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2011年3月11日的日本Mw9.0地震在中国引起了大范围的井水温度同震变化,而水温震后持续变化的井孔多数分布在井网密度较大、距震中较近的环渤海地区。本文分析了环渤海地区水温震后变化的特征和机理。结果表明,水温震后变化形态为上升,变幅0. 005~0.976°C,空间分布在同震位移较大、张性应变较明显和地震能量密度较大的区域;依据同井水位资料,一些井孔的水温和水位震后变化特征较一致,其水温震后升高可能是地震波增大含水层渗透性的结果;另一些井孔的水位震后变化不显著,其水温震后升高可能与地震波增大井区大地热流有关。 相似文献
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利用Sentinel-1A卫星升降轨道数据和D-InSAR技术获得青海门源2022年1月8日MS6.9地震的同震形变场,并基于弹性半空间位错模型反演其震源参数,利用分布滑动模型确定断层面上的滑动分布。结果表明,2022年1月8日青海门源地震的同震形变场沿NWW-SEE方向分布;断裂带南缘升轨影像和降轨影像最大视距分别为61 cm和62 cm,断裂带北缘升轨影像和降轨影像最大视距地表形变量分别为43 cm和56 cm。InSAR同震形变场断裂尺度模型断层长30 km,宽18 km,最大滑移量3.5 m;断层滑动分布模型表明该地震为左旋走滑地震。结合冷龙岭断裂的运动特征和几何特征,初步确定此次MS6.9地震的发震断裂为冷龙岭断裂 相似文献
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2011年3月11日日本发生9.0级地震,本文以此次地震的震间、同震和震后形变观测为约束,依据不同时段断层运动空间分布特征分析日本海沟地区强震与断层运动间关系.震间日本海沟地区,断层运动闭锁线深度约为60km,闭锁线以上从深到浅依次为断层运动强闭锁段、无震滑移段和弱闭锁段.由同震位错反演结果,2011年日本9.0级地震同震存在深浅两个滑移极值区,同震较浅的滑移极值区(同震位错量10~50m,深度小于30km)震间为断层弱闭锁段;同震较深的滑移极值区(同震位错量10~20m,深度在40km左右)震间为断层强闭锁段;而在两者之间的过渡带同震位错相对较小,震间断层运动表现为无震滑移.震后初期断层运动主要分布在在闭锁线以上的同震较深滑移极值区,而同震较浅的滑移极值区能量释放比较彻底,断层震后余滑量相对较小.依据本文同震和震间断层运动反演结果,震间强闭锁段积累10m同震位错需要100多年时间,与该区域历史上7级地震活动复发周期相当;震间弱闭锁段积累30~50m同震位错约需要300~600年时间,与相关研究给出的日本海沟9级左右地震复发周期比较一致.在实际孕震能力判定的工作中,由于不同性质的断层段在同震过程中会表现更多的组合形式,断层发震能力判定结果存在更多的不确定性,但利用区域形变观测等资料给出震间断层运动特征的研究工作对于断层强震发震能力的判定具有非常重要的实际意义. 相似文献
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为了清晰认识发生于青藏高原西北部2008年与2014年的两次于田MS7.3地震发震构造环境与构造地貌特征,本文利用DEM(数字高程模型)数据分析"喀喇昆仑—西昆仑—康西瓦地区"的地形地貌特征,结合区域活动断裂研究资料、相对于塔里木盆地的两期GPS速度场资料和区域运动学特征等讨论两次MS7.3地震所处的青藏高原西北部区域构造环境和地壳运动学特征,分析喀喇昆仑断裂、阿尔金断裂康西瓦段、龙木错-邦达错断裂及贡嘎错断裂所围限的西昆仑地块的地质构造背景、阿尔金断裂西南端发震断裂活动性及孕震环境等发震构造基本条件;进而利用"地形剖面"方法及断裂分布特征分析震源区的地形地貌特征,给出晚第四纪以来的地貌形态与发震构造的关系,从区域构造地貌学和GPS地壳运动学的角度探讨中上地壳变形特征及孕震过程;最后讨论区域孕震构造、克尔牙张性裂谷演化过程和地球动力学背景等。通过地形剖面及区域地貌综合分析新疆于田2008年MS7.3拉张型发震构造和2014年MS7.3走滑拉张型地震的发震构造特点的区别,认为2014年发生的地震可能与2008年MS7.3地震同震库伦应力变化、触发过程及震后变形过程密切相关,并且青藏高原西北部地区存在明显的东西向拉张性构造单元,可能与青藏高原10~15 Ma以来的地壳减薄过程有关。 相似文献
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Characteristics of coseismic water level changes at Tangshan well for the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and its larger aftershocks 
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下载免费PDF全文 Baojun Yin Li Ma Huizhong Chen Jianping Huang Chaojun Zhang Wuxing Wang 《地震科学（英文版）》2009,22(2):149-157
Coseismic water level changes which may have been induced by the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake and its 15 larger aftershocks (MS≥?5.4) have been observed at Tangshan well. We analyze the correlation between coseismic parameters (maximum amplitude, duration, coseismic step and the time when the coseismic reach its maximum amplitude) and earthquake parameters (magnitude, well-epicenter distance and depth), and then compare the time when the coseismic oscillation reaches its maximum amplitude with the seismogram from Douhe seismic station which is about 16.3 km away from Tangshan well. The analysis indicates that magnitude is the main factor influencing the induced coseismic water level changes, and that the well-epicenter distance and depth have less influence. MS magnitude has the strongest correlation with the coseismic water level changes comparing to MW and ML magnitudes. There exists strong correlation between the maximum amplitude, step size and the oscillation duration. The water level oscillation and step are both caused by dynamic strain sourcing from seismic waves. Most of the times when the oscillations reach their maximum amplitudes are between S and Rayleigh waves. The coseismic water level changes are due to the co-effect of seismic waves and hydro-geological environments. 相似文献
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收集了覆盖监测区域的Sentinel-1卫星雷达影像,利用短基线集干涉测量技术提取了2017年伊朗萨波尔扎哈布MW7.3地震后283天的地表时序形变,通过二步法反演得到其震后余滑分布,之后采用差分干涉技术获取了2018年发生于同一地区的贾万鲁德MW6.0地震的同震形变场,并将反演所得的发震断层参数作为应力计算的接收断层参数,来分析2017年MW7.3强震及其震后活动对2018年贾万鲁德MW6.0地震的触发影响。结果表明:萨波尔扎哈布地震的震后形变主要由孕震断层面的余滑运动所致,震后283天余滑模型的累积滑移量达到0.7 m;2018年贾万鲁德地震的发震断层走向为355.6°,倾角为89.4°,同震断层破裂以右旋走滑为主,兼具部分正断层运动。本文所得的贾万鲁德地震断层平面上的库仑应力变化表明,2017年MW7.3主震及其震后余滑对2018年MW6.0地震的发生具有一定的触发效应,MW6.0地震的发生可能与区域板块的活动性相关。 相似文献
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以芦山、汶川地震震中为中心,选择了8个井点,对2个地震引起的井水位同震变化进行了比较,重点分析了3口同震变化反向的井点,即重庆的荣昌华江井、北碚柳荫井和四川的泸沽湖井。为使对比研究结果可靠,进一步收集了2011年3月11日日本9.0级地震、2012年4月11日苏门答腊北部海域8.6级地震引起的井水位同震变化资料。对汶川、芦山地震引起的同震体应变的计算结果显示：汶川地震时,荣昌华江井、北碚柳荫井和泸沽湖井水位同震变化与井点位置处的同震体应变一致,即位于同震体应变压缩区的井水位上升,位于体应变膨胀区的井水位下降;芦山地震时,3口井的水位同震变化与同震体应变不一致,表现出与日本、苏门答腊地震时相似的同震变化特征。 相似文献
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运用Sentinel-1A卫星数据和D-InSAR技术,获取2021-05-21云南漾濞M_S6.4地震的同震形变场。结果显示,漾濞地震同震形变场长轴近NW展布升降轨形变场符号相反,视线向最大沉降量和抬升量为0.1 m。InSAR同震形变场反演的滑动分布主要集中在沿走向2～12 km,倾向1～9 km的范围内,最大滑动量0.35 m,发震断层长9.8 km、宽4 km,滑动量主要集中在地下3～6 km范围内,滑动角-146.7°。同震位移场及滑动分布模型反映本次地震为发震断层的右旋走滑事件,地震破裂未达到地表。断层模型反演结果显示,矩震级为M_W6.1,发震断层以北西走向右旋走滑运动为主,初步认为本次M_W6.1地震发震断裂可能是一条NW向的维西—乔后断裂西侧的隐伏次生断裂。 相似文献
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2022年1月8日青海省海北州门源县发生MS6.9地震,震中距离2016年1月21日门源MS6.4地震震中约33km,两次门源地震均发生在冷龙岭断裂附近,但在震源机制、主发震断层破裂过程及地震序列余震活动等方面显著不同。针对两次门源地震序列的比较分析,对研究冷龙岭断裂及其附近区域强震序列和余震衰减特征等具有重要研究意义。通过对比分析2022年门源MS6.9地震和2016年门源MS6.4地震余震的时空演化特征,发现二者在震源过程和断层破裂尺度上存在明显差异,前者发震断层破裂充分,震后能量释放充分,余震丰富且震级偏高;而后者发震断层未破裂至地表,余震震级水平偏低。综合分析两次门源地震序列表现出来的差异性,认为其可能与地震发震断层的破裂过程密切相关,且同时受到区域构造环境的影响。 相似文献
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Two of the four wells monitored near Parkfield, California, during 1985 showed water level rises beginning three days before theM
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6.1 Kettleman Hills earthquake. In one of these wells, the 3.0 cm rise was nearly unique in five years of water level data. However, in the other well, which showed a 3.8 cm rise, many other changes of comparable size have been observed. Both wells that did not display pre-earthquake rises tap partially confined aquifers that cannot sustain pressure changes due to tectonic strain having periods longer than several days. We evaluate the effect of partial aquifer confinement on the ability of these four wells to display water level changes in response to aquifer strain. Although the vertical hydraulic diffusivities cannot be determined uniquely, we can find a value of diffusivity for each site that is consistent with the site's tidal and barometric responses as well as with the rate of partial recovery of the coseismic water level drops. Furthermore, the diffusivity for one well is high enough to explain why the preseismic rise could not have been detected there. For the fourth well, the diffusivity is high enough to have reduced the size of the preseismic signal as much as 50%, although it should still have been detectable. Imperfect confinement cannot explain the persistent water level changes in the two partially confined aquifers, but it does show that they were not due to volume strain. The pre-earthquake water level rises may have been precursors to the Kettleman Hills earthquake. If so, they probably were not caused by accelerating slip over the part of the fault plane that ruptured in that earthquake because they are of opposite sign to the observed coseismic water level drops. 相似文献
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依据速率-状态依赖性摩擦本构关系,并结合中下地壳和上地幔的黏弹性松弛效应,以震后库仑破裂应力变化和同震动态库仑破裂应力变化的计算为基础,模拟了两种应力变化对芦山地震断层的失稳发震时间的影响,研究了2008年MS8.0汶川地震与2013年MS7.0芦山地震之间的触发关系.计算得到,汶川地震在芦山地震震源断层面上产生的动态应力变化的峰值为0.127 MPa;此外,经过近5年中下地壳和上地幔的黏弹性松弛效应,芦山地震震源断层面上受到的震后应力变化值为0.025 MPa.结果表明,芦山地震的震源断层在应力积累逐渐接近临界状态的某一特定时期内,受到了汶川地震产生的动态应力变化、静态应力变化以及黏弹性松弛效应造成应力变化的共同触发作用,且动态应力的延迟触发作用可能更为显著.最后对芦山地震之后研究区域的应力变化场进行了初步探讨. 相似文献
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采用多井对多震的方式,选取山东省地下流体观测井网中同震响应较好的6口观测井作为研究对象,分别从水位变化形态和幅度对比分析2011年日本MW9.0地震、2012年苏门答腊MW8.6地震和2015年尼泊尔MW7.8地震引起的井水位变化特征,探讨引起该变化的可能机理。研究结果显示:水位同震变化形态以振荡为主;通过定量分析认为聊古一井井水位的阶升是由含水层渗透系数增大所致;位于同一断裂带上的聊古一井和鲁27井井水位在同一地震中所表现的变化形态不同,可能与两个观测井所处的地质构造条件和地震活动背景不同有关;区域应力场的变化会影响栖霞鲁07井的水位同震变化形态;水位同震变化幅度与震级、井震距存在一定关系,同时也取决于含水层水文地质条件的变化量。 相似文献
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本文在考虑全球陆面数据同化系统陆地水储量变化影响后,利用2002年4月—2015年4月GRACE卫星RL05月重力场模型获取了2011年日本MW9.0地震震中及其周边区域的重力场信息;然后给出了日本及其周边2003—2015年的年度累积重力变化和差分重力变化,并且利用经验正态函数方法深入分析了该地震过程中同震重力变化对区域重力场的贡献. 结果显示:日本MW9.0地震前研究区域出现了幅值高达2×10-8 m/s2的异常重力变化,其同震效应的时间和空间特征均出现在第一模态,且同震重力变化和震后区域重力场变化特征显著,这充分表明该地震对区域重力场的影响显著. 相似文献
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2011年日本MW9.0地震（简称日本地震）后沂沭断裂带及其两侧地区地震活动显著增强,研究日本地震对该地区地壳运动及地震潜势的影响十分必要.为此,本文通过112个连续GPS观测站获取了研究区高空间分辨率的日本地震同震形变场并得到如下认识：（1）8个定点地球物理观测的同震响应验证了本文同震形变场的可靠性;日本地震的东向拉张使研究区整体上处于张性同震应变状态,但存在局部挤压区域,其中莱州湾至海州湾的挤压条带穿过沂沭断裂带并对断裂带南北两段产生了不同的同震作用,对南段具有拉张作用,对北段产生挤压作用;（2）同震形变场在鲁东隆起和鲁西断块产生了显著的剪应变,地震b值显示上述区域的构造应力在日本地震后增强,因此同震形变场可能改变了这些区域的应力特征;（3）地震矩张量叠加分析显示,同震形变场短期内对鲁西断块、鲁东隆起区和沂沭断裂带南段累积了地震矩,可能有助于上述区域在日本地震以后的地震活动增强;日本地震对沂沭断裂带北段的地震矩具有释放作用,或许是该区域地震活动减弱的原因. 相似文献
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Yeeping Chia Jessie J. Chiu Yi-Hsuan Chiang Tsai-Ping Lee Chen-Wuing Liu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(1):5-16
Changes of groundwater level, ranging from a fall of 11.10 m to a rise of 7.42 m, induced by thrust faulting during the 1999
Mw 7.6, Chi-Chi earthquake have been recorded in 276 monitoring wells in Taiwan. Most coseismic falls appeared near the seismogenic
fault as well as other active faults, while coseismic rises prevailed away from the fault. Coseismic groundwater level rises
and falls correlated fairly well with hypocentral distance in the vicinity of the thrust fault. We found a major difference
of coseismic changes in wells of different depths at most multiple-well stations. The recovery process of coseismic groundwater
level changes is associated with the confining condition of the aquifer. Cross-formational flow is likely to play an important
role in groundwater level changes after the earthquake. In the hanging wall of the thrust fault, an abnormal decline of groundwater
level was observed immediately before the earthquake. The underlying mechanism of the unique preseismic change warrants further
investigation. 相似文献
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Internal structures and high-velocity frictional properties of a bedding-parallel carbonate fault at Xiaojiaqiao outcrop activated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Linfeng Hou Shengli Ma Toshihiko Shimamoto Jianye Chen Lu Yao Xiaosong Yang Yuji Okimura 《地震科学（英文版）》2012,25(3):197-217
This paper reports internal structures of a bedding-parallel fault in Permian limestone at Xiaojiaqiao outcrop that was moved by about 0.5 m during the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The fault is located about 3 km to the south from the middle part of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, a major fault in the Longmenshan fault system that was moved during the earthquake. The outcrop is also located at Anxian transfer zone between the northern and central segments of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault where fault system is complex. Thus the fault is an example of subsidiary faults activated by Wenchuan earthquake. The fault has a strike of 243° or N63°E and a dip of 38°NW and is nearly optimally oriented for thrust motion, in contrast to high-angle coseismic faults at most places. Surface outcrop and two shallow drilling studies reveal that the fault zone is several centimeters wide at most and that the coseismic slip zone during Wenchuan earthquake is about 1 mm thick. Fault zone contains foliated cataclasite, fault breccia, black gouge and yellowish gouge. Many clasts of foliated cataclasite and black gouge contained in fault breccia indicate multiple slip events along this fault. But fossils on both sides of fault do not indicate clear age difference and overall displacement along this fault should not be large. We also report results from high-velocity friction experiments conducted on yellowish gouge from the fault zone using a rotary shear low to high-velocity frictional testing apparatus. Dry experiments at normal stresses of 0.4 to 1.8 MPa and at slip rates of 0.08 to 1.35 m/s reveal dramatic slip weakening from the peak friction coefficient of around 0.6 to very low steady-state friction coefficient of 0.1-0.2. Slip weakening parameters of this carbonate fault zone are similar to those of clayey fault gouge from Yingxiu-Beichuan fault at Hongkou outcrop and from Pingxi fault zone. Our experimental result will provide a condition for triggering movement of subsidiary faults or off-fault damage during a large earthquake. 相似文献
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The characteristics of spatio-temporal seismicity evolution before the Wenchuan earthquake are studied. The results mainly involve in the trend abnormal features and its relation to the Wenchuan earthquake. The western Chinese mainland and its adjacent area has been in the seismically active period since 2001, while the seismic activity shows the obvious quiescence of M≥?7.0, M≥?6.0 and M?≥5.0 earthquakes in Chinese mainland. A quiescence area with M?≥7.0 has been formed in the middle of the North-South seismic zone since 1988, and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred just within this area. There are a background seismicity gap of M?≥5.0 earthquakes and a seismogenic gap of ML?≥4.0 earthquakes in the area of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinity prior to the Wenchuan earthquake. The seismic activity obviously strengthened and a doughnut-shape pattern of M?≥4.6 earthquakes is formed in the middle and southern part of the North-South seismic zone after the 2003 Dayao, Yunnan, earthquake. Sichuan and its vicinity in the middle of the doughnut-shape pattern show abnormal quiescence. At the same time, the seismicity of earthquake swarms is significant and shows heterogeneity in the temporal and spatial process. A swarm gap appears in the M4.6 seismically quiet area, and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred just on the margin of the gap. In addition, in the short term before the Wenchuan earthquake, the quiescence of earthquake with ML≥?4.0 appears in Qinghai-Tibet block and a seismic belt of ML?≥3.0 earthquakes, with NW striking and oblique with Longmenshan fault zone, is formed. 相似文献