共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Vladislav Zheligovsky 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(5):489-540
We consider stability of regimes of hydromagnetic thermal convection in a rotating horizontal layer with free electrically-conducting boundaries, to perturbations involving large spatial and temporal scales. Equations governing the evolution of weakly nonlinear mean perturbations are derived under the assumption that the α-effect is insignificant in the leading-order (e.g. due to a symmetry of the system). The mean-field equations generalise the standard equations of hydromagnetic convection: New terms emerge – a second-order linear operator representing the combined eddy diffusivity and quadratic terms associated with the eddy advection. If the perturbed CHM regime is nonsteady and insignificance of the α-effect in the system does not rely on the presence of a spatial symmetry, the combined eddy diffusivity operator also involves a nonlocal pseudodifferential operator. If the perturbed CHM state is almost symmetric, α-effect terms appear in the mean-field equations as well. Near a point of a symmetry-breaking bifurcation, cubic nonlinearity emerges in the equations. All the new terms are in general anisotropic. A method for evaluation of their coefficients is presented; it requires solution of a significantly smaller number of auxiliary problems than in a straightforward approach. 相似文献
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Modeling and RTM for arbitrary-order pure acoustic wave equation in VTI media using normalized pseudo-analytical method 
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下载免费PDF全文 The conventional pseudo-acoustic wave equations(PWEs) in vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)media may generate SV-wave artifacts and propagation instabilities when anisotropy parameters cannot satisfy the pseudo-acoustic assumption. One solution to these issues is to use pure acoustic anisotropic wave equations, which can produce stable and pure P-wave responses without any SVwave pollutions. The commonly used pure acoustic wave equations(PAWEs) in VTI media are mainly derived from the decoupled P-SV dispersion relation based on first-order Taylor-series expansion(TE), thus they will suffer from accuracy loss in strongly anisotropic media. In this paper, we adopt arbitrary-order TE to expand the square root term in Alkhalifah's accurate acoustic VTI dispersion relation and solve the corresponding PAWE using the normalized pseudoanalytical method(NPAM) based on optimized pseudodifferential operator. Our analysis of phase velocity errors indicates that the accuracy of our new expression is perfectly acceptable for majority anisotropy parameters. The effectiveness of our proposed scheme also can be demonstrated by several numerical examples and reverse-time migration(RTM) result. 相似文献
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A theory of electromagnetic radiation generation by random electric discharges in the troposphere and VHF radiowave scattering by these discharges has been developed. The discharge model, which makes it possible to calculate the spatiotemporal distribution of the discharge channel conductivity depending on the electric current value in this discharge, has been obtained. The electromagnetic radiation spectrum in the troposphere occupied by random discharges has been calculated. VHF electromagnetic wave scattering by random electric discharges in the troposphere has been considered. Equations have been derived, and the method for calculating the average value of the electromagnetic wave field scattered by random discharges has been developed. The calculations indicated that the scattered wave field amplitude is much larger than the diffraction wave field amplitude behind the horizon. The theoretical results agree with the observations of the electromagnetic radiation and VHF transmitter signals behind the horizon relative to the earthquake epicenter during the earthquake preparation. 相似文献
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P. S. NAIDU 《Geophysical Prospecting》1967,15(1):135-150
A two dimensional linear filter operator based on Strakhov's method for the extraction of a potential field signal (gravity or magnetic) from a background of homogeneous random noise has been developed. An algorithm to solve for the coefficients of the operator is given together with the corresponding computer program in FORTRAN language. It may be used on any machine using FORTRAN IV. A few examples of the operator are also included. 相似文献
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V. A. Zheligovsky 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(12):1051-1067
The problem of weakly nonlinear stability with respect to large-scale perturbations in 3-D convective magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) states in which the α-effect is absent or insignificant (e.g., because the system has symmetry relative to a center or a vertical axis) is examined. It is assumed that the MHD state whose stability is studied is free from large spatiotemporal scales and is insensitive to perturbations with the same small spatial scale as in the state under study. The equations for mean perturbation fields derived by asymptotic methods generalize the standard equations of magnetohydrodynamics (the Navier-Stokes and magnetic induction equations). A combined eddy diffusion operator, generally anisotropic and not necessarily negative definite, and additional quadratic terms similar to advective terms arise in the inferred generalized equations. 相似文献
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基于Tsvankin提出的精确频散关系,利用近似展开的方法,推导出解耦合的TTI介质纯qP波近似方程,并将方程中的偏微分算子分解成一个laplace算子和一个标量算子,用于代表qP波的精确传播方向,构建时间域二阶纯qP波方程.此推导过程无需设置横波速度为零,能够更加精确地描述qP波的运动学特征.这个方程相比于求解波数域二阶解耦qP波方程,计算效率高,存储需求小;相比于基于Alkhalifah频散关系推导的时间域二阶纯qP波方程,假象干扰压制好,数值误差小,更具一般性.但此方法求解波矢量时采用波场梯度一阶渐近近似,会造成垂直于对称轴方向的波场振幅不准确.为了较正振幅,将椭圆分解方法应用于此方程中,构建纯qP波椭圆分解方程,使得振幅更加均衡,并与Xu等提出的方程比较分析,应用本文构建的纯qP波椭圆分解方程得到的波场振幅值更加准确.本文首先选取了均匀TI介质模型进行了qP波正演模拟,并抽取波场单道波形进行振幅分析,验证了本文构建的纯qP波方程和纯qP波椭圆分解方程的正确性及有效性;然后选取BP TTI模型进行了qP波正演模拟,将其qP波正演结果和均匀TI介质模型振幅分析结果相结合,突出了本文构建的纯qP波椭圆分解方程的优势及适应性;最后选取逆冲模型和BPTTI模型,应用本文构建的纯qP波椭圆分解方程对其进行逆时偏移成像,验证了本文构建的纯qP波椭圆分解方程在逆时偏移中的可行性和适用性. 相似文献
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Markus MAURER Research Associate Institute of Hydrosciences University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich Werner-Heisenberg-Weg D- Neubiberg/Munich Germany Youcef KELANEMER Research Associate Institute of Hydrosciences University of the F 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(3)
I.~OntjcnONEngineeringPredictionsofsedimenttransPOrtinopen-Channelsystems,especiallyifunsteadyflowconditionmustbeconsidered,isfraughtwithambigUityduetospatialandtemporalvariability,measurementerrors,lumtedsamplingoftheParameters,bounceandscallconditionS,andsink/sourcetenns.Duringrecentyearsmanysophisticatedmathematicalmodelshavebecomeavailabletocalculateunsteadyflowinone,tWoorthreedimensionS.ThesemodelswillbecoupledwithtranSportequationSforbedloadorsuSpendedloadtocalculateforexamplelongt… 相似文献
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P. Bogaert G. Christakos 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1997,11(4):267-295
A regression model is used to study spatiotemporal distributions of solute content ion concentration data (calcium, chloride
and nitrate), which provide important water contamination indicators. The model consists of three random and one deterministic
components. The random space/time component is assumed to be homogeneous/stationary and to have a separable covariance. The
purely spatial and the purely temporal random components are assumed to have homogenous and stationary increments, respectively.
The deterministic component represents the space/time mean function. Inferences of the random components involve maximum likelihood
and semi-parametric methods under some restrictions on the data configuration. Computational advantages and modelling limitations
of the assumptions underlying the regression model are discussed. The regression model leads to simplifications in the space/time
kriging and cokriging systems used to obtain space/time estimates at unobservable locations/instants. The application of the
regression model in the study of the solute content ions was done at a global scale that covers the entire region of interest.
The variability analysis focuses on the calculation of the spatial direct and cross-variograms and the evaluation of correlations
between the three solute content ions. The space/time kriging system is developed in terms of the space direct and cross-variograms,
and allows the separate estimation of the regression model components. Maps of these components are then obtained for each
one of the three ions. Using the estimates of the purely spatial component, spatial dependencies between the ions are studied.
Physical causes and consequences of the space/time variability are discussed, and comparisons are made with previous analyses
of the solute content dataset. 相似文献
11.
In this paper, we compare the denoising- and inversion-based deblending methods using Stolt migration operators. We use Stolt operator as a kernel to efficiently compute apex-shifted hyperbolic Radon transform. Sparsity promoting transforms, such as Radon transform, can focus seismic data into a sparse model to separate signals, remove noise or interpolate missing traces. Therefore, Radon transforms are a suitable tool for either the denoising- or the inversion-based deblending methods. The denoising-based deblending treats blending interferences as random noise by sorting the data into new gathers, such as common receiver gather. In these gathers, blending interferences exhibit random structures due to the randomization of the source firing times. Alternatively, the inversion-based deblending treats blending interferences as a signal, and the transform models this signal by incorporating the blending operator to formulate an inversion problem. We compare both methods using a robust inversion algorithm with sparse regularization. Results of synthetic and field data examples show that the inversion-based deblending can produce more accurate signal separation for highly blended data. 相似文献
12.
Bin Liu Chao Fu Yuxiao Ren Qingsong Zhang Xinji Xu Yangkang Chen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(5):1509-1522
Random noise attenuation utilizing predictive filtering achieves great performance in denoising seismic data. Conventional predictive filtering methods are based on fixed filter operators and neglect the complexity of structures. In this way, the denoised data cannot meet the requirement of balancing the signal preservation and noise removal. In this study, we proposed a structural complexity-guided predictive filtering method that utilizes an adapted filter operator to adjust the changes of structural complexity. The proposed structural complexity-guided predictive filtering mainly consists of two stages. A slope field information is acquired according to plane-wave destruction to assess the structural complexity. In addition, an adaptive filter operator is obtained to denoise the seismic data according to the adaptive factor. Both synthetic data and real seismic profiles are employed to examine the denoising capacity and flexibility of the refined predictive filtering using adaptive lengths. The analysis of the predicted results shows that adaptive predictive filtering is powerful and has the ability to eliminate random noises with negligible distortions. 相似文献
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On the physical geometry concept at the basis of space/time geostatistical hydrology 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The objective of this paper is to show that the structure of the spatiotemporal continuum has important implications in practical stochastic hydrology (e.g., geostatistical analysis of hydrologic sites) and is not merely an abstract mathematical concept. We propose that the concept of physical geometry as a spatiotemporal continuum with properties that are empirically defined is important in hydrologic analyses, and that the elements of the spatiotemporal geometry (e.g., coordinate system and space/time metric) should be selected based on the physical properties of the hydrologic processes. We investigate the concept of space/time distance (metric) in various physical spaces, and its implications for hydrologic modeling. More specifically, we demonstrate that physical geometry plays a crucial role in the determination of appropriate spatiotemporal covariance models, and it can affect the results of geostatistical operations involved in spatiotemporal hydrologic mapping. 相似文献
14.
A stochastic flow representation is considered with the Eulerian velocity decomposed between a smooth large scale component and a rough small-scale turbulent component. The latter is specified as a random field uncorrelated in time. Subsequently, the material derivative is modified and leads to a stochastic version of the material derivative to include a drift correction, an inhomogeneous and anisotropic diffusion, and a multiplicative noise. As derived, this stochastic transport exhibits a remarkable energy conservation property for any realizations. As demonstrated, this pivotal operator further provides elegant means to derive stochastic formulations of classical representations of geophysical flow dynamics. 相似文献
15.
The concept of attenuation operators and complex velocities is applied to scattering attenuation in two and three dimensions, using the minimum-phase assumption for the attenuation operator. Acoustic 2D finite-difference computations of synthetic seismograms show, that the attenuation operator describes well the decay and lowpass filtering of the averaged wave form, which follows from averaging travel-time-corrected wave forms along the wave front. In the case of exponential random media, analytical forms of the attenuation operators and complex velocities are available. The complex velocities are incorporated into the reflectivity method. As an application, synthetic seismograms are presented for theS
n
wave, attenuated by lithospheric velocity and density fluctuations. The limitations of attenuation operators and complex velocities for scattering are also discussed. With these quantities it is not possible to model phenomena related to the scattered waves themselves, such as amplitude and travel-time fluctuations along the wave front, codas and precursors. 相似文献
16.
Single‐component towed‐streamer marine data acquisition records the pressure variations of the upgoing compressional waves followed by the polarity‐reversed pressure variations of downgoing waves, creating sea‐surface ghost events in the data. The sea‐surface ghost for constant‐depth towed‐streamer marine data acquisition is usually characterised by a ghost operator acting on the upgoing waves, which can be formulated as a filtering process in the frequency–wavenumber domain. The deghosting operation, usually via the application of the inverse Wiener filter related to the ghost operator, acts on the signal as well as the noise. The noise power transfer into the deghosted data is proportional to the power spectrum of the inverse Wiener filter and is amplifying the noise strongly at the notch wavenumbers and frequencies of the ghost operator. For variable‐depth streamer acquisition, the sea‐surface ghost cannot be described any longer as a wavenumber–frequency operator but as a linear relationship between the wavenumber–frequency representation of the upgoing waves at the sea surface and the data in the space–frequency domain. In this article, we investigate how the application of the inverse process acts on noise. It turns out that the noise magnification is less severe with variable‐depth streamer data, as opposed to constant depth, and is inversely proportional to the local slant of the streamer. We support this statement via application of the deghosting process to real and numerical random noise. We also propose a more general concept of a wavenumber–frequency ghost power transfer function, applicable for variable‐depth streamer acquisition, and demonstrate that the inverse of the proposed variable‐depth ghost power transfer function can be used to approximately quantify the action of the variable‐depth streamer deghosting process on noise. 相似文献
17.
地震数据本质上是时变的,不仅有效同相轴表现出确定性信号的时变特征,而且复杂地表和构造条件以及深部探测环境总是引入时变的非平稳随机噪声.标准的频率-空间域预测滤波只适合压制平面波信号假设下的平稳随机噪声,而处理非平稳地震随机噪声时,需要将数据体分割为小窗口进行分析,但效果不够理想,而传统非预测类随机噪声压制方法往往适应性不高,因此开发能够保护地震信号时变特征的随机噪声压制方法具有重要的工业价值.压缩感知是近年出现的一个新的采样理论,通过开发信号的稀疏特性,已经在地震数据处理中的数据插值以及噪声压制中得到了应用.本文系统地分析了压缩感知理论框架下的地震随机噪声压制问题,建立了阈值消噪的数学反演目标函数;针对时变有效信息具有的可压缩性,利用有限差分算法求解炮检距连续方程,构建有限差分炮检距连续预测算子(FDOC),在seislet变换框架下,提出一种新的快速稀疏变换域———FDOC-seislet变换,实现地震数据的高度稀疏表征;结合非平稳随机噪声不可压缩的特征,提出了一种整形迭代消噪方法,该方法是一种广义的迭代收缩阈值(IST)算法,在无法计算稀疏变换伴随算子的条件下,仍然能够对强噪声环境中的时变有效信息进行有效恢复.通过对模型数据和实际数据的处理,验证了FDOC-seislet稀疏变换域随机噪声迭代压制方法能够在保护复杂构造地震波信息的前提下,有效地衰减原始数据中的强振幅随机噪声干扰. 相似文献
18.
Estimation procedures for exchangeable Marshall copulas with hydrological application 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Fabrizio Durante Ostap Okhrin 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2015,29(1):205-226
Complex phenomena in environmental sciences can be conveniently represented by several inter-dependent random variables. In order to describe such situations, copula-based models have been studied during the last year. In this paper, we consider a novel family of bivariate copulas, called exchangeable Marshall copulas. Such copulas describe both positive and (upper) tail association between random variables. Specifically, inference procedures for the family of exchangeable Marshall copulas are introduced, based on the estimation of their (univariate) generator. Moreover, the performance of the proposed methodologies is shown in a simulation study. Finally, an illustration describes how the proposed procedures can be useful in a hydrological application. 相似文献
19.
Achut Parajuli Daniel F. Nadeau François Anctil Annie-Claude Parent Benjamin Bouchard Médéric Girard Sylvain Jutras 《水文研究》2020,34(11):2628-2644
In snow-fed catchments, it is crucial to monitor and model the snow water equivalent (SWE), particularly when simulating the melt water runoff. SWE distribution can, however, be highly heterogeneous, particularly in forested environments. Within these locations, scant studies have explored the spatiotemporal variability in SWE in relation with vegetation characteristics, with only few successful attempts. The aim of this paper is to fill this knowledge gap, through a detailed monitoring at nine locations within a 3.49 km2 forested catchment in southern Québec, Canada (47°N, 71°W). The catchment receives an annual average of 633 mm of solid precipitation and is predominantly covered with balsam fir stands. Extracted from intensive field campaign and high-resolution LiDAR data, this study explores the effect of fine scale forest features (tree height, tree diameter, canopy density, leaf area index [LAI], tree density and gap fraction) on the spatiotemporal variability in the SWE distribution. A nested stratified random sampling design was adopted to quantify small-scale variability across the catchment and 1810 manual snow samples were collected throughout the consecutive winters of 2016–17 and 2017–18. This study explored the variability of SWE using coefficients of variation (CV) and relating to the LAI. We also present existing spatiotemporal differences in maximum snow depth across different stands and its relationship with average tree diameter. Furthermore, exploiting key vegetation characteristics, this paper explores different approaches to model SWE, such as multiple linear regression, binary regression tree and neural networks (NN). We were unable to establish any relationship between the CV of SWE and the LAI. However, we observed an increase in maximum snow depth with decreasing tree diameter, suggesting an association between these variables. NN modelling (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency [NSE] = 0.71) revealed that, snow depth, snowpack age and forest characteristics (tree diameter and tree density) are key controlling variables on SWE. Using only variables that are deemed to be more readily available (snow depth, tree height, snowpack age and elevation), NN performance falls by only 7% (NSE = 0.66). 相似文献
20.
时频峰值滤波(TFPF)算法是一种非常有效的去噪方法.但是传统的TFPF采用的单一窗长,并且仅沿时间方向进行滤波,忽略了信号的空间信息,并且TFPF近似等效成一个时不变的低通滤波器,不能追踪快速变化的信号.针对这些问题,引入空间局部加权回归自适应TFPF(SLWR-ATFPF).鉴于随机噪声在各个位置的方向随机性,以及有效信号在各个位置的方向确定性,首先利用空间局部加权回归(SLWR),对含噪信号进行空间加权,从而使加权之后的信号包含空间信息.然后,再引入凸集和Viterbi的思想,对空间加权之后的信号进行自适应滤波.从而,完成时空域二维自适应滤波.将SLWR-ATFPF应用于合成记录和实际的共炮点记录,实验结果表明,改进的方法与原算法相比,能够在压制低信噪比(SNR)随机噪声的同时更好地保留有效信号. 相似文献