共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
沈阳红菱煤矿地应力测量 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了了解红菱煤矿地应力状态和分布特征, 采用空芯包体应力解除法进行了地应力实测工作, 获得了该矿区3个水平3个测点的三维地应力状态。实测表明:该区地应力以水平构造压应力为主导, 三个测点的最大主应力均为NNE向, 最大主应力在18.32~21.5MPa之间, 最大主应力的大小是随深度的增加而增加的。中间主应力为铅直应力, 在13.1~14.79MPa之间。最小主应力在9.54~13.08MPa之间。测量结果可用于本矿区的生产设计, 并作为煤与瓦斯突出等矿山灾害评价的参考资料。 相似文献
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3.
Natural electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and its application in structural geology and neotectonics 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Reinhard O. Greiling Hennes Obermeyer 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2010,75(1):278-288
Natural electromagnetic radiation (EMR) impulses are emitted from rocks under stress. Electromagnetic emission may start during
crystal deformation prior to and during the nucleation phase of nanocracks. The emission direction is either parallel with
or normal to the crack surfaces. The EMR magnetic component is measured by the sensor or aerial of an instrument, the Cerescope,
at frequencies from 5 to 50 kHz. Measurements at the surface show directions of recent stresses remarkably well. A calibration
of EMR intensity in terms of stress magnitude is possible in tunnels, where the overburden pressure can be calculated. Two
examples from the Upper Rhine Graben and NW India show EMR line measurements. In both cases, stress concentrations at fault
or bedding surfaces can be detected. These surfaces can be regarded as tectonically active. Two further examples of EMR determinations
in tunnels give more detailed information on the regional stress field. The example from the Swiss Jura fold-and-thrust belt
shows directional results, with different directions beneath and above the regional detachment horizon at the base of the
belt. The example from central Scandinavia shows a late Caledonian shear zone as a boundary between two recent stress domains,
and gives absolute values of stress. 相似文献
4.
受静载荷的岩石在周期载荷作用下破坏的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究受静载荷的岩石在周期载荷作用下破坏及变形发展规律,在Instron电液伺服材料试验机上进行了红砂岩的单轴动静组合加载试验。采用自制的一维水平静压加载装置,配合Instron电液伺服材料试验机进行了红砂岩的二维动静组合加载试验。试验表明,受静载荷的红砂岩在周期载荷作用下的破坏形态因所受静载荷的状态不同而不同,在周期载荷作用下的应力-应变曲线表现为滞回圈先疏后密再疏,直至破坏;相同条件的受静载荷的红砂岩受不同周期载荷作用时,尽管其应力-应变曲线表现为不同的滞回圈数和不同的全应变,但仍与岩石在周期荷载作用下疲劳破坏的极限变形规律一致,并且破坏岩石所消耗的有效全应变能有向相同值发展的趋势。 相似文献
5.
针对深部工程岩体开挖时围岩内部应力状态复杂变化的特点,研制了可实现主应力量值变化和应力主轴旋转等复杂应力路径的岩石空心圆柱扭剪试验系统,可用于开展复杂应力作用下岩石的强度、变形和破坏形态的室内试验研究。介绍了该试验系统的基本结构、工作原理及技术参数。该试验系统具有如下特点：（1）通过利用空心圆柱试样与上、下压头的特点,克服了岩石试样扭矩施加的技术困难,将施加轴向力和扭矩的两个加载轴合二为一,彻底解决了轴向力加载与扭矩施加机构之间相互影响的技术难题。（2）通过采用新型自平衡加载三轴室,实现了轴向力、扭矩、内围压和外围压4种荷载的独立施加和控制。（3）采用应力与流量的加载控制方式,并通过软件集成,实现了主应力量值改变和应力主轴旋转耦合应力路径的准确模拟以及加载过程的稳定控制。（4）该试验系统结构简单,功能多样,操作方便。采用该试验系统进行了初步试验,验证了试验系统的可行性与实用性,表明该试验系统具有实现应力主轴旋转及主应力量值改变的复杂应力路径的功能。 相似文献
6.
宽频带、大功率、短余振声波震源是高分辨率探测大尺度复杂结构体的关键技术,为了解决探测距离与其分辨率的矛盾问题,采用超磁致伸缩材料制作的声波发射器作为震源,研制了一种新的声波探测仪器。该震源中心频率为5 kHz,激励电压300~600 V,具有辐射声功率大、余振短（3.5个周期）、频带宽（1~3 kHz）的特性;其最大的优点是每次激发的声波信号一致性好,可以采用单点多次激发,通过多次叠加的数据处理技术提高信噪比,较好地解决了声波探测距离与分辨率的矛盾,并成功地应用于煤矿采场顶煤厚度探测。现场探测结果表明:大功率声波探测系统能够有效提取4~7 m煤岩交界面的反射波信号,借助于小波多分辨分析信号处理方法,有效地提高了采场顶煤厚度探测的精度及其可靠性,为顶煤厚度精确探测提供了一条有效途径。 相似文献
7.
Antoni Kidybiński 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1986,4(2):91-109
Summary Conditions under which dynamic loads occur in mines are briefly described and the special vulnerability of roadways in coal mines to fail under dynamic load is considered. A method for assessment of shock load energy anticipated is proposed, based on the volume of rock and the velocity of rock particles induced by rapid rock failure and/or seismic tremors. Case examples from Upper Silesian coal mines are given and the safety factor of steel supports against the shock energy from rockbursts is discussed. The shock energy damping ability of various parts of steel supports and support systems is calculated as a basis for rational support design. Results of six mine experiments where various types of roadway support were installed and then loaded dynamically by blasting within surrounding rocks are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Summary New experiments were conducted to expand the existing information on AE and pulse velocity changes. In this study, a few Hyderabad granites were subjected to uniaxial compressive cyclic loading conditions at room temperature. The laboratory tests were carried out by loading the rock to a constant stress maximum ranging between 40% and 80% of failure stress in the initial cycles, and then by progressively increasing the stress maximum, and also increasing the time gap between the cycles. Compressional wave velocity and amplitude changes were monitored in directions perpendicular to the applied stress, and acoustic emission event count data were recorded continuously until the fatigue failure of the rock.Rock specimens loaded cyclically to high stress levels, were in general found to fail after 10 to 12 cycles, at stresses corresponding to nearly 75% of the failure stress of intact rock. Deviations from the Kaiser effect were noticed when the stress maximum became comparable to the dilatant strength of the rock. The pulse amplitude and AE event counts were found to be sensitive parameters, to study the influence of cyclic stress, as well as the effect of the time gap between the cycles, on the microcrack development and progressive failure of rock. 相似文献
9.
An Integrated Study of the Dynamics of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Regimes During Failure of Complex Macrosystems Using Rock Blocks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kamel Baddari Anatoly D. Frolov Victor Tourtchine Fayçal Rahmoune 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(3):269-280
The development of the failure process in complex macrosystems using large rock samples subjected to biaxial compression has
been studied by means of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and acoustic emission (AE). In order to increase the stage of macrofailure
development, a special procedure of rock loading was used to reveal regularities of nucleation and evolution of electromagnetic
and acoustic structures. The synchronised measurements of EMR and AE allowed the control of the stress–strain state in the
rocks and the structural developments of fracturing. Non-homogeneous distribution of the rock spatial crystalline structure
subject to load leads to a mosaic distribution of EMR and AE characteristics. As a result, the crack scale effect may be observed
in the EMR and AE structure behaviours. The EMR and AE following the failure at different levels behave differently according
to the difference in the scale and type of cracks. Intense high-frequency EMR pulses were recorded during the initial stage
of microcrack generation occurring prior to major failure of material. This was not the case for AE. The nucleation and development
of the macroscopic progressive failure evolution caused an alternation in energetic and frequencial properties of electromagnetic
and acoustic events. It has been detected that the tensile cracks were more efficient than shear cracks in capacity of EMR
generation. The analysis of self potentials allowed reaching the maximum of registered anomalous variations in the stage of
microcracking interaction. This stage showed an increase in the EMR activity, which implies the nucleation of microcracks
in various regions of rock interfaces. The gradual accumulation of these defects led to weakening some parts of the rock along
with a disintegration of electric anomalies, increase of AE and a significant fluctuation in the rate of EMR. When crack concentration
attains its critical value, which results in the formation of dangerous macroscopic failure of higher level, AE shows an intense
activity as well as an EMR lower frequency. The hierarchical development of rock failure using the ratio of the average crack
size and the mean distance between cracks as a statistical concentration criterion is used to control the boundary of the
transition from small dispersed cracks accumulation to gradual crack merger and the formation of the main macrofailure. These
results could be transferred into larger scale levels to forecast dynamic events in the earth crust. 相似文献
10.
随着深部岩体工程的发展,开挖卸荷导致的应力主轴旋转问题引起了广泛关注。首先,分析总结了岩体工程中存在的应力主轴旋转问题及其对岩体工程稳定性的影响;其次,介绍了土体空心圆柱扭剪仪的发展现状及其特点,从荷载的施加方式、试样尺寸两个方面指出了研制岩石空心圆柱扭剪仪的关键问题,并与土体空心圆柱扭剪仪进行了对比,提出了新的扭矩施加技术和合理的岩石空心圆柱试样尺寸;最后,总结概括了考虑应力主轴旋转的土体本构模型的研究成果,并对考虑应力主轴旋转的岩石本构关系的研究进行了展望。该工作将对岩石空心圆柱扭剪仪的研制和相关理论的研究提供一定的参考和指导。 相似文献
11.
通过测定不同地点的6种不同变质程度的构造煤在常温常压下的阻抗振幅,得到不同类型构造煤振幅谱各自不同的特点,在所测100 Hz~100 kHz频率范围内,各类构造煤Z-f (阻抗振幅-频率)呈一条单调递减曲线。在交变电场下烟煤的导电性较无烟煤及其他岩石差。在所测频段内,无烟煤Z值明显低于烟煤,且差值随着f增大逐渐减小。通过对构造煤Z-M (阻抗振幅-水分)的拟合,得到相关公式;再利用所得构造煤阻抗振幅验证其公式可靠性,找出优势频段。初步分析了煤岩的幅频特性,为试图利用煤岩电性频率域响应特征差异来反映不同变质程度构造煤及与其他岩矿石的导电机理及结构模型,进而为用电法勘探物质组成与结构提供理论与实验基础。 相似文献
12.
瞬时应变型岩爆模拟试验中花岗岩主频特征演化规律分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用深部岩爆模拟试验系统对花岗岩进行室内瞬时岩爆模拟试验,同时利用声发射系统采集试验过程中声发射信号,得到试验全过程应力和声发射波形信息时域图。结合声发射累计能量曲线特征,找到5个关键拐点,即花岗岩初始加载能量激增后产生的第一个拐点A、岩爆发生前两次明显的上升台阶处拐点B和C、岩爆发生时的能量突跃点D、最终峰值点E。将关键点处波形信号从全时域波形中提取出来并进行快速傅里叶变换,得到各关键点二维功率谱图,结果表明：花岗岩声发射主频值在加载初期时为106 kHz,随着荷载的增加,频率由低频向高频过渡,频带变宽且由单峰向多峰转化,频率成分复杂预示多种破裂模式的发生。岩爆前和最终岩爆时刻频带又变窄并恢复单峰,主频值降低至与初始加载时一致,约为106 kHz,预示着岩爆时刻花岗岩岩石高能量的释放。 相似文献
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14.
The paper presents the results of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) measurements in the Feuerberg tunnel in southwest Germany. EMR is associated with small scale fracturing processes. The measured numbers of EMR impulses are shown to be proportional to shear stresses. From the correlation of EMR and shear stresses along the long axis of the tunnel, orientations and magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses are determined. The major horizontal principal stress is 3.6±0.3 MPa and has an azimuth of 143±6°. The minor principal horizontal stress is 2.1±0.3 MPa. Zones in the tunnel are located where low shear stresses occur because vertical overburden and horizontal stresses are equal. In these zones also minimum radiation was detected. A possible stress accumulation close to a fault is suggested by higher EMR values in a part of the tunnel. Orientations and magnitudes of the horizontal principal stresses, which are derived from the measurements of EMR, correlate well with conventional stress measurements. It is suggested that the cross-section measuring method described in the study is used to determine regional stress fields as well as to investigate endangered zones with high stresses in underground facilities, which may be critical with regard to stability. 相似文献
15.
The Sulu-Dabie high-pressure (HP)-ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt as the product of subduction-collision between the northern China plate and Yangtze plate underwent a process of formation and evolution from deep subduction→exhumation→extension→slow uplift. The study of its modern tectonic stress field has great significance for a complete understanding of the process of formation and evolution of the HP-UHP metamorphic belt, especially the exhumation and uplift of the belt. Wellbore breakouts are the most visual tectonic phenomenon which can characterize the modern stress action in the main borehole of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD). Ultrasonic borehole televiewer reflection wave data show that wellbore breakouts began to occur at 1216 m depth of the main borehole. A total of 143 borehole televiewer images were collected from 1216 to 5118 m depth (hole completion depth). After data processing and statistics, the average azimuth of the long dimension of the wellbore breakout obtained was 319.5° ± 3.5°, indicating that the average azimuth of the maximum horizontal principal stress causing wellbore breakout initiation was 49.5° ± 3.5°. The maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress values at 52 depths in the interval of 1269 to 5047 m were estimated using the elements of wellbore shapes (wellbore depth and width), combined with the cohesive strength and internal frictional angle of the rock obtained by rock mechanical tests on samples, and the static load stresses at corresponding depths were calculated according to the rock density logging data. The results indicate that: the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses are 41.4 and 25.3 MPa at 1269 m depth respectively and 164.7 and 122 MPa at 5047 m depth respectively; the maximum vertical stress is 141.3 MPa at 5047 m depth with a density of 2.8 g/cm3; the in-situ stresses increase nearly linearly with depth. The magnitudes and directions of the three principal stresses reflect that the regional stress field around the CCSD main borehole is mainly in a strike-slip state, which is consistent with the basic features of the regional stress field determined using other methods. 相似文献
16.
高地应力破碎软岩巷道底臌特性及综合控制对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高地应力破碎软岩巷道底臌问题,由于其地质条件的复杂性,是煤矿开采的技术难题之一。通过总结分析高地应力破碎软岩巷道底臌的变形破坏特性,研究了底臌治理对策。研究结果表明,底板围岩呈现出挤压剪切流变特性,在支护对策上应将支护体系视为完整体系,在加强修复固结、应力转移和扩大承载圈的同时强调调动帮、顶部的间接控制作用。提出了以底板超挖、高强度预应力锚索、深孔注浆、底脚、拱角锚杆和回填为技术支撑的综合治理对策,通过FLAC3D建立的三维数值分析模型,分析了在综合治理对策下围岩位移场及塑性区的变化,验证了该方法的有效性。将综合治理对策应用到淮南潘二煤矿东二采区主要大巷,取得了良好的支护效果。 相似文献
17.
悬索桥隧道式锚碇的设计理念为锚碇夹持岩体协同承载,因而承载能力远超同体积的重力式锚碇。但因目前对围岩协同作用认识尚不充分,在当前隧道式锚碇设计中仍保守地忽略锚碇和岩体间的挤压效应。为弄清锚碇?岩体协同承载的机制,揭示隧道锚承载能力提高的本质,通过分析隧道式锚碇建设至成桥全过程受力,建立隧道锚的简化力学模型,并引用Mindlin应力解分析了荷载沿锚碇轴向的传递规律以及荷载产生的作用于锚碇?岩体间的挤压应力分布,最终给出了隧道式锚碇极限承载力的简化估算方法,并通过伍家岗大桥隧道锚工程实例分析了结果的合理性。所得结论主要有：锚碇?岩体界面力主要由锚碇自重和锚碇?岩体相互挤压产生;锚碇?岩体界面附加应力自后锚面向前锚面呈先增后减的变化趋势,在距后锚面约1/3L处达到应力峰值;以容许抗剪强度为破坏判据解得的伍家岗长江大桥隧道式锚碇的极限承载力为3 504 MN,约为16倍的设计荷载,与室内试验值基本吻合。 相似文献
18.
通过对含水砂岩进行单轴加载声发射试验,获取声发射信号。对整个加载过程声发射信号进行FFT变换,发现随着加载地进行,声发射信号的峰值频率由60 kHz下降到40 kHz,平均主频比自然状态下的砂岩平均主频降低了1 kHz;通过分析能量和岩石声发射事件数之间的关系,发现能量与对应声发射事件数之间的比值越大,说明能量是由较大的破裂导致的,而能量值与对应声发射事件数之间的比值越小（数量级在104以下）,说明能量是由多个小破裂同时产生积聚而成的;用Welch法做功率谱估计,发现得到的声发射信号其功率谱大致分为A、B两种,B类功率谱对应信号的相位突变性强。选取一些较大能量信号,计算这些信号出现之前的B类型功率谱出现的几率,发现越接近破裂出现B类型功率谱的几率越大。研究结果为分析岩石破裂全过程的声发射特性提供了一条新的思路,也为声发射应用于岩石破裂失稳预报奠定了一定的工作基础。 相似文献
19.
潞安矿区井下地应力测量及分布规律研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
在山西潞安矿区的13个煤矿采用小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,完成了60个测点的原岩应力测量工作。实测数据表明：潞安矿区55%的测点最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力,由于受埋藏深度与地质构造影响,矿区内各矿地应力值差别较大,但地应力大小总体上属于中等地应力值;潞安矿区最大水平主应力方向从南到北变化较大,构造应力场呈现出多变的形态。在实测数据的基础上,绘制了潞安矿区地应力分布图;分析了地应力随埋藏深度的变化规律、平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值与埋藏深度的关系。煤矿井下地应力测量为井田开拓、巷道布置与支护设计等工程实践提供了可靠的基础参数,提高了工程设计的科学性、合理性与可靠性。 相似文献
20.
三轴试验抗剪强度参数值回归分析法的区别与修正 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对岩土三轴试验数据采用两种线性回归法计算所得的抗剪强度参数c、φ值会有差别。为了揭示这两种回归方法差别的根本原因,深入最小二乘法线性回归的基本原理指出,按大小主应力回归的结果是最佳估值,而按p-q曲线回归的计算结果不可靠,为了得到统一的结果,对后者所基于的最小二乘法进行了修正;推导了修正后的回归系数计算公式,证明了修正后两种方法得到的结果相同,并用一组千枚岩三轴试验数据进行了验证。结果表明,修正后用这两种方法确定三轴试验抗剪强度参数值都将得到同样的最佳无偏估值。 相似文献