,共报道5属14种,其中9种为我国首次记录。  相似文献   

15.
东海区经济乌贼类资源结构和空间分布的分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据东海区2000年和2001年底拖网调查所获取的乌贼渔获物组成、各种类出现频率、分布站点和质量资料,分析了东海区经济乌贼类资源结构和优势种的空间分布。结果表明,东海区经济乌贼类优势种较20世纪90年代以前发生了很大变化,金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)、神户乌贼(Sepia kobiensis)已替代曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)成为资源最丰富的种类,为东海区重要的捕捞对象,目前乌贼渔获组成结构相对稳定;经济乌贼类集群已由春季变为秋冬季,密集分布区由近海浅水区变为外海深水区,但金乌贼和神户乌贼的地理分布存在差异。  相似文献   

16.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FAUNA OF PLANKTONIC COPEPODS IN THE CHINA SEAS   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
A total of 345 species of planktonic copepods have hitherto been found from the China Seas. Among them, tropical and warm-water species are dominant. The similar pattern of geographical distribution of these species is ascribed to the common influence of the coastal currents, the Kuroshio, and the South China Sea warm current. The number of species of planktonic copepods along the coastal waters of China decreases with increasing latitude, and increases with increasing longitude. The composition of the copepod fauna in the China Seas shows that the Bohai Sea and the northern Huanghai Sea belong to the north temperate zone fauna, that the South China Sea, offshore areas of the East China Sea and the southeastern part of the Taiwan Strait belong to the tropical fauna, and the western part of the Taiwan Strait and the northwestern part of the East China Sea belong to the mixed distribution area of tropical and subtropical fauna.  相似文献   

17.
The study was conducted during two cruises of June–August 2006 (summer),and January–February 2007 (winter) in the Huanghai (Yellow) Sea and East China Sea.Spatial and temporal variations of zooplankton abundance,biomass and community structure and its relation to currents and water masses over the continental shelf were examined.A total of 584 zooplankton species/taxa and 28 planktonic larvae were identified during the two surveys.Copepods were the most abundant component among these identified groups.Zooplankton abundance and biomass fluctuated widely and showed distinct heterogeneity in the shelf waters.Five zooplankton assemblages were identified with hierarchical cluster analysis during this study,and they were Huanghai Sea Assemblage,Changjiang Estuary Assemblage,Coastal Assemblage,East China Sea Mixed-water Assemblage and East China Sea Offshore Assemblage.Seasonal changes of zooplankton community composition and its geographical distribution were detected,and the locations of the faunistic areas overlap quite well with water masses and current systems.So we suggest that the zooplankton community structure and its changes were determined by the water masses in the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea.The results of this research can provide fundamental information for the long-term monitoring of zooplankton ecology in the shelf of Huanghai Sea and East China Sea.  相似文献   

18.
本文为“中国长臂虾亚科研究”的第二部分,包括长臂虾属(Palaemon)、白虾属(Exopalaemon)、小长臂虾属( Palaemonetes)和细腕竏属(Leptocarpus),共计18种。其中有2新种,1新亚种,2新记录。 本文第一部分已报告沼虾属(Macrobrachium)21种,瘦虾属(Leander)2种,拟瘦虾属(Leandrites)1种。(此处増补图23,图24)全文共计7属42种。沼虾属种类多、数量大,在淡水(包括半咸水)虾类捕捞和养殖中都占很重要地位。第二部分的18种,绝大部分都有经济价值,有的在动物地理学上有重要意义。长臂虾属10个种都是沿岸浅海常见种,其中条纹长臂虾(P. paucidens)是北太平洋温带种,仅见于黄海、渤海和日本北部。葛氏长臂虾(P. graver)是中国北部(黄海和东海西部)和朝鲜的地方性特有种,数量很大,但不见于日本沿岸;新种细指长臂虾P. tenuidactylus仅见于华北、华东的河口半成水域;估计这个种在朝鲜沿岸也会有分布,后者也可能是黄海、东海的地方性特有种。巨齿长臂虾P. macrodactylus也属这一类型,但见于日本沿岸。在中国近海,葛氏长臂虾是该属中最重要的经济种(在东海西部水深70-80m以内的陆架区广泛分布)。洁白长臂虾P. concinnus、广东长臂虾P. guangdongensis、太平长臂虾P.pacificus仅见于东海和南海以南的温暖浅海,不见于长江口以北;太平长臂虾广分布到夏威夷群岛,是分布最广者。锯齿长臂虾P. serrifer广泛分布于印度洋和西太平洋的潮间带,但数量不大。白背长臂虾 P. sewelli 分布于印度至广东的暧海低盐水域。白虾属4种都是重要经济种,脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda 广分布于华北和华东的低盐浅海,大河口附近产量极大;东方白虾 E. orientis 则仅见于东南沿海,也有经济价值;安氏白虾 E. annandalei 局限于河口半咸水和淡水中,长江口产量很大;秀丽白虹 E.modestus 是广泛分布于华东、华北和东北淡水湖泊及河流中的经济种。  相似文献   

19.
南海北部沿岸污损生物中的苔藓虫   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李传燕 《台湾海峡》1992,11(1):61-68
作者于1979年9月至1989年8月,先后在广东、海南及广西沿岸港湾进行污损生物和人工鱼礁附着生物周年挂板试验,并调查沿岸港湾浮标、船只、码头、水产养殖设施及其他水下设施的污损生物,获苔藓虫3871号标本,经分析鉴定为88种,隶属3目30科。它们多数是高盐暖水种和广分布种。有少数河口低盐种,遍布于中国沿岸的有26种,黄、渤海已发表的有29种,东海31种,仅南海沿岸水域28种。南海北部沿岸苔藓虫终年都能繁殖附着,附着高峰期为冬春季节的低温月份。  相似文献   

20.
东海虾类的生态群落与区系特征   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
有关东海的虾类,刘瑞玉(1959,1963,1964)、董聿茂(1959,1980,1986)等已做过大量的调查研究。近10多年来,由于东海传统的主要经济鱼类资源衰退,捕食虾类的鱼类减少,因此,使虾类生存空间扩大,这有利于虾类资源的繁衍生长,使虾类资源发生量增多,数量增长较快。东海区三省一市近几年虾类产量达到80×104~90×104t,其中浙江省为60×104~70×104t,拖虾作业已成为东海区一大作业方式,对促进海洋捕捞业的发展起重要作用。20世纪80年代中后期,我们开展了东海虾类资源开发调查,尔后又继续与拖虾生产船相结合进行监测调查,积累了一些资料,本文就东海虾类生态群落结构与区系特征进行探讨。  相似文献   

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