共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The geochemical backgrounds and origins of soil gases in the Yanhuai basin are discussed based on the regional seismogeological data and concentrations of Rn, Hg, CO<sub<2</sub<, H<sub<2</sub<, He and CH<sub<4</sub< in soil gas measured at 422 investigating sites in field during September to October 2007. The geochemical background values of Rn, Hg, CO<sub<2</sub<, H<sub<2</sub<, He and CH<sub<4</sub< are (8105.8?±5937.4) Bq/m<sup<3</sup<, (9.7?±5.8) ng/m<sup<3</sup<, (395.9?±35.3)?×10<sup<?6</sup<, (4.0?±2.3)?×10<sup<?6</sup<, (15.9?±10.4)×?10<sup<?6</sup< and (12.7?±8.1)?×10<sup<?6</sup<, respectively. The geochemical backgrounds of the soil gases are higher in the eastern part of the Yanhuai basin. The main factors affecting the gasgeochemical backgrounds are gaseous origins, structure of the crust, faults, stratum and microbe activity. The higher values of gasgeochemical backgrounds in the eastern part are attributed to the existence of low-velocity zones in the upper crust, stronger tectonic activity and more contributions of Hg and He derived from the deep-earth and Rn originated from granite, corresponding to stronger seismic activity. The results can be applied to identifying seismic precursor from monitoring data of gases in the studied area. 相似文献
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In this study, we preliminarily investigated the dynamic rupture process of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake by using an extended boundary integral equation method, in which the effect of ground surface can be exactly included. Parameters for numerical modeling were carefully assigned based on previous studies. Numerical results indicated that, although many simplifications are assumed, such as the fault plane is planar and all heterogeneities are neglected, distribution of slip is still consistent roughly with the results of kinematic inversion, implying that for earthquakes in which ruptures run up directly to the ground surface, the dynamic processes are controlled by geometry of the fault to a great extent. By taking the common feature inferred by various kinematic inversion studies as a restriction, we found that the critical slip-weakening distance <i<D</i<<sub<c</sub< should locate in a narrow region 60 cm, 70 cm, and supershear rupture might occur during this earthquake, if the initial shear stress before the mainshock is close to the local shear strength. 相似文献
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Shunliang Chi 《地震科学（英文版）》2009,22(6):579-587
In 2004, China's digital seismic observation network project began to deploy 40 sets YRY-4 four-component borehole strainmeters in order to monitor earthquake preparation process. The paper describes observed solid tidal strain discreteness and tidal factor anisotropy, analyzes the reliability of observational data and discusses the cause for this phenomenon. After getting rid of interferences, the network, in two years practice, has observed several pre-seismic strain anomalies at stations close to epicenters especially in the Wenchuan <i<M</i<<sub<S</sub<8.0 megaquake. It shows that this borehole strainmeter network is capable of monitoring seismogenic process. 相似文献
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《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2006,241(1-2):336-350
We investigated the fault geometry effects and the corresponding coseismic slip distribution using various proposed earthquake fault models for the Chi-Chi earthquake of 21 September 1999. The types of fault geometries are threefold: a simple planar fault plane, a two segmented planar fault plane and a three dimensional (3D) curved fault surface rupture propagation model. We derived the estimated spatial slip distribution from an inversion analysis of GPS coseismic displacement data and show that the 3D fault model is the preferred solution. The simple and segmented fault models lead to significant artificial slip distributions associated with the pre-defined fault geometry and the spatial distribution of GPS stations. The spatial distribution of coseismic slip deduced from the 3D fault model has three observable features: (1) the overall slip is concentrated at depth of less than 12 km, which may well correspond to a shallow-dipping detachment; (2) the maximum slip of about 10 m is located 45 km to the north of the epicenter; and (3) the slip vector is dominated by the dip-slip component. In addition, the results from the inversion of GPS data are consistent with those from the inversion analysis of teleseismic broadband data. A resolution analysis, further, demonstrates that the results are highly correlated with field GPS data studies when we used synthetic test data. The inversion of spatially distributed GPS data is highly sensitive to fault geometry. We conclude that the use of the 3D fault model is not only necessary but also certainly competent enough to well explain the inferred slip style and the observed static coseismic displacements. 相似文献
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利用日本ALOS-2和欧空局Sentinel-1A卫星获得的尼泊尔地震同震形变场,结合GPS同震位移数据,联合反演了断层滑动分布特征和空间展布.结果表明:尼泊尔地震的同震形变场主要集中在150km×100km的范围内,且分为南北两个相邻的形变中心,南形变中心的视线向抬升量约为1.2m,北形变中心的视线向沉降量约为0.8m,均位于发震断层上盘.位于形变抬升区的KKN4和NAST两个GPS站,抬升量和南向运动量均达到了m级,而远离震区的其他GPS台水平和垂直观测量均在1cm以内.联合反演得到的断层位错分布主要集中在沿走向150km,沿倾向70km的范围内,最大滑动量为5.59m,平均滑动量为0.94m.断层面倾角在浅部约为7°,随着深度增加,倾角逐渐变大,到垂直深度20km时倾角接近12°;5月12日MW7.2级余震位于主震破裂区的"凹"型滑动缺损区域;主震破裂区的上边界与MBT空间位置十分吻合,主震破裂区主要集中的MBT以北50~60km处,垂直深度为8~9km,倾角为9°,继续向北时主震破裂面以10°~12°的倾角向深延伸,在18~20km可能与MHT交汇.因此,初步判定MBT为此次地震的发震断层. 相似文献
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2008年5月12日发生在四川汶川的大地震造成映秀—北川断裂和灌县—江油断裂同时破裂,分别形成了240多公里和70多公里的地表破裂带.本文以GPS观测获得的同震位移场为约束,反演地震破裂的空间分布.反演结果显示映秀—北川主破裂带倾向北西,沿破裂带的走向从南到北倾角逐渐变大,破裂断层的平均宽度在10~18 km左右.破裂断层的错动在南段以逆冲为主,在北段走滑分量逐步加大,右旋走滑成为断层破裂的主要特征.断层破裂最大段落错动量分别达到了7.8 m和7.4 m,恰好对应这次地震中地表破坏最为严重的映秀和北川地区.本次地震释放地震矩6.70×1020N·m,相应矩震级Mw=7.9. 相似文献
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地震地表破裂基本参数是反演地震破裂过程的基本约束条件和预测其他活动断层地震危险性不可缺少的物理量.以野外地表破裂带重要观测点全站仪或差分GPS仪实测数据为基础,结合高分辨率遥感资料解译、先存断层陡坎构造地貌标志的识别、以及地形测绘资料的考证等,重新论证了5·12汶川地震地表破裂带展布样式、长度、最大同震位移值等基本参数.结果表明,地震地表破裂带长度可达240 km,最大垂直位移为6.5±0.5 m,最大右旋走滑位移4.9 m,基于倾角向下变缓逆断层模型推测汶川地震在龙门山推覆构造带中段产生了最大~7 m的地壳缩短量,说明青藏高原东缘横向逆断层为将高原内部东向水平运动转换为高原隆升的转换构造,这一研究结果有助于深化认识青藏高原东缘隆升机理. 相似文献
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Qi Li Kai Tan Dong Zhen Wang Bin Zhao Rui Zhang Yu Li Yu Jie Qi 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(3):805-814
The spatio-temporal slip distribution of the earthquake that occurred on 8 August 2017 in Jiuzhaigou, China, was estimated from the teleseismic body wave and near-field Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data (coseismic displacements and high-rate GPS data) based on a finite fault model. Compared with the inversion results from the teleseismic body waves, the near-field GNSS data can better restrain the rupture area, the maximum slip, the source time function, and the surface rupture. The results show that the maximum slip of the earthquake approaches 1.4 m, the scalar seismic moment is ~ 8.0 × 1018 N·m (Mw?≈?6.5), and the centroid depth is ~ 15 km. The slip is mainly driven by the left-lateral strike-slip and it is initially inferred that the seismogenic fault occurs in the south branch of the Tazang fault or an undetectable fault, a NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip fault, and belongs to one of the tail structures at the easternmost end of the eastern Kunlun fault zone. The earthquake rupture is mainly concentrated at depths of 5–15 km, which results in the complete rupture of the seismic gap left by the previous four earthquakes with magnitudes >?6.0 in 1973 and 1976. Therefore, the possibility of a strong aftershock on the Huya fault is low. The source duration is ~ 30 s and there are two major ruptures. The main rupture occurs in the first 10 s, 4 s after the earthquake; the second rupture peak arrives in ~ 17 s. In addition, the Coulomb stress study shows that the epicenter of the earthquake is located in the area where the static Coulomb stress change increased because of the 12 May 2017 Mw7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake. Therefore, the Wenchuan earthquake promoted the occurrence of the 8 August 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. 相似文献
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基于1976年唐山MS7.8地震的同震位移和现今GPS速度结果, 本文分析了该地震的同震破裂参数、 同震应变释放分布及其现今应变积累特征． 对唐山同震位移二维位错解析公式的拟合结果显示, 唐山地震前的断层闭锁深度约为18—23 km, 断层倾角可能介于74°—90°之间, 同震位错量约为3.1—3.4 m． 在同震过程中沿发震断层表现出显著的右旋错动特征, 在发震断层两侧沿NE向表现出左旋应变释放特征． 在本文现有的GPS测站密度和精度情况下, 尚无法识别出现今阶段沿唐山断裂的明显蠕滑特征． 唐山同震应变释放和现今GPS应变率积累结果均显示, 唐山断裂SE侧的剪切形变(速率)量值大于其NW侧, 同震与现今阶段的形变量值相差约1000倍． 相似文献
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Coseismic deformation of the 2021 MW7.4 Maduo earthquake from joint inversion of InSAR,GPS, and teleseismic data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chaoya Liu Ling Bai Shunying Hong Yanfang Dong Yong Jiang Hongru Li Huili Zhan Zhiwen Chen 《地震科学（英文版）》2021,34(5):436-446
The MW7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on 22 May 2021 at 02:04 CST with a large-expansion surface rupture. This earthquake was located in the Bayan Har block at the eastern Tibetan Plateau, where eight earthquakes of MS >7.0 have occurred in the past 25 years. Here, we combined interferometric synthetic aperture radar, GPS, and teleseismic data to study the coseismic slip distribution, fault geometry, and dynamic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake. We found that the overall coseismic deformation field of the Maduo earthquake is distributed in the NWW-SEE direction along 285°. There was slight bending at the western end and two branches at the eastern end. The maximum slip is located near the eastern bending area on the northern branch of the fault system. The rupture nucleated on the Jiangcuo fault and propagated approximately 160 km along-strike in both the NWW and SEE directions. The characteristic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake is similar to that of the 2010 MW6.8 Yushu earthquake, indicating that similar earthquakes with large-expansion surface ruptures and small shallow slip deficits can occur on both the internal fault and boundary fault of the Bayan Har block. 相似文献
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2017年8月8日四川省九寨沟县发生M_s7.0地震.本文基于Sentinel-1 SAR影像,利用InSAR技术获取了此次地震的同震形变场,反演获得同震滑动分布,计算了同震位错对余震分布和周边断层的静态库仑应力变化,并对发震构造进行了分析讨论.结果表明:①InSAR同震形变场显示,九寨沟地震造成地表形变最大量级约为20 cm(雷达视线方向),同震形变存在非对称性分布特征.②同震位错以左旋走滑为主,主要发生在4~16 km深度,最大滑动量约为77 cm,位于9 km深处.反演得到的矩震级为Mw6.46.同震错动未破裂到地表.③大部分余震发生在库仑应力增加区.此次地震增加了震中周边地区一些断裂的库仑应力,如东昆仑断裂带东段、龙日坝断裂、虎牙断裂等.④东昆仑断裂东段的未来地震危险性值得关注.⑤九寨沟地震的发震断层为树正断裂,可能是虎牙断裂的北西延伸隐伏部分,此次地震是巴颜喀拉块体南东向运动受到华南块体的强烈阻挡过程中发生的一次典型构造事件. 相似文献
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2008年5月12日,青藏高原东缘的龙门山断裂带上发生了Mw7.9级汶川地震.本文通过分析覆盖汶川地震震中区域的ALOS/PALSAR像对的方位向偏移量来选择无明显电离层扰动影响的像对进行干涉处理,获取了高精度、连续的InSAR地表形变场.在此基础上,结合高精度GPS同震形变数据,采用同震、黏弹性松弛震后形变联合反演模型同时确定了汶川地震的同震滑动分布和龙门山地区的流变结构参数.研究结果表明,汶川地震是一个断层破裂非常复杂的地震事件,其中,北川段、岳家山段、虹口段和汉旺段的滑动以逆冲为主,而青川段以右旋走滑为主.滑动主要发生在10 km深度以上的区域,最大滑动量位于虹口段的东北端,达10.7 m.地震释放的总能量为9.28×1020 N·m（Mw7.91）,与地震学的结果一致.联合反演模型确定的龙门山地区中下地壳的黏性系数为2×1018 Pa·s,为青藏高原东部地区的黏性系数提供了一个可靠的下限值.如果有更长时间的震后形变观测时间序列,将为该区域提供更为可靠的流变结构. 相似文献
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2011年3月11日日本发生9.0级地震,本文以此次地震的震间、同震和震后形变观测为约束,依据不同时段断层运动空间分布特征分析日本海沟地区强震与断层运动间关系.震间日本海沟地区,断层运动闭锁线深度约为60km,闭锁线以上从深到浅依次为断层运动强闭锁段、无震滑移段和弱闭锁段.由同震位错反演结果,2011年日本9.0级地震同震存在深浅两个滑移极值区,同震较浅的滑移极值区(同震位错量10~50m,深度小于30km)震间为断层弱闭锁段;同震较深的滑移极值区(同震位错量10~20m,深度在40km左右)震间为断层强闭锁段;而在两者之间的过渡带同震位错相对较小,震间断层运动表现为无震滑移.震后初期断层运动主要分布在在闭锁线以上的同震较深滑移极值区,而同震较浅的滑移极值区能量释放比较彻底,断层震后余滑量相对较小.依据本文同震和震间断层运动反演结果,震间强闭锁段积累10m同震位错需要100多年时间,与该区域历史上7级地震活动复发周期相当;震间弱闭锁段积累30~50m同震位错约需要300~600年时间,与相关研究给出的日本海沟9级左右地震复发周期比较一致.在实际孕震能力判定的工作中,由于不同性质的断层段在同震过程中会表现更多的组合形式,断层发震能力判定结果存在更多的不确定性,但利用区域形变观测等资料给出震间断层运动特征的研究工作对于断层强震发震能力的判定具有非常重要的实际意义. 相似文献
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利用于田震中300 km范围内的1个GPS连续站和12个GPS流动站数据,解算得到了2014年新疆于田MS7.3地震地表同震位移,并反演了发震断层滑动分布,探讨此次地震对周边断裂的影响.地表同震位移结果显示,GPS观测到的同震位移范围在平行发震断裂带的北东-南西向约210 km,垂直发震断裂带的北西-南东方向约为120 km,同震位移量大于10 mm的测站位于震中距约120 km以内;同震位移特征整体表现为北东-南西方向的左旋走滑和北西-南东方向的拉张特征,其中在北东-南西方向,I069测站位移最大,约为32.1 mm,在北西-南东方向,XJYT测站位移最大,约为28.1 mm;位错反演结果表明,最大滑动位于北纬36.05°,东经82.60°,位于深部约16.6 km,最大错动量为2.75 m,反演震级为MW7.0,同震错动呈椭圆形分布,以左旋走滑为主并具有正倾滑分量,两者最大比值约为2.5：1,同震错动延伸至地表,并向北东方向延伸,总破裂长度约50 km,地表最大错动约1.0 m;同震水平位移场模拟结果显示贡嘎错断裂、康西瓦断裂和普鲁断裂等不同位置主应变特征具有差异性,这种差异特征是否影响断裂带以及周围区域的应力构造特征,值得关注. 相似文献
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2014年2月12日,在新疆于田县发生了里氏7.3级地震.在该地震震中附近,前人研究证明发育了大量规模不同的活动断层(如康西瓦断裂与贡嘎错断裂等).根据地震触发理论,地震发生后因地壳同震变形会导致其周边不同性质断裂破裂应力发生变化,进而影响其地震的潜在危险性.本文利用地震远场波形记录,反演了该地震滑动模型.之后,根据弹性无限半空间位错理论,计算了该地震在近场范围内活动断裂上的同震应力变化.其目的在于讨论于田地震引起的附近断裂上的库仑应力变化以及这些活动断裂可能潜在的地震危险性.在地震发生后,从国际地震学联合会(IRIS)地震数据中心,下载了震中距离介于30°~90°的地震远场波形记录,为保证台站方位角分布均匀,从中挑选了27个不同方位角的高信噪比地震记录参与理论地震图的生成和波形反演过程.我们采用广义射线理论计算生成远场理论地震波形数据.每个子断层参数的反演则利用基于全局化反演的快速模拟退火反演方法.在有限断层反演过程中,我们采用了强调波形拟合的相关误差函数作为待反演的目标函数,拟合的断层参数使目标函数为最小.之后,根据弹性无限半空间位错理论,以库仑破裂准则为基础,结合反演得到的地震震源机制解和地震位错模型,计算该地震引起的近场断层面上库仑应力的变化.由远场波形计算结果可以看到,于田地震的震源深度为10km,地震断层的倾角约71.9°,破裂面上最大的同震位移达到210cm,以左旋走滑为主并具有正倾滑分量,地震能量主要在前15s内释放.由此得到该地震的地震矩为2.91×1019 N·m,地震震级为Mw6.9.于田地震引发的余震,大致分布在三个区域内:普鲁断裂北部、康西瓦断裂东部和贡嘎错断裂中部.弹性应力计算结果表明,于田地震导致阿尔金断裂西段、普鲁断裂中段、康西瓦断裂东段和贡嘎错断裂中段的静态库仑应力明显增加,其中以康西瓦断裂东段和贡嘎错断裂中段应力增量为最大,分别达到了0.05 MPa和0.04 MPa.大量研究证明,当地震所导致的库仑应力变化大于0.01 MPa时将具有明显的地震触发作用.根据本文结果,2014年于田Mw6.9地震使普鲁断裂、贡嘎错断裂和康西瓦断裂上的库仑应力增量均超过了触发阈值,具有被触发出地震的潜在危险.因此,在以后的地震学研究中,应加强对该三条断裂地震危险性的研究和监测.此外,近6年以来,研究区域发生了3次6级以上的地震.这些地震均沿着贡嘎错断裂,由南西向北东迁移,逐步靠近阿尔金断裂,并且逐渐由正倾滑型地震转变为走滑型地震.阿尔金断裂的走滑速率达到了9mm·a-1,所以,尽管本次地震导致的阿尔金断裂库仑应力增量小于0.01 MPa,阿尔金的地震危险性也应该加强监测. 相似文献
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云南中甸-大具断裂上新发现的地震地表破裂带 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中甸-大具断裂是川滇菱形块体的西南边界,总体走向310°—320°。近年来我们对该断裂进行了1:50000条带状地质填图,发现了断裂活动的地质地貌证据。其中,在丽江大具盆地内（金沙江右岸）沿断裂新发现一处典型地震地表破裂带,长约600m,宽120m左右,主要表现为地表挤压鼓包、挤压垄脊、张裂缝、挤压阶区等,呈NW走向,与中甸-大具断裂走向基本一致。野外工作中,我们详细记录和测量了地表破裂的破裂样式、破裂规模和相关定量数据,利用旋翼无人机测绘了地表破裂带的形态和展布,获得了高精度DEM,分析了地表破裂表现出的运动性质。在已有资料的基础上讨论了地表破裂的形成时代、归属、震级大小,简要分析了其发震断层。新地震地表破裂带的发现为进一步研究中甸-大具断裂活动特征、古地震及地震危险性提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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The 03 February 2002 Çay Earthquake (Mw ～6.7) occurred on the fault segment between Eber and Ak?ehir Lakes followed by a large aftershock (Mw ～5.6) near the western end of the fault and two sequential aftershocks. We computed the coseismic surface displacements from static GPS measurements to determine the fault geometry parameters and uniform slip components. The coseismic displacements were obtained through combining the regional pre-earthquake and post-earthquake GPS data. Fault geometry and slips were acquired through the inversion of GPS data modeling the events as elastic dislocations in a half-space and assuming all four events took place on the same fault plane. Results suggest that one-segment fault of ～33 km length and dipping ～43° northward suffices to model the dislocation, assuming uniform slip distribution with 0.51 m dip slip, 0.26 m left-lateral slip extending to a depth down to ～11.5 km which is consistent with seismological evidence. The results also verify the normal faulting in the eastern flank of Isparta Angle which has long been assumed as a thrusting structure. While the available data cannot identify the four individual events on the same day, an attempted distributed slip model differentiates dip slip and left-lateral slips near the hypocenter with maximum values of ～1 and 0.6 m, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Systematic examination of 'precursor waves' of strong earthquakes by using the wavelet method 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on the borehole strainmeter recordings immediately before the strong earthquakes (<i<M</i<<sub<S</sub<≥?7.5) during the period from 2001 to 2005 observed at the Taian observation station, Shandong Province, the authors make a systematic and objective examination of the precursor waves of the quakes. The effects of Earth tides with periods larger than 128 min are eliminated through high-pass filtering; and atmospheric-pressure inferences are removed by linear regression. The 2?128 min signals are then separated into six frequency bands by employing the wavelet method. Results indicate that the wavelet method is capable of picking out information of weak variations in the signals. According to the characteristics of the 'precursor waves' obtained from wavelet transformation, the method of overrun ratio analysis is put forward for examination. All the detailed components of the wavelets have been analyzed. For the time series of the overrun rate in all these components, statisitical calculation has been made for the slopes of fit curves, and mean values and standard deviations were obtained and positive-negative slope ratios were analyzed. The three statistical data show that 'precursor waves' are not widely recorded by borehole strainmeter within 15 days before remote strong earthquakes. 相似文献
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汶川地震地表破裂在东北端从石坎子乡到窝前的运动性质存着从走滑分量略高于倾滑分量到完全为右旋走滑运动的变化过程,倾滑分量在石坎子—平溪段具有逆断性质,在矿坪子及其以北为正断性质,未见挤压变形,窝前完全为右旋走滑运动,地表变形带宽度集中在10m以内;在董家村,地震地表破裂带主要表现为张性裂缝及地堑式负地形,是地震破裂在尾端应力作用下,应变不均一性调节的产物,地表变形带宽度约10～12m;在东河口以北未见地表破裂的证据,推测汶川地震地表破裂带没有穿过流经青川县东河口、关庄、凉水井一带的清水河,东河口一带的构造地貌现象反映了垂直差异性运动,不存在右旋走滑运动的地质地貌证据。在中央断裂东北端断层一侧隆升和另一侧拉张的典型四象限格局成为汶川地震地表破裂的端部表现特征。中央断裂上的汶川地震地表破裂带总长度为240km左右。在汶川地震过程中,沿着中央断裂在地表产生的构造变形在中央断裂的范围内就已经得到了调整,并没有越过中央断裂的范围而传递到以外的地段。 相似文献