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1.
中国非海相二叠—三叠系界线层型剖面研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
吉木萨尔三台大龙口剖面已被推荐为国际非海相二叠─三叠系界线层型侯选剖面。该剖面是世界上研究非海相二叠─三叠系界线最理想的剖面之一，也是我国非海相二叠─三叠系界线研究程度最高的剖面。准噶尔南缘上二叠统─下三叠统统称仓房沟群，下分5个组（自下而上）：泉子街组、梧桐沟组、锅底坑组、韭菜园组、烧房沟组，除烧房沟组与下伏韭菜园组间有显著冲刷面外，各组间均为整合接触关系。仓房沟群中生物化石丰富，可以划分出植物、孢粉、双壳类、叶肢介、介形虫、脊椎动物等不同的生物组合，尤其重要的是在锅底坑组上部发育晚三叠世与早三叠世生物混生的过渡层。这个过渡层揭示了生物演变的连续性，即脊椎动物Jimusaria与Lystrosaurus共生，孢粉Lueckisporitesvirkkiae与Lundbladisporawatangensis共生，以及二叠纪型的植物、双壳、介形虫与三叠纪型的叶肢介之间的混生。即在这个过渡层中既含晚二叠世型的孑遗分子，也含早三叠世型的新生分子，因而可以确定二叠系与三叠系界线就在锅底坑组内，置于大龙口背斜南翼剖面第36层，北翼剖面第34层之底，即在锅底坑组与韭菜园组传统岩组界线之下约50m（北翼）～60m（南翼）处。古地磁反映的正负极性与生物地层界线基本一致。 相似文献
2.
鄂尔多斯盆地中三叠统与上三叠统地层界线讨论 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对延长组地层划分的争议,开展了延长组孢粉组合、岩石学特征、湖盆演化规律等对比分析,结果显示长8－长10地层与长1－长7地层差异显著。其中,长8－长10油层组沉积期,地势平坦,河流、三角洲和滨浅湖沉积发育,岩石成分成熟度低,孢粉组合中蕨类植物孢子占优势,中三叠世的重要分子Punctatisporites、Verrucosisporites含量较高;长7油层组沉积期深湖范围宽广,盆地西南、西部地区长7砂岩中石英含量明显提高,岩石类型发生较大的改变,西缘和西南缘沉积体系也由辫状河、辫状河－三角洲体系演化成冲积扇、扇三角洲沉积体系,该段地层孢子花粉含量相近,以具有晚三叠世色彩的Duplexisporites大量出现为特征。此外,在盆地西部、西南及湖盆中部地区,长7底部稳定分布的一套凝灰岩薄层,记录了同期的火山、岩浆活动等地质事件,为早印支运动的重要表现形式,因此长7与长8之间地层界线为中三叠统与上三叠统界线。 相似文献
3.
本文主要对山东彭庄煤矿西补15井太原组上部以及山西组进行采样研究,共分析孢粉样品14块,所有样品中均含有较为丰富的孢粉化石;经分析鉴定,共发现孢粉化石37属107种及部分未定种;根据孢粉化石在地层中的纵向分布规律及其含量变化,自下而上建立两个孢粉组合：Ⅰ.Laevigatosporites Granulatisporites组合（太原组上部）,Ⅱ.Gulisporites cochlearius Leiotriletes adnatus Sinulatisporites sinensis组合（山西组）;并将本区孢粉组合特征与华北其他地区进行了比较;明确了本区孢粉组合的地质时代,组合Ⅰ为早二叠世晚期,组合Ⅱ为中二叠世早期,即本区下、中二叠统界线应置于山西组底部泥岩之底;最后,根据孢粉特征恢复了相应地质时期的古气候,继而进一步佐证了本区下、中二叠统界线。 相似文献
4.
河南省卢氏县三角沟、大峪沟剖面位于豫西卢氏盆地中南部,涉及地层为中始新世张家村组、晚始新世卢氏组和渐新世大峪组。孢粉总体以被子植物为主,可划分为5个孢粉组合。第一组合位于张家村组上部,蒿粉、栎粉含量高;第二组合位于卢氏组下部,菌孢类含量高。前者属亚热带干热气候下的洪泛盆地沉积,后者属还原环境湿润气候下的湖泊沉积,其孢粉特征更接近于邻区中晚始新世沙河街组三段上部和二段下部孢粉特征。第三组合到第五组合分别位于大峪组二段下部、中部和上部,其中第三组合蒿粉含量高,与邻区沙河街组二段上部和一段下部孢粉特征较为相似,属于干热气候下的泛滥平原沉积。第四组合和第五组合中栎粉含量低,草本植物含量高,其特征更接近北半球渐新世晚期孢粉特征。前者菌孢类含量比第二组合低,但比其它组合高,属于静水环境下半湿润半干旱气候下的洪泛盆地沉积;后者蒿粉含量高,属于干旱气候下的河流沉积。通过孢粉分析和区域对比,进一步确定了张家村组形成于中始新世,卢氏组形成于晚始新世,大峪组形成时代为渐新世。古近纪卢氏地区的气候经历了干热-湿润-干热-半湿润半干旱-干旱的变化过程。 相似文献
5.
新疆吉木萨尔大龙口非海相二叠系—三叠系界线层段古地磁特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对吉木萨尔县大龙口非海相二叠系-三叠系界线上下地层磁性特征的研究,在梧桐沟组-锅底坑组共发现78个极性异常,其中以负极性为主,间隔了一系列的正极性和过渡极性.梧桐沟组上部以负极性为主,间隔了2个正极性和过渡极性.这可与巴基斯坦盐岭和四川广元上寺的大隆组下部对比,即相当于Da段.梧桐沟组顶部和锅底坑组底部,正、负极性变化频繁,极性特征可与巴基斯坦盐岭和四川广元上寺大隆组中部对比,即相当于Db段.锅底坑组下部以负极性为主,间隔了2个正极性段,可与四川广元上寺大隆组中上部对比,即相当于Dc段.锅底坑组中下部以负极性为主,上部夹1个正极性段,可与四川广元上寺大隆组上部磁性特征对比,即相当于Dd段.锅底坑组中上部以负极性为主,间隔了4个正极性段,可与四川广元上寺飞仙关组下部对比,即相当于Fa段.根据磁性段的划分对比,将二叠系三叠系界线置于Fa和Dd之间,即本次研究测制剖面的41层和42层之间.根据各岩组的古地磁特征求得岩组形成时的古地磁极:梧桐沟组79.1°N,238.1°;锅底坑组72.3°N,322.2°;下三叠统77.5°N,320.8°.古纬度基本一致,为32°～35°N. 相似文献
6.
内蒙古林西县官地剖面二叠系林西组第五段灰色、深灰色板岩中发现了大量孢粉化石,经鉴定计有54属90种,以蕨类植物孢子和裸子植物花粉为主,见有较多晚二叠世的常见分子,根据其与邻区的孢粉生物地层对比,确定林西组第五段时代为晚二叠世晚期.该剖面林西组第六段中发现有孢粉化石9属9种,其孢粉组成成分呈现出早三叠世孢粉组合特征,其时代应为早三叠世.由于林西组第六段岩性特征也发生变化,出现了紫灰色的粉砂质板岩夹层,且见有少量火山角砾.与下伏典型的林西组在岩性上有较大的差别,而与区域上下三叠统老龙头组相似.综合岩性特征、古生物化石特征、古气候特征及与邻区对比,将原划为林西组第六段的地层改划为下三叠统老龙头组.三叠系/二叠系界线划在林西组第五段与老龙头组之间. 相似文献
7.
浙江长兴煤山D剖面早三叠世孢粉组合及全球对比意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在长兴煤山D剖面下三叠统殷坑组14 m厚的地层内(第25-60层)密集采孢粉样89件, 从12块样品中获得孢粉化石47属50种, 据此将该剖面下三叠统底部的孢粉组合定为Lundbladispora-Taeniaesporites-Equisetosporites组合.组合中裸子植物花粉占优势, 为59.0%~79.6%;蕨类植物孢子次之, 为20.4%~41.0%;裸子植物花粉中以无肋双气囊类花粉为主, 含量为19.7%~54.4%, 多沟类花粉虽仅见Equisetosporites一属, 但含量高, 最高达24.3%.蕨类植物孢子中光面三缝孢类含量最高, 为14.3%~24.4%, 以圆形的Puncatisporites为主, 最高可达16.2%.孢粉组合Lundbladispora-Taeniaesporites-Equisetosporites与同一剖面的早三叠世牙形石第2带Isarcicella isarcica带及第3带Clarkina carinata-C.planata带相重合.这对当前正在进行的陆相二叠系-三叠系界线的准确划分提供了重要的参照系.研究还表明, 煤山D剖面早三叠世早期的孢粉组合与中国北方区的早三叠世同期的孢粉组合对比较为困难, 而与华南各地的对比较为吻合, 说明中国南、北方古生代孢粉组合向中生代孢粉组合转变的时间并不一致, 北方较早, 南方较晚. 相似文献
8.
山东济宁煤田(东区)晚古生代孢粉组合 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
鉴定了山东济宁煤田(东区)晚古生代孢粉组合中的孢粉化石70属189种.据孢粉化石在地层中的分布和垂向的变化规律自上而下建立了5个孢粉组合:Ⅴ. Cyclogranisporites pressus-Lycospora pellucida组合, Ⅳ. Granulatisporites piroformis组合,Ⅲ. Sinulatisporites sinensis组合,Ⅱ. Thymospora pseudothiessenii-T. thiessenii组合,Ⅰ. Densosporites annulatus组合.通过与邻区及华北部分地区对比,确定本区孢粉组合的地质时代应为:晚石炭世晚期(组合Ⅰ),早二叠世早期(组合Ⅱ),早二叠世中期(组合Ⅲ),早二叠世晚期(组合Ⅳ)和晚二叠世早期(组合Ⅴ),本区石炭系-二叠系界线应置于太原组第11层灰岩之底. 相似文献
9.
漳平岬顶上二叠统罗坑组-下三叠统溪口组均为海相细碎屑沉积,界线附近地层沉积连续,未见间断,化石丰富,生物群演化特征明显。三叠纪新生分子自Claraia wangi-Eumorphotis multiformis组合带开始出现,其下晚二叠世晚期菊石相继消失,Crurithyris,Paracrurithyris等少数腕足类上延至三叠纪与Claraia混生,形成见跨代生物混生层。根据生物群演化,将漳平岬顶二叠纪-三叠纪界线置于Claraia wangi-Eumorphotis multiformis组合带之底,此界线与华南海相碎屑岩相区以Claraia类群之底划分的界线相当,与浙江长兴煤山以Hindeodus parvus标定的界线较为接近,亦可以对比。 相似文献
10.
《中国煤炭地质》2010,(Z1)
枣庄市曹庄找煤区为中新生界掩盖的含煤区,盖层为侏罗—白垩系和古近系,因其颜色多以紫红、褐红色为主,故统称为"红层"。根据区内验1孔获得的孢粉资料,1-7层中孢粉组合以裸子植物花粉为主,蕨类植物孢子数量较少,其中裸子植物花粉中的松柏类花粉Monosulcites自下而上均有分布,Classopollis分子普遍发育,没有发现被子植物花粉,从第3层底部开始出现Aequitriradites、Pilosisporites,它们是早白垩世的典型分子,而1-2层孢粉组合中没有发现这些分子,由于上侏罗统与下白垩统为连续沉积,生物群面貌有很多相似之处,根据周边侏罗系发育特征,认为此段地层时代定为晚侏罗世?-早白垩世早中期;从8-12层孢粉组合面貌看,出现了相当数量的Ulmns和被子植物花粉如Rhus、Quercus、Loncera、Zelkova、Cedrus,特别是该组合中出现的古近纪中期—晚期的常见分子Rhus和Taxodiaceaepollenites,反映出古近纪中期—晚期孢粉组合面貌,符合Ulmns-Pteris孢粉组合面貌特征,由此推断此段地层时代应属古近纪始新世—渐新世。根据岩性特征及孢粉组合特征综合分析,红层自下而上主要由下白垩统青山组及古近系官庄群组成,钻孔揭露地层与周边地区地层岩性基本一致,可以进行对比。此结果对该区及相邻区域开展深部找煤工作具有一定的实际意义。 相似文献
11.
I. Metcalfe C.B. Foster S.A. Afonin R.S. Nicoll R. Mundil Wang Xiaofeng S.G. Lucas 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,36(6):503
Measured lithostratigraphic sections of the classic Permian–Triassic non-marine transitional sequences covering the upper Quanzijie, Wutonggou, Guodikeng and lower Jiucaiyuan Formations at Dalongkou and Lucaogou, Xinjiang Province, China are presented. These measured sections form the framework and reference sections for a range of multi-disciplinary studies of the P–T transition in this large ancient lake basin, including palynostratigraphy, vertebrate biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy. The 121 m thick Wutonggou Formation at Dalongkou includes 12 sandstone units ranging in thickness from 0.5 to 10.5 m that represent cyclical coarse terrigenous input to the lake basin during the Late Permian. The rhythmically-bedded, mudstone-dominated Guodikeng Formation is 197 m and 209 m thick on the north and south limbs of the Dalongkou anticline, respectively, and 129 m thick at Lucaogou. Based on limited palynological data, the Permian–Triassic boundary was previously placed approximately 50 m below the top of this formation at Dalongkou. This boundary does not coincide with any mappable lithologic unit, such as the basal sandstones of the overlying Jiucaiyuan Formation, assigned to the Early Triassic. The presence of multiple organic δ13C-isotope excursions, mutant pollen, and multiple algal and conchostracan blooms in this formation, together with Late Permian palynomorphs, suggests that the Guodikeng Formation records multiple climatic perturbation signals representing environmental stress during the late Permian mass extinction interval. The overlap between the vertebrates Dicynodon and Lystrosaurus in the upper part of this formation, and the occurrence of late Permian spores and the latest Permian to earliest Triassic megaspore Otynisporites eotriassicus is consistent with a latest Permian age for at least part of the Guodikeng Formation. Palynostratigrahic placement of the Permian–Triassic boundary in the Junggar Basin remains problematic because key miospore taxa, such as Aratrisporites spp. are not present. Palynomorphs from the Guodikeng are assigned to two assemblages; the youngest, from the upper 100 m of the formation (and the overlying Jiucaiyuan Formation), contains both typical Permian elements and distinctive taxa that elsewhere are known from the Early Triassic of Canada, Greenland, Norway, and Russia. The latter include spores assigned to Pechorosporites disertus, Lundbladispora foveota, Naumovaspora striata, Decussatisporites mulstrigatus and Leptolepidites jonkerii. While the presence of Devonian and Carboniferous spores and Early Permian pollen demonstrate reworking is occurring in the Guodikeng assemblages, the sometimes common occurrence of Scutasporites sp. cf. Scutasporites unicus, and other pollen, suggests that the Late Permian elements are in place, and that the upper assemblage derives from a genuine transitional flora of Early Triassic aspect. In the Junggar Basin, biostratigraphic data and magnetostratigraphic data indicate that the Permian–Triassic boundary (GSSP Level) is in the middle to upper Guodikeng Formation and perhaps as high as the formational contact with the overlying Jiucaiyuan Formation. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2010,37(6):503-520
Measured lithostratigraphic sections of the classic Permian–Triassic non-marine transitional sequences covering the upper Quanzijie, Wutonggou, Guodikeng and lower Jiucaiyuan Formations at Dalongkou and Lucaogou, Xinjiang Province, China are presented. These measured sections form the framework and reference sections for a range of multi-disciplinary studies of the P–T transition in this large ancient lake basin, including palynostratigraphy, vertebrate biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy. The 121 m thick Wutonggou Formation at Dalongkou includes 12 sandstone units ranging in thickness from 0.5 to 10.5 m that represent cyclical coarse terrigenous input to the lake basin during the Late Permian. The rhythmically-bedded, mudstone-dominated Guodikeng Formation is 197 m and 209 m thick on the north and south limbs of the Dalongkou anticline, respectively, and 129 m thick at Lucaogou. Based on limited palynological data, the Permian–Triassic boundary was previously placed approximately 50 m below the top of this formation at Dalongkou. This boundary does not coincide with any mappable lithologic unit, such as the basal sandstones of the overlying Jiucaiyuan Formation, assigned to the Early Triassic. The presence of multiple organic δ13C-isotope excursions, mutant pollen, and multiple algal and conchostracan blooms in this formation, together with Late Permian palynomorphs, suggests that the Guodikeng Formation records multiple climatic perturbation signals representing environmental stress during the late Permian mass extinction interval. The overlap between the vertebrates Dicynodon and Lystrosaurus in the upper part of this formation, and the occurrence of late Permian spores and the latest Permian to earliest Triassic megaspore Otynisporites eotriassicus is consistent with a latest Permian age for at least part of the Guodikeng Formation. Palynostratigrahic placement of the Permian–Triassic boundary in the Junggar Basin remains problematic because key miospore taxa, such as Aratrisporites spp. are not present. Palynomorphs from the Guodikeng are assigned to two assemblages; the youngest, from the upper 100 m of the formation (and the overlying Jiucaiyuan Formation), contains both typical Permian elements and distinctive taxa that elsewhere are known from the Early Triassic of Canada, Greenland, Norway, and Russia. The latter include spores assigned to Pechorosporites disertus, Lundbladispora foveota, Naumovaspora striata, Decussatisporites mulstrigatus and Leptolepidites jonkerii. While the presence of Devonian and Carboniferous spores and Early Permian pollen demonstrate reworking is occurring in the Guodikeng assemblages, the sometimes common occurrence of Scutasporites sp. cf. Scutasporites unicus, and other pollen, suggests that the Late Permian elements are in place, and that the upper assemblage derives from a genuine transitional flora of Early Triassic aspect. In the Junggar Basin, biostratigraphic data and magnetostratigraphic data indicate that the Permian–Triassic boundary (GSSP Level) is in the middle to upper Guodikeng Formation and perhaps as high as the formational contact with the overlying Jiucaiyuan Formation. 相似文献
13.
广西那艺泥盆系五指山组下段地层研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从广西那艺五指山组下段识别出三个晚泥盆世牙形石标准带，自上而下为：混杂上ｃｒｅｐｉｄａ带，混杂中ｃｒｅｐｉｄａ带至ｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓ带，下ｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓ带。该段含不少再沉积化石，岩性以灰质拟角砾岩为主夹瘤状灰岩，从而确定其为碳酸盐浊积岩，浊积的时代为法门期ｔｒｉａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓ带至上ｃｒｅｐｉｄａ带。该段属陆壳上的盆地相，靠近台地斜坡，至少存在两种类型的浊积岩。另外，本剖面尚发现大量微球粒。 相似文献
14.
北方陆相二叠系—三叠系界线研究是界线地层研究的重要问题之一,对采自内蒙古巴林右旗幸福之路组二段建组剖面的安山质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩开展锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,结果为(255.5±1.1)Ma,火山岩上部多个层位粉砂质泥岩中发现孢粉化石,计17属20种,时代为晚二叠世—早三叠世,推断幸福之路组的时代为晚二叠世—早三叠世,大兴安岭地区二叠系—三叠系界线在幸福之路组内部,二者为整合接触。幸福之路组以红层做为划分标志,岩性为正常沉积碎屑岩夹火山岩,见大量泥灰岩夹层、钙质结核及干裂现象,反映了炎热、干燥及强氧化条件的气候环境,大兴安岭地区晚二叠世晚期(幸福之路组二段下部)就已出现反映干旱气候的红层沉积,与相邻的华北及新疆准噶尔盆地相似。 相似文献
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拉萨却桑地区的原早中三叠世查曲浦组由下部碳酸盐岩和上部火山岩组成,下部碳酸盐岩产丰富的化石,时代为早—中三叠世,上部火山岩无古生物和年代学资料,根据叠置关系作为查曲浦组上部,时代也为早—中三叠世,并且成为该地区经典地层层序而被广泛引用。最近在原查曲浦组上部火山岩段玄武质安山岩中获得248Ma±4Ma的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,厘定原查曲浦组上部火山岩时代为早三叠世,原查曲浦组存在倒转,火山岩段应位于碳酸盐岩段之下,其下与列龙沟组整合过渡,证明该区二叠系与三叠系是连续沉积的,进一步说明早三叠世该区存在岩浆活动。查曲浦组层序的厘定对探讨冈底斯地区构造演化过程具有重要意义。 相似文献
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拉萨却桑地区的原早中三叠世查曲浦组由下部碳酸盐岩和上部火山岩组成,下部碳酸盐岩产丰富的化石,时代为早—中三叠世,上部火山岩无古生物和年代学资料,根据叠置关系作为查曲浦组上部,时代也为早—中三叠世,并且成为该地区经典地层层序而被广泛引用。最近在原查曲浦组上部火山岩段玄武质安山岩中获得248Ma±4Ma的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,厘定原查曲浦组上部火山岩时代为早三叠世,原查曲浦组存在倒转,火山岩段应位于碳酸盐岩段之下,其下与列龙沟组整合过渡,证明该区二叠系与三叠系是连续沉积的,进一步说明早三叠世该区存在岩浆活动。查曲浦组层序的厘定对探讨冈底斯地区构造演化过程具有重要意义。 相似文献