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1.
Nowadays, increased attention is being paid to the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth. This paper attempts to examine the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth for China’s Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration, using annual data covering the period 1982- 2008. In this study, unit root tests, the Johansen co-integration test, and the Granger causality test are applied. The empirical results indicate that the two series (electricity consumption and economic growth) of the three locales (Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei) are non-stationary. But first differences of the two series are stationary. The results of the Johansen co-integration test indicate that electricity consumption and economic growth are co-integrated in Hebei and Tianjin while this is not the case in Beijing. The Granger causality test implies that there is causality running from electricity consumption to economic growth in all of the three locales. Causality running from economic growth to electricity consumption is found in Hebei and Beijing while this is not the case in Tianjin. This means that an increase in electricity consumption directly affects economic growth and that economic growth also stimulates further electricity consumption in Hebei and Beijing. But in Tianjin, an increase in electricity consumption directly affects economic growth while economic growth cannot affect electricity consumption. These findings can provide useful information for local governments of the three locales to formulate sustainable energy and economic policies. The study is of great significance for circular economy and building a resource-conserving society. 相似文献
2.
精明增长提倡在生态优先基础上,依据实际条件合理规划和调整经济发展的结构和规模,实现城乡经济社会环境综合效益最大化。当前,精明增长主要应用于城市发展实践中,伴随着乡村发展问题凸显和乡村重要性重新被发现,许多地区也开始尝试将精明增长运用到乡村转型与可持续发展中。论文在回顾国内外精明增长理论与实践研究的基础上,对精明增长的内涵和原则进行梳理总结,系统分析了乡村精明增长的内容框架和实施路径等方面的研究和实践进展,结合中国乡村振兴战略实施的现实需要,提出未来乡村精明增长研究需要关注的几个科学问题,以期为地理学相关研究提供参考,为科学实施乡村振兴战略提供借鉴。 相似文献
3.
Reserve growth refers to the typical increases in estimated sizes of fields that occur through time as oil and gas fields
are developed and produced. Projections of the future reserve growth of known fields have become important components of hydrocarbon
resource assessments. In this paper, we present an algorithm for estimating the future reserve growth of known fields. The
algorithm, which incorporates fundamental reserve-growth assumptions used by others in the past, is programmed for a personal
computer in the form of formulas for a spreadsheet. The primary advantages of this spreadsheet program lie in its simplicity
and ease of use. We also present a library of 17 different growth functions that provides numerical models for predicting
the future sizes of existing oil and gas fields in various regions of the United States. These growth functions are formatted
for use in the spreadsheet program. 相似文献
4.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(5):285-293
Abstract The major contention of this paper is that inter-urban interaction is a definite factor in the growth of metropolitan areas, A brief review of current models of metropolitan growth will reveal that most of them work under the assumption of growth in isolation, neglecting the interaction factor. It is proposed in this paper that the concept of urban corridors reflects this interaction, and can be applied to the study of urban growth. The development of this concept is reviewed and then applied to a particular study area to test its relationship to patterns of expansion. Geography teachers must concern themselves with such problems as explanation and interpretation of urban growth patterns in order to prepare present and future citizens for life in this urban age. 相似文献
5.
1992- 2005 年中国旅游业全要素生产率及省际差异 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
全要素生产率是评价一个国家或地区经济增长质量和技术进步的基本指标。本文采用生产函数法对1992-2005年中国旅游业全要素生产率(TTFP)以及旅游经济增长方式进行研究,分析TTFP变化与旅游增长之间的关系,探讨各省旅游增长方式的演化过程与变化趋势,得出了以下结论:①中国旅游业属于典型的(劳动)要素驱动型增长方式,劳动力要素投入对中国旅游经济增长的贡献为63.69%;②旅游业年均技术进步速度(TTFP)为2.91%,技术进步速度缓慢的原因主要在于投资效率低下和基础设施投资不足;③旅游业技术进步是旅游业增长的充分条件而非必要条件,旅游吸引物在空间上的"不可移动性"和不发达地区的"飞地旅游"性质决定了旅游业的技术扩散方式从根本上有别于传统产业,它既不受制于区域经济发展水平,与区域地理位置也不具有对应性;④中国各省旅游业增长方式与发展水平已经出现了明显的分化,并且差异正在逐年扩大,技术进步速度(TTFP)差异是导致各省旅游发展水平分化的原因,如果各省TTFP差异继续扩大,可能会进一步加大各省旅游业发展水平的差距,加强旅游业公共服务领域的建设对于推动中国旅游业技术进步和增长质量提高具有决定性作用。 相似文献
6.
阿尔泰山中东部西伯利亚落叶松生长量及其对气候变化的响应研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用阿尔泰山中东部两个样点(AYS、SYK)的西伯利亚落叶松(Larix sibirica)树轮资料,采用新疆西伯利亚落叶松一元材积式获得1969-2011年材积生长量序列。利用相关分析和回归分析等方法对生长量数据和气象资料进行分析,研究气温要素与生长量的关系及树木生长对气温和降水变化的响应。结果表明:近50 a来,西伯利亚落叶松材积生长量表现出显著增加趋势,且与生长季气温有较好的相关性;与当年6月降水量呈负相关趋势,8月降水量呈正相关趋势;生长季平均气温在19~20.9℃时,西伯利亚落叶松生长量最大;SYK样点西伯利亚落叶松生长对气温变化的敏感性高,气温每升高1℃生长量增加0.936 mm3·棵-1;AYS样点西伯利亚落叶松生长对气温变化的敏感性较低,气温每升高1℃生长量增加0.661 mm3·棵-1。 相似文献
7.
基于误差反馈控制的变系数城市扩张模型构建及应用 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过模拟结果与实际情况的误差分析,将研究区划分为4种像元类型,包括漏算误差像元（Omission Error, OE）、超算误差像元（Commission Error, CE）、正确模拟的城市像元（Urban Correct, UC）及正确模拟的非城市像元（Non-urban Correct, NUC）。利用线性规划方法,将误差反馈到城市扩张模型中,动态修正模型系数,构建基于误差反馈控制的变系数城市扩张空间布局模型反映城市扩张的内在特征,最后以北京市为例,模拟了其1997~2009年的城市扩张过程,通过与传统Logistic-CA模型的模拟结果对比,验证变系数模型的有效性与实用性。研究结果表明：传统Logistic-CA模型在2001年、2005年和2009年的模拟精度分别为73.842%、64.704 %和63.953%,而基于误差反馈控制的变系数城市扩张模型的模拟精度分别为75.624%、66.537%和69.142%,较Logistic-CA回归模型提高了1.782、1.833和5.189个百分点,取得了更好的模拟效果。 相似文献
8.
以North的体制经济学为理论依据,将新古典经济学的Solow增长模型扩展为一个包含制度变量的计量经济学模型,并结合空间面板数据分析方法,使用1997—2005年中国省区的社会经济数据实证检验了经济制度环境对经济增长的影响。研究结果表明:该时期的制度变迁对中国的经济增长具有显著贡献力,证实了North的制度经济学理论假设。此外,空间面板数据的分析方法深入地揭示了省域经济活动之间存在的空间自相关性,即地区之间通过技术扩散、要素转移以及社会文化交流等在地理空间上发生相互影响。 相似文献
9.
基于中国工业企业数据库和阿里巴巴平台数据,从企业和行业两个层面考察“互联网+”对中国制造业就业增长的影响。结果显示,就企业层面而言,“互联网+”阻碍了制造业企业的就业增长。具体分企业规模来看,“互联网+”能够促进大型企业就业增长,但对小微企业起到一定抑制作用。就行业层面而言,“互联网+”程度加深对行业就业增长产生负面影响。从产业集聚来看,地方专业化、产业多样化和产业内竞争三类集聚动态外部性显著促进企业就业增长和行业就业增长,但地方专业化和产业内竞争会阻碍“互联网+”对行业就业带动作用的发挥。此外,“互联网+”和产业集聚的就业影响具有地区差异性。 相似文献
10.
跨界的城市增长--以江阴经济开发区靖江园区为例 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
近年来,长江三角洲的一些城市出现了资源耗竭或紧缺的问题．由此引发了城市间合作共建工业区和开发区的新现象。因为在此类工业园区中也往往伴随着行政管理权力在合作城市之间的转移．所以这种城市合作的创新可以被视作跨界的城市增长。本研究在增长联盟的理论视角下对江阴经济开发区靖江园区的跨界城市增长进行了研究．深入探讨了各级地方政府、企业、地方媒体和农民四种参与者在联盟形成中的作用和互动。研究在理论上证实了城市尺度以上增长联盟的存在．丰富了增长联盟理论、在对中国城市政治的研究上．研究发现地方政府和企业结成的增长联盟已经在中国城市中出现。同时．农民结成的反增长联盟也在不断壮大,这主要是由于土地征用、缺乏就业机会和不合理的拆迁安置造成的。江阴-靖江的经验与问题也将为其他城市的跨界发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
11.
Noparat Bamroongrugsa Chorthip Purintavarakul 《湿地科学》2006,4(2):91-95
1 INTRODUCTIONThe rapid increase in the production of culturalmarine shrimp in many countries has caused largescale conversion of mangrove to shrimp ponds.Manyof these endeavors have proven non-sustainable,largely due to inappropriate construction methods… 相似文献
12.
连片特困区区域发展和经济增长益贫性是当前研究的热点,但鲜有文献考察连片特困区经济增长的益贫性。以国家连片特困区区域发展与扶贫攻坚“先行先试”区域武陵山片区为研究对象,分析了近12 年来经济增长益贫性的时空差异、空间差异演变规律以及增长益贫性差异对空间差异的影响。研究发现：① 近12 年来,武陵山片区经济增长总体上具有益贫性,但时空差异明显,其中重庆、贵州片区为益贫性增长,湖南、湖北片区分别为涓滴式增长和均衡增长;② 武陵山片区内部区域差距呈先上升后下降的演变趋势,湖南、湖北、贵州、重庆4 个分片区内部差距是最主要的贡献,片区间的差距次之。4 分片区内,湖南片区内部差距最大,其次是贵州片区,重庆、湖北片区最小;③ 经济增长益贫性对空间差异演变有重要的影响,但影响程度受贫困增长曲线斜率（益贫、益富程度） 的制约。最后,针对武陵山片区整体以及4 个分片区分别提出了提升经济增长益贫性、空间格局优化的思路与建议。 相似文献
13.
Weak growth in industrial (nonagricultural) U.S. sulfur demand has slowed the growth of total sulfur demand. Evaluating prospects for trend reversal is hampered by inadequate detailed data published by industry, and the lack of an easily measured demand component that reliably depicts total demand. In this article, I try to overcome this data deficiency by constructing an industry-by-industry breakdown of published data on total industrial sulfur consumption. Industrial sulfur consumptions were estimated from data on consuming industry activity, characteristics of relevant industrial processes, and analyses of the conditions affecting choice among alternative industrial processes. Subjective projections of the industry detail data are presented.In addition to cyclical factors, past declines in industrial sulfur demand were due to replacement of sulfur-using industrial processes with alternative processes that use less or no sulfur to achieve production cost economies. In some, but not all, cases, changeovers of process were in response to impositions of environmental-related requirements. The demand for industrial sulfur has good prospects for positive growth as shrinkage of some markets reaches natural limits and total market growth comes increasingly to be dominated by markets with positive growth prospects. Positive growth has been generated by environmentally related regulation in several markets, such as petroleum alkylation and copper production. 相似文献
14.
中国撤县（市）设区对城市经济增长的影响分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
撤县（市）设区是通过打破行政区经济,减少行政区边界,实现以地级市为基础的经济一体化的重要手段,采用政策评估的常用工具——倍差法,对中国1990-2007年的撤县（市）设区的样本进行了分析,发现撤县（市）设区对城市经济增长具有约5年的短期促进作用,主要表现在人均GDP增长率、人均固定资产投资增长率、人均消费增长率等方面,对人均道路面积和人均公共汽车数量的增长率则是先抑后扬,对相邻城市的经济增长则具有约2年的短期促进作用;并以佛山撤县（市）设区为案例,分析了短期促进作用的来源和长期激励消失的原因,认为基础设施投资是政府在撤县（市）设区后的主要行为,以此带动产业转移和房地产消费,进而促进了经济增长;但由于撤县（市）设区削弱了地方政府的发展权限,向上级政府集中了资源的控制权,使得地方长期经济发展的激励消失。 相似文献
15.
BY RICHARD A. ARMSTRONG TOM BRADWELL 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2010,92(1):141-147
Certain species of crustose lichens have concentrically zoned margins which probably represent yearly growth rings. These marginal growth rings offer an alternative method of studying annual growth fluctuations, establishing growth rate–size curves, and determining the age of thalli for certain crustose species. Hence, marginal growth rings represent a potentially valuable, unexploited, tool in lichenometry. In a preliminary study, we measured the widths of the successive marginal rings in 25 thalli of Ochrolechia parella (L.) Massal., growing at a maritime site in north Wales. Mean ring widths of all thalli varied from a minimum of 1.02 mm (the outermost ring) to a maximum of 2.06 mm (the third ring from the margin). There is some suggestion that marginal ring width and thallus size are positively correlated; and hence that growth rates increase in larger thalli in this small population. In a further study on recently exposed bedrock adjacent to Breiðarlon, SE Iceland, we examined the potential for using marginal growth rings to estimate thallus age of a lichen tentatively identified as a Rhizocarpon (possibly R. concentricum (Davies) Beltram.) and thus confirm the timing of surface exposure ( c. 50 years). Collectively, these results suggest: 1) the measurement of marginal rings is a possible alternative method of studying the growth of crustose lichens; 2) O. parella may grow differently to other crustose species, exhibiting a rapidly increasing radial growth rate in thalli >40 mm; 3) where lichens with marginal rings grow on recently exposed surfaces (<60 yrs), minimum age estimates can be made using growth rings as an in situ indication of lichen growth rate; 4) it is suggested that this phenomenon could provide a valuable, previously unexploited, in situ lichenometric-dating tool in areas lacking calibration control. 相似文献
16.
Bobkov IV 《Soviet geography》1987,28(4):244-255
Reasons for the continuing growth of central Moscow in comparison with little growth in subsidiary cities in the surrounding Moscow Oblast are examined. The author attributes this uneven growth to the concentration of shopping facilities in central Moscow. It is noted that past attempts to slow the growth of central Moscow have failed and that the only strategy likely to succeed in the future would involve developing the infrastructure of the surrounding subcenters. 相似文献
17.
Achieving dual goals of economic growth and carbon emission reduction is a major issue in China. In this paper we define three economic growth patterns (green growth, brown growth and black growth) according to the relationship between economic scale and carbon emissions, and then trace the historical trajectory of economic growth over the last 40 years. Granger causality is used to test China’s economic growth and carbon emission linkage. We argue that green growth means that the rate of carbon emission reduction is faster than the increase in GDP. When carbon intensity reduction is slower than GDP growth, brown growth occurs. Black growth occurs when both carbon intensity and economic scale increase. For China, we denote the four periods of black growth (1971–1977), brown growth (1978–2001), black growth (2002–2004), and brown growth (2004–2010). Granger causality tests indicate that mutual causality between carbon emissions and economic growth exists in the short term, but not the long term. In order to achieve the goals of economic growth and carbon intensity reduction, it is necessary for China to actively participate in global carbon reduction activities, technological innovation and ecological civilization construction. 相似文献
18.
Kathleen Mee 《The Australian geographer》2002,33(3):337-351
Over the past 10 years Sydney has experienced a remarkable wave of economic prosperity and growth, partly due to its developing role as a regionally significant global city. Through this period, maintaining the quality of life in the city has been regarded as particularly important. Yet traditional accounts of the global city have stressed quality-of-life features of the inner city. In this paper I examine the implications of the prosperity of global Sydney for the quality of life of western Sydney, paying particular attention to environmental amenity and the affordability of housing. The paper argues, first, that growth in the Sydney region has depended upon continued growth in western Sydney. It highlights key instances in which residents have resisted developments associated with this growth and regarded as major threats to the environmental amenity of the region. Second, the paper argues that the prosperity of Sydney, combined with changes to government policy, have impacted upon the supply of affordable rental housing in western Sydney. This is particularly significant in the case of public housing. Managing growth in the city will require attention to managing quality-of-life issues in the metropolis as a whole. 相似文献
19.
增长与收缩是区域转型发展过程中的世界性议题,然而其判别标准与驱动机制研究还比较薄弱。因而,论文构建人口、经济增长与收缩的判别标准和理论(驱动力—结果—响应)分析框架,利用统计数据与NPP/VIIRS系列遥感数据,借助ArcGIS可视化分析工具和广义加性模型探究黄河流域5268个乡镇增长与收缩的格局及影响因素。结果发现：黄河流域乡镇人口、经济增长与收缩并存,人口收缩乡镇主要集中在“几字湾”地区,经济收缩乡镇主要集中在上、中游地区,关中、中原以及山东半岛城市群是人口—经济增长的核心区域。乡镇增长与收缩可分为持续增长型(6.4%)、转型增长型(5.8%)、缓慢增长型(42.4%)与持续收缩型(45.4%)4种,增长型乡镇主要分布在下游地区,收缩型乡镇主要分布在上、中游地区,其中技术密集型、劳动密集型城市的乡镇增长态势明显,资源型城市收缩型乡镇所占比重较大。自然条件的多个阈值表明平原地区、高海拔地区的乡镇均存在增长优势,规模经济与交通区位整体对乡镇增长具有促进作用,但涓滴效应与外部性会造成乡镇的收缩。不同增长与收缩类型的乡镇应当探索因地制宜的增长与转型路径。 相似文献
20.
土地资源作为重要的自然环境载体,对城市发展既起到了支撑作用,同时也会制约城市的盲目扩张。本文以北京市为例,从供给与需求两方面,总结了北京城市发展的土地资源约束特征,初步测算了其城市空间的上限规模。一方面,分析了产业用地和生活居住用地等土地资源需求主导因素的特征和变化趋势,基于不同的土地利用效率情景,初步测算得出北京城市发展对土地资源的需求规模区间为[1596 km2,2846 km2]。另一方面通过分析北京地区农业空间、生态空间及其他用地空间的占用、消耗特征,测算得出不同情景下土地资源对北京城市发展的供给规模区间为[1673 km2,2821 km2]。可以看出,当前北京城市发展的土地需求明显大于供给。同时指出了未来北京城市拓展受到土地资源供给的总量约束、空间约束及城市功能定位决定的用地结构性约束等限制。最后尝试提出解决当前城市发展面临的资源环境瓶颈和城市病等问题的思路。 相似文献