滇西腾冲—梁河古近纪花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素及地球化学     

高永娟  林仕良  丛峰  邹光富  谢韬  唐发伟  李再会  梁婷 《地质学报》2014,(1)

滇西腾冲—梁河地区发育古近纪二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩,记录了印度-欧亚大陆碰撞的岩浆活动信息。二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为51.4±0.4 Ma,其176 Hf/177 Hf值为0.282554~0.282592,εHf(t)=-6.65~-5.30,其二阶段模式年龄为1.46~1.55Ga。腾冲—梁河古近纪花岗岩以高SiO2(68.96%~78.68%)、高K2O(4.56%~6.29%)和高Al2O3(12.40%~16.42%)为特征,K2O/Na2O值为0.93~7.24,Al2O3(K2O+Na2O),A/CNK值为0.99~2.31,属于富钾钙碱性偏铝—强过铝质花岗岩;绝大多数样品具有强烈的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*为0.19~0.51),富集Cs、Rb,亏损Sr、P、Ti、Ba、Nb、Ta,具有Pb的正异常。元素地球化学特征指示,其主要源于区域上地壳变质杂砂岩的部分熔融;结合区域地质,认为腾梁地区62~51Ma的花岗岩是对印度-欧亚大陆碰撞高峰期的岩浆响应。  相似文献   

青藏高原东南缘腾冲来利山A型花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb定年及其构造意义     

《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(5)

腾冲地块处于滇西复合造山带和青藏高原东南缘,研究区发育的花岗岩携带了大量的构造信息。腾冲来利山二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为50.4±0.4 Ma,是新生代早期印度-欧亚陆陆碰撞的产物。花岗岩Si O2含量较低(67.52%~68.99%),高钾(K2O=5.13%~5.70%),AR值为2.02~2.14,A/CNK值为0.95~0.99,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列;Fe OT/Mg O(4.03~4.54)、10000×Ga/Al(5.18~5.59)比值较高,相对富集LILE(Rb、Th、U、K、Pb)和HFSE(Zr、Hf),相对亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti、Eu,而且稀土总量较高(∑REE=381.38×10–6~471.47×10–6),较富集轻稀土,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型。以上特征均指示来利山二长花岗岩具有A型花岗岩的特征,且属于A2亚型花岗岩。岩石的εHf(t)=–11.44~–8.01,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄tDM2=1625~1845 Ma,反应其源岩物质单一,主要由地壳增厚引起中元古代的古老大陆地壳熔融形成。在早始新世(50 Ma左右),滇西腾冲-梁河地区正好处于印度-欧亚板块同碰撞-后碰撞的过渡构造环境,揭示了该地区从挤压机制向拉张机制转变的动力学过程。因此,作者推断自印度-欧亚板块陆陆碰撞高峰期至早始新世,青藏高原东南缘的板块应处于同碰撞挤压构造环境,之后进入后碰撞短暂拉张构造环境,并在滇西腾梁地区形成了来利山A型花岗岩。  相似文献   

滇西芒市地区钾长花岗岩的成因及构造背景: 岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb同位素年代学证据          下载免费PDF全文

邹光富  毛英邹鑫毛琼罗滨  林仕良  丛峰  李再会  谢韬 《中国地质》2013,40(5):1421-1432

提要：腾冲地块芒市地区钾长花岗岩分布于芒市北部五叉路乡核桃洼、江东乡杨家寨和轩岗乡南约村一带,主要由钾长花岗岩组成。芒市地区钾长花岗岩大部分是作者通过1∶5万区域地质填图,从原高黎贡山群中解体出来的。为了限定该地区岩浆事件的准确时间,本文对该区钾长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学研究。测得芒市地区钾长花岗岩中锆石的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为(60.8±0.8) Ma,其形成时代属于古近纪。该区钾长花岗岩具有高SiO2（67.97%~80.62%）、高碱（K2O+Na2O=5.08%~8.79%）、中-高钾（K2O/Na2O=1.11~17.80）、低P2O5含量(0.01%~0.15%)的特征。铝饱和指数(A/CNK)介于1.03~2.31之间,岩石属钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性过铝质-强过铝质S型花岗岩。岩石总体上富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Ta、La、Pb、Nd、Sm、Gd等,明显亏损高场强元素Ba、Nb、Ce、Sr、Zr、Hf、Eu等。稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为56×10-6~323×10-6,平均为183×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型, LaN/YbN为1.58~41.60,δEu=0.18~0.71, 显示弱到中等程度的负铕异常,具有明显的轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的特征。地球化学研究表明,该花岗岩是以含粘土的变质杂砂岩和粘土岩部分熔融形成的,岩浆可能来源于本区中晚元古代高黎贡山群为代表的地壳物质的部分熔融。是典型壳源成因类型,具岛弧型同碰撞花岗岩特征。该区古近纪钾长花岗岩的形成表明,在60.8 Ma以前,雅鲁藏布江—密支那洋已关闭,印度板块与冈底斯—腾冲板块之间的俯冲、碰撞作用已经发生,并处于岩浆弧形成阶段,为印度板块与冈底斯—腾冲板块之间俯冲、碰撞、成弧造山构造岩浆活动的响应。古近纪钾长花岗岩形成时代及其构造环境的厘定,为进一步探讨腾冲地块构造演化提供了新证据。  相似文献   

滇西来利山锡矿正长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

金灿海  范文玉  沈战武  张海  张玙 《地质学报》2013,87(9):1211-1220

滇西来利山锡矿位于滇西锡成矿带的腾冲-梁河锡成矿亚带,地处三江构造带南段腾冲地块,怒江缝合带和密支那缝合带之间.锡矿体产于中石炭统丝光坪组断裂破碎带及与来利山复式岩体东南边缘的正长花岗岩接触带,成矿与正长花岗质岩浆活动关系密切.正长花岗岩SiO2含量76.00％～77.10％、Al2O3含量12.62％～13.50％、TFeO/MgO为9.79～72.50,具富硅、铝,铁高镁低的特征;铝饱和度(A/CNK)为1.02～1.32,K2O/Na2O为1.42～～2.26,里特曼指数(δ)1.40～2.29,属高钾钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩系列;岩石∑REE值为98.68×10-6～～191.89×10-6,强烈的负Eu异常(δEu=0.07～～0.10),铈异常不明显(δCe=0.63～0.99),LR/HR为0.19～0.69,(La/Yb)N为0.31～1.24,轻重稀土没有明显的分异性;P、Ti强烈亏损,Ba、K亏损,Zr、Th富集,La弱富集,为壳源S型同碰撞花岗岩;LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb法测定其成岩年龄为52.53±0.29 Ma(MSWD=1.8),是中始新世印度-欧亚大陆碰撞造山作用的产物,是在地壳强烈挤压、增厚,由上地壳泥质岩类在不饱和水条件下低程度部分熔融岩浆侵位冷凝形成.来利山锡矿的成矿物质主要来源于围岩及花岗岩,成矿流体以岩浆水为主,成矿时代与正长花岗岩成岩年龄一致,锡矿是该区在喜马拉雅早期印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞造山运动岩浆活动的成矿响应,表明该区在51.1～54 Ma至少存在一次与来利山正长花岗岩关系密切的锡成矿作用.  相似文献   

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因     

魏启荣  赵闪  王健  张敏  许欢  欧波  徐长君  金磊 《地学前缘》2018,25(6):136-151

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。  相似文献   

扬子板块北缘光雾山地区钾长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义     

魏国安  邹光富  潘伟奇  罗茂金  马志鑫  毛琼  余学磊 《矿物岩石》2019,39(2):14-24

为了限定扬子板块北缘地区新元古代岩浆活动事件的准确时间及和探讨岩石成因,本文对出露于四川省南江县光雾山钾长花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究。结果表明光雾山地区钾长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为836.3Ma±8.3Ma,属于新元古代花岗岩。岩石具有高w(SiO2)(72.68%~78.10%),w(K2O)(4.26%~5.32%),w(Na2O)(1.68%~3.38%),相对富钾(K2O/Na2O=1.12~2.54),高碱(w(Na2O+K2O)=7.64%~8.99%),低P2O5含量等特征,铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.99~1.49,光雾山花岗岩属于过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩。岩石具有轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素亏损的特征,具有明显Eu负异常,δEu为0.48~0.73。光雾山花岗岩微量元素表现出Rb,Th,K,Nd,Sm元素富集,Ba,Nb,Ta,Sr,P,Ti元素亏损的特点。地球化学研究表明,光雾山钾长花岗岩主要以粘土岩部分熔融为主及少部分含粘土的变质杂砂岩部分熔融形成的。岩浆可能来源于本区结晶基底新太古界-古元古界后河岩群和褶皱基底中-新元古界火地亚群中深变质岩为代表的地壳物质的部分熔融产物,为壳源成因类型,具有岛弧型花岗岩特征,形成于岛弧构造环境。光雾山钾长花岗岩的形成是新元古界时期扬子板块与华北板块之间的俯冲碰撞、岛弧形成构造演化过程中使区域地壳不断加厚和地壳深融作用的响应。扬子陆块北缘南江地区约836Ma同碰撞岛弧型钾长花岗岩的发现,表明该地区在约836Ma时为Rodinia超大陆汇聚形成阶段,此时期该区Rodinia超大陆尚未进入大陆裂解阶段。  相似文献   

内蒙古东乌旗狠麦温都尔花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

程银行  滕学建  辛后田  杨俊泉  冀世平  张永  李艳锋 《岩石矿物学杂志》2012,31(3):323-334

内蒙古东乌旗狠麦温都尔地区发育了大量的晚古生代花岗岩,主要岩石类型为二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明,二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩的成岩年龄分别为307.0±1.9 Ma和299.7±5.3 Ma,时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世。岩石地球化学特征显示,主要岩石的SiO2含量为65.65%~71.86%,具富碱(K2O+Na2O为9.59%~9.90%)、富钾(K2O/Na2O为1.00~1.73)的特点,准铝质(A/CNK为0.96~1.00),属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列;岩石富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,而亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等元素;稀土元素总量为82.60×10-6~177.58×10-6,(La/Yb)N为4.13~15.37,配分曲线模式略微右倾,δEu为0.44~0.87,中等-弱负铕异常,具岛弧或后碰撞高钾钙碱性花岗岩的特征,结合岩石具块状构造、晶洞构造特征显示为后碰撞花岗岩。综上所述,认为狠麦温都尔高钾钙碱性花岗岩可能为后碰撞早期伸展阶段的产物,与华北板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞作用有关,这一认识为兴蒙造山带晚古生代构造岩浆演化及古亚洲洋闭合的时限提供了新的约束。  相似文献   

义敦岛弧带夏塞早白垩世A型花岗岩成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素制约   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李艳军  魏俊浩  陈华勇  李欢  陈冲  侯本俊 《大地构造与成矿学》2014,(4)

义敦岛弧带晚中生代侵入岩体目前仍缺乏高精度的年代学数据制约,其成因也存在争论。作者首次在岛弧带中段夏塞银铅锌多金属矿区发现与成矿关系密切的黑云母二长花岗岩。本文对其开展了年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素分析,探讨成因及构造背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为103±1 Ma(MSWD=0.5),为早白垩世晚期岩浆活动产物。花岗岩属高钾钙碱性岩系,具有高硅、富碱和铁、贫钙和镁特征,Si O2含量为72.94%~74.98%,K2O+Na2O=7.56%~8.08%,铝饱和指数A/CNK=1.06~1.10,属弱过铝质岩石。岩石富集Zr、Hf等高场强元素和U、Th等大离子亲石元素,明显亏损Ba和Sr。REE具有明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.13~0.25),总体呈较陡右倾的LREE富集和HREE相对亏损特征。岩相学和地球化学显示其为铝质A型花岗岩。Hf同位素组成εHf(t)=–2.7~0.6,二阶段模式年龄TDM2=925~1095 Ma。地球化学及Hf同位素揭示夏塞岩体为软流圈地幔与壳源长英质岩浆混合成因,并经历了斜长石、正长石和褐帘石等矿物的分离结晶。夏塞花岗岩体具有后碰撞花岗岩特征,形成于早白垩世晚期弧-陆碰撞造山后伸展构造背景。  相似文献   

滇西芒市江东花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义     

邹光富  毛英  邹鑫  林仕良  丛峰  李再会  谢韬  高永娟 《地质学报》2013,87(11):1635-1646

腾冲地块江东花岗岩体分布于芒市江东镇—项丘一带,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成。该花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为58.29±0.44 Ma,表明该花岗岩体的形成时代属于古新世。岩石地球化学研究表明,该花岗岩具有中等SiO2(68.66%~73.50%),高碱(K2O+Na2O=6.87%~9.04%),高钾(K2O/Na2O=1.87~2.20),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.97~1.36的特征。岩石属钾玄岩—高钾钙碱性系列,为过铝质S型花岗岩。稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为158.85×10-6~304.26×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有弱到中等程度的负铕异常。根据岩石地球化学特征判别,该花岗岩的源岩可能是富含粘土的变质杂砂岩,在构造体制由挤压向拉张转变的后碰撞环境下部分熔融形成的。江东古新世后碰撞环境黑云母二长花岗岩的形成,预示着印度板块与冈底斯-波密-腾冲板块的主体碰撞在60Ma之前(即古新世初期之前)已经发生。冈底斯-滕冲构造带古新世构造岩浆造山事件与新特提斯洋的闭合及印度板块与冈底斯-滕冲板块间的俯冲、碰撞造山作用密切相关。  相似文献   

华北克拉通南缘A型花岗岩的年代学和Nd-Hf同位素组成:对古元古代晚期伸展事件的制约   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

师江朋  杨德彬  霍腾飞  杨浩田  许文良  王枫 《岩石学报》2017,33(10):3042-3056

河南上店和登封古元古代晚期A型花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素研究为讨论华北克拉通南缘中部古元古代晚期构造演化提供了依据。结果表明,上店花岗斑岩和登封正长花岗岩中锆石发育振荡生长环带,结合高的Th/U比值(0.36~1.64),表明其为岩浆成因,岩浆锆石的207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为1801Ma、1801Ma和1795Ma,即它们形成于古元古代晚期;上店花岗斑岩具有高SiO_2(70.30%~71.83%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.76%~11.01%)、贫Ca O(0.18%~0.36%)、P2O5(0.12%~0.15%)和MgO(0.02%~0.20%)的特征,富集LILEs(Cs、Rb、Ba和K)、贫HFSEs(Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf)和强烈亏损Sr、P、Ti元素,具有负的Eu异常(δEu=0.44~0.59),结合高的FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)比值(0.94~1.00)和10000×Ga/Al比值(2.70~3.74),暗示其为A型花岗岩,具造山后A2型花岗岩特征;上店花岗斑岩的全岩εNd(t)值变化于-8.94~-6.87之间,tDM2=3243~3049Ma,锆石εHf(t)值介于-14.1~-6.5之间,tDM2=3030~2655Ma;登封正长花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)值介于-11.3~-8.4之间,tDM2=2887~2744Ma。上述结果暗示,上店和登封A型花岗岩均来源于幔源岩浆底侵作用下的中-新太古代基底物质的部分熔融,形成于华北克拉通东部和西部陆块碰撞造山后的伸展环境。  相似文献   

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites     

S. Viswanathan  K. Surya Prakash Rao  B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定     

肖德明  甘璇玑  卜正才 《铀矿地质》1986,(4)

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。  相似文献   

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌     

奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits     

E. M. Prasolov  S. A. Sergeev  B. V. Belyatsky  E. S. Bogomolov  K. A. Gruzdov  I. N. Kapitonov  R. Sh. Krymsky  V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow     

Habib Alehossein   《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,93(1):11-19

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李国会  刘德慧  苏幼銮 《物探与化探》1986,10(1):60-65

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。  相似文献   

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses     

Alexander  E. C.  Broberg  J. S.  Kehren  A. R.  Graziani  M. M.  Turri  W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.  相似文献   

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

张洪培  刘继顺  李晓波  章霞林 《地质找矿论丛》2006,21(2):87-90

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.  相似文献   

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Harvey E. Belkin  Harold M. Sparck 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(2):106-110

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.  相似文献   

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

杨建平金振民  欧新功徐海军 《岩石学报》2005,21(2):427-437

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。  相似文献