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随着深度学习方法在计算机视觉领域的崛起,如何将其应用于具有全天时、全天候等优点的SAR图像也成为一大研究重点.相较于传统图像,SAR图像由于其难判读、应用人群较少等原因难以获得大量标注数据.本文提出一种基于场景合成和锚点约束的SAR图标检测方法.通过区域生长算法和阈值法对SAR车辆目标及其阴影进行分割,然后随机嵌入SAR复杂场景中的合理区域来合成目标检测数据集.针对SAR车辆目标的几何特性、图像分辨率参数,对Faster-RCNN中的锚点大小进行约束,减少不符合SAR车辆目标检测框尺寸的候选框,大量约简冗余计算,提升训练、测试效率及精度. 相似文献
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纸质记录曲线的识别和数字化是图像处理和模式识别领域的一项重要内容, 是对气象档案馆保存的气象纸质曲线资料数字化的有效方法。该文研究并构建了电接风向风速自记纸数字化处理系统, 该系统主要包括4个处理阶段:自记纸图像的输入、图像预处理、自记曲线的分割、曲线的跟踪和识别。其中, 自记纸图像的输入应用TWAIN (Toolkit Without An Interesting Name, 无注名工具包协议) 标准来设计, 对记录曲线的跟踪识别, 该文提出的基于灰度积分投影的分段线性插值算法, 取得了很好的识别效果。 相似文献
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The Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Baltic Sea Ice 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A new parametrization for the surface energy balance of urban areas is presented. It is shown that this new method can represent some of the important urban phenomena, such as an urban heat island and the occurrence of a near-neutral nocturnal boundary layer with associated positive turbulent heat fluxes, unlike the traditional method for representing urban areas within operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The basis of the new parametrization is simple and can be applied easily within an operational NWP model. Also, it has no additional computational expense compared to the traditional scheme and is hence applicable for operational forecasting requirements. The results show that the errors for London within the Met Office operational mesoscale model have been significantly reduced since the new scheme was introduced. The bias and root-mean-square (rms) errors have been approximately halved, with the rms error now similar to the model as a whole. The results also show that a seasonal cycle still exists in the model errors, but it is suggested that this may be caused by anthropogenic heat sources that are neglected in the urban scheme.The British Crowns right to retain a non-exclusive royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
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MM5模式中城市冠层参数化方案的设计及其数值试验 总被引：15，自引：5，他引：15
文中在综合国外一些较先进的中尺度模式城市作用参数化方案的基础上 ,从城市下垫面结构对城市边界层大气作用的物理机制及实际应用两方面出发 ,对城市下垫面结构和人为活动等因素对边界层结构的影响及中尺度模式中城市化作用的合理体现等问题进行了较全面的考虑 ,改进和设计出能够较全面、细致地描述城市结构对大气边界层动力、热力结构的影响 ,且适合中尺度模式结构特点的城市冠层参数化方案 (UCP) ,并实现了其与MM5模式的耦合。进行了耦合后的UCP方案及采用原城市作用方案的MM5模式对BECAPEX试验期间北京地区气象条件多重嵌套细尺度进行了模拟试验 ,并与观测结果对比 ,结果表明 :相比于MM 5模式中原有表示城市作用的参数化方案来讲 ,设计的UCP方案在很大程度上提高了MM 5模式对城市边界层热力和动力结构的模拟能力。 相似文献
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城市冠层过程的研究与进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
介绍了城市冠层过程研究的概况和历史,概括了城市冠层的特征及其作用于局地气候和中尺度系统的主要方式,总结了城市冠层参数化方案或模式的研究进展.比较了几种参数化方法和模式的特点,提出目前存在的一些问题.认为：现有的参数化方案和模式尚未能完整体现城市下垫面特征、准确反映人类活动影响,二者的发展有赖于对城市下垫面建筑特征更合理、细致地描述,对人为热量、水汽影响更准确的估计与刻划.与局地因素密切相关的城市冠层模式还需要更多地在模式中引入局地差异影响.同时指出,要提高耦合城市过程的中尺度模式预报水平,需要相应改进包括云、降水、次网格地形及边界层动力学等的参数化. 相似文献
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根据《全国天气雷达终端更新》和《全国天气雷达定标》项目的技术规定,研制了一套完整的雷达业务数据处理系统,实现了全国布网天气雷达数据格式统一、产品生成、产品分发和图像回显的全自动化业务,提高了我国天气雷达网的业务质量、以及数据处理和产品应用水平,收效显著。在研发过程中,充分考虑了业务条件、实际要求和探测技术的发展,系统功能丰富,算法先进,接口开放,设计精美,投入业务两年来系统运行稳定。该系统放弃了传统对话框和工具栏的设计方式,创新设计了操作面板控制。文中的研发思路,设计方法,系统特点对我国业务软件的研制具有很好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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Loyde V. Abreu-Harbich Lucila C. Labaki Andreas Matzarakis 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,115(1-2):333-340
Among several urban design parameters, the height-to-width ratio (H/W) and orientation are important parameters strongly affecting thermal conditions in cities. This paper quantifies changes in thermal comfort due to typical urban canyon configurations in Campinas, Brazil, and presents urban guidelines concerning H/W ratios and green spaces to adapt urban climate change. The study focuses on thermal comfort issues of humans in urban areas and performs evaluation in terms of physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), based on long-term data. Meteorological data of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation over a 7-year period (2003–2010) were used. A 3D street canyon model was designed with RayMan Pro software to simulate the influence of urban configuration on urban thermal climate. The following configurations and setups were used. The model canyon was 500 m in length, with widths 9, 21, and 44 m. Its height varied in steps of 2.5 m, from 5 to 40 m. The canyon could be rotated in steps of 15°. The results show that urban design parameters such as width, height, and orientation modify thermal conditions within street canyons. A northeast–southwest orientation can reduce PET during daytime more than other scenarios. Forestry management and green areas are recommended to promote shade on pedestrian areas and on façades, and to improve bioclimate thermal stress, in particular for H/W ratio less than 0.5. The method and results can be applied by architects and urban planners interested in developing responsive guidelines for urban climate issues. 相似文献
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提出基于数字图像处理技术中的数学形态学的阵风锋自动识别算法。该算法首先基于阵风锋的反射率因子窄带形态、速度辐合和快速移动特征,计算相邻时次体扫反射率因子差、速度切变和速度梯度这3个参量场,综合这3个参量场,得到一个二维特征量;然后采用数学形态学算法对这个二维特征量进行二值化、膨胀、腐蚀、细化、剪枝及线段联通等处理,得到一条反映阵风锋骨架特征的曲线。利用武汉雷达观测的2个阵风锋过程的共53个体扫数据进行阵风锋识别算法检验,结果表明:该算法正确识别阵风锋39个,错误识别3个,漏识别11个;识别曲线与阵风锋位置和走向较为一致。 相似文献
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传统BP神经网络算法虽然具有良好的学习能力和容错能力,但是收敛速度慢,易陷入局部极小点等缺点制约了它的进一步发展和应用.针对这些不足,采用自适应学习率结合附加动量因子的方法可以有效缩短训练时间,加快收敛速度,同时抑制寻优算法陷入局部极小点.将该算法应用于图像字符识别系统中,通过一系列实验优化系统参数之后给出系统识别结果,表明该系统识别具有较高的准确性和鲁棒性. 相似文献
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Martin Piringer Sylvain Joffre Alexander Baklanov Andreas Christen Marco Deserti Koen De Ridder Stefan Emeis Patrice Mestayer Maria Tombrou Douglas Middleton Kathrin Baumann-Stanzer Aggeliki Dandou Ari Karppinen Jerzy Burzynski 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,124(1):3-24
The specific problems of determining and simulating the surface energy balance (SEB) and the mixing height (MH) over urban
areas are examined. The SEB and MH are critical components of algorithms and numerical models for the urban boundary layer,
though the constituent parts of the SEB and the MH are not routinely measured by national weather services. Parameterisations
are thus needed in applications. In this investigation, several recently developed algorithms and models for estimating the
SEB and MH were applied to new datasets and assessed. Results are discussed in terms of the need for spatial resolution and
the parameters needed to describe the urban atmosphere. Limitations of models are identified and recommendations for further
development and observations are given. Having identified gaps in knowledge, key findings from new urban experiments and numerical
modelling for the SEB and MH are given. The diurnal cycle for the SEB is significantly different from rural conditions—urban
heat storage is needed in urban parameterisations. The urban MH is increased over the rural MH, as shown by several numerical
schemes and careful sodar analyses. This work has been carried out within the COST-715 Action “Meteorology applied to urban
air pollution problems (1998–2004). COST 715 reached a consensus proposing representatively sited measurements of meteorological
parameters and turbulent fluxes above roof-tops, and recognised that such data are needed to improve numerical models of the
urban surface processes. 相似文献
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Summary Data from two automatic stations in Łódź (one urban and one rural) for the period 1997–2002 are analyzed to reveal urban–rural
contrasts of such parameters as air temperature, relative humidity, water vapour pressure and wind speed. Under favourable
weather conditions the highest temperature differences between the urban and rural station exceeds 8 °C. Relative humidity
is lower in the town, sometimes by more than 40%. Water vapour pressure differences can be either positive (up to 5 hPa) or
negative (up to −4 hPa). Wind speed at the urban station is on average lower by about 34% in night and 39% during daytime.
Regression analysis shows that for rural winds lower than 1.13 m s−1 urban winds can be stronger than rural speeds. Attention has also been paid to singularities in the course of the analyzed
parameters over 24 hour periods. It is shown that the typical course of the urban heat island intensity under favourable conditions
is similar in all season. Four stages of this course have been distinguished. Wind speed differences also seem to change in
a typical way. Case studies show that humidity contrasts, unlike temperature, can evolve in different ways under fine weather
conditions. Types of relative humidity evolution are proposed. 相似文献
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图像分割是计算机视觉中基础且重要的一个问题.熵阈值图像分割作为一种有效的分割方法,被广泛应用于模式识别和图像处理中.传统的图像分割方法并不能获得足够有效的图像特征.为解决这个问题且进一步探究熵阈值在图像分割中的应用,引入一种GLLE（Gray Level and Local Entropy）二维直方图改进熵阈值图像分割模型,并提出了基于模糊熵的方法计算所建立的二维直方图模型.通过标准实验数据集上的对比实验表明,基于模糊熵的GLLE熵阈值分割方法可以得到更加准确的阈值,提高了分割精度.同时在处理不同类型图像的表现上优于往常的算法,具有更强的鲁棒性. 相似文献
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结合夜间灯光数据、高程数据及地表分类数据,提出一种针对山地城市郊区背景划分的方法,并采用城乡二分法定量评估2001—2020年重庆市主城都市区热岛效应时空变化特征。结果显示传统缓冲区法和综合缓冲区法提取的郊区背景存在明显差异。利用传统缓冲区法提取郊区背景估算的热岛存在大量假热岛像元,导致传统缓冲区法估算的热岛面积明显大于综合缓冲区法。综合缓冲区法估算结果表明:主城都市区热岛主要分布在中心城区、长寿区、涪陵区以及各区县驻地附近,冷岛分布在东南部高海拔地区及中心城区部分山脉处。2001—2020年主城都市区热岛面积占比随时间呈波动上升趋势,且具有明显的季节变化特征,夏季最强、冬季最弱。 相似文献
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Based on some advanced urban parameterization schemes for mesoscale model,a new urban canopy parameterization (UCP) for MM5 is developed.The UCP takes into account the impacts of urban infrastructure and anthropogenic activity on the dynamic,thermal structures of urban surface layer and the urban surface energy budget in a more rational way according to conformation of MMS.The UCP is implemented in MM5 and validated by IOP data in 2001 winter BECAPEX and automatic meteorological station data in Beijing area.The results illustrate that UCP versus traditional urban parameterization in MM5,it can make MM5 reproduce main characteristics of winter UBL in Beijing,which include urban heat island and its diurnal evolvement,nocturnal elavated inversion in downtown area,and some dynamic stuctures such as TKE peak at the top of urban canopy,lower wind speed in urban surface layer and so on. 相似文献
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北京地区大气气溶胶光学特性监测研究 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
该文依据气溶胶光学厚度测量原理,利用CE318太阳光度计,于2000年7月～2001年7月期间对北京地区大气气溶胶光学厚度进行观测试验,计算得到约50天的气溶胶光学厚度和Junge参数等大气光学特性数据,给出了北京地区气溶胶光学特性分布特征.计算统计得到北京城区晴空条件下的Junge参数为3
15、2001年3月份沙尘天气状况下急剧下降为2.28,而北京郊区顺义县的测量结果介于二者之间为2.65.分析表明,由试验获得的气溶胶光学特性数据对于分析和监测北京地区大气污染、改善北京地区空气质量具有一定的意义. 相似文献
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该文介绍了地面雨滴谱观测方法的研究, 通过增大取样面积、增加辅助观测手段, 改进了传统的滤纸取样法, 设计出图像自动识别软件应用到雨滴谱资料的处理中, 这种方法不仅可以增加观测的样本数, 以获得稳定的雨滴谱资料, 而且有利于资料的相互配合与分析。对其图像的位置变化、形状改变、滴谱重叠等情况进行验证以及对计算结果进行误差分析, 雨滴谱资料中的单个滴谱图像位置变化和形状变化对图像识别后的结果没有影响, 自动图像处理程序运行结果稳定可靠。程序在处理不粘连的滴谱资料时敏感性较好, 对于大滴溅散而形成的很多溅散滴时, 会处理成很多单独的小雨滴, 同时也说明无法解决溅散问题。在雨滴重叠问题上该程序智能程度不高, 不能真正鉴别是否存在重叠现象, 无法将重叠的雨滴分离开来, 往往会将重叠在一起的雨滴视为一个滴, 从而带来观测雨滴数量减少的现象。从雨滴谱资料处理误差分析上看, 斑迹直径在3~18 mm时相对误差小于6%, 对于直径小于4 mm雨滴误差完全控制在6%以内, 且在处理小滴时误差更小。该方法在地面雨滴谱观测及资料处理中准确度高、性能稳定、实用性强, 为雨滴谱资料的处理分析提供了一个新的思路, 可以应用到实际工作中。 相似文献
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Many techniques were developed for creating true color images from satellite solar reflective bands, and the so-derived images have been widely used for environmental monitoring. For the newly launched Fengyun-3 D(FY-3 D)satellite, the same capability is required for its Medium Resolution Spectrum Imager-II(MERSI-II). In processing the MERSI-II true color image, a more comprehensive processing technique is developed, including the atmospheric correction, nonlinear enhancement, and image splicing. The effect of atmospheric molecular scattering on the total reflectance is corrected by using a parameterized radiative transfer model. A nonlinear stretching of the solar band reflectance is applied for increasing the image contrast. The discontinuity in composing images from multiple orbits and different granules is eliminated through the distance weighted pixel blending(DWPB) method. Through these processing steps, the MERSI-II true color imagery can vividly detect many natural events such as sand and dust storms, snow, algal bloom, fire, and typhoon. Through a comprehensive analysis of the true color imagery, the specific natural disaster events and their magnitudes can be quantified much easily, compared to using the individual channel data. 相似文献