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This paper presents a GIS-based multi-criteria site selection for municipal solid waste landfilling in Ariana Region, Tunisia. Based on the regional characteristics, literature related to disposal sites and waste management, local expert, data availability and assessments via questionnaires, 15 constraints, and 5 factors were built in the hierarchical structure for landfill suitability by multi-criteria evaluation. The factors are divided into environmental and socio-economic groups. The methodology is used for preliminary assessment of the 20-year most useful lifetime suitable landfilling sites by combining fuzzy set theory, weighted linear combination (WLC) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a GIS environment. The criteria standardization is undertaken by application of different fuzzy membership functions. The fuzzy membership functions shape and their control points are chosen through assessment of expert opinion. The weightings of each selection criterion are assigned depending on the relative importance using the AHP methodology. The WLC approach is applied for alternative landfill sites prioritization. The results of this study showed five potential candidate sites, which are generated when the environmental factors are valued higher than socio-economic factors. These sites are ranked in descending order using the ELECTRE III method. However, the final decision will require further detailed geotechnical and hydrogeological analyses toward the protection of groundwater as well as surface water. 相似文献
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Industrial sites are key factors in urban and regional land use planning. Therefore, determining the location of industrial areas is a critical and complex process for development and success. Industrial site selection aims in identifying the most suitable sites for industry creation, considering a set of influential criteria. Therefore, site selection generally and industrial site selection specifically can be categorised as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem that requires detailed evaluation of various dimensions. This study developed a set of clusters containing 10 selection criteria for industrial site selection in Isfahan metropolitan area, Iran. The relationships between the criteria and clusters were modelled and analysed using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytical network process (ANP). AHP and ANP agree in finding distance to water bodies and distance to other industries as the most and least important selection criteria. Four patches have been identified as suitable alternatives for industrial construction. While AHP found Borkhar Patch 1 as the most appropriate alternative, ANP demonstrated the superiority of Ardestan Patch over others. Conducting a sensitivity analysis for the models confirmed both models robustness in industrial site selection decisions. 相似文献
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Dynamic aspects of the long runout Ontake-san debris avalanche are evaluated by a comparison of several models. An unsteady numerical model assumes two-dimensional flow of an incompressible biviscous or Newtonian fluid, represented as a continuum with a free surface. Internal deformation of the flowing mass is considered, as well as boundary resistances. Thus flow thinning and deposit shape as well as flow kinematics may be modeled. Parameters are adjusted to match observed runout, with additional constraints on velocity and emplacement time. With abundant constraints for Ontake-san, from careful field investigations by Japanese research teams, our analysis indicates that a substantial decrease in flow resistance occurred as a function of displacement. Constant-property models that match runout tend to overestimate the peak velocities and to underestimate the emplacement times. A staged increase in mobility in both constant volume and variable volume models leads to results consistent with field data. Runout in a channel overflow area was also modeled. Qualitatively similar results have been obtained by other researchers using simple sliding block models with empirical parameters, a slide block model with rational parameter selection, a modified flood simulation, and a multi-element frictional slide model. The relative merits of these models are compared.
The field mechanisms associated with this mobility increase with displacement are poorly understood, but the question is now identified as a target for future research at debris avalanche sites, and some plausible mechanisms are considered. The main reason probably involves the entrainment of river water and saturated sediment, leading to enhanced efficiency of fluid pressure mechanisms with undrained shear; in addition, progressive shearing reduced the mean particle size and angularity, and the cohesion and friction (and apparent viscosity) of avalanche debris near the wetted perimeter. Hydroplaning — the shearing of water films and slurries — may have occurred locally. 相似文献
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郑州地区煤矿水文观测孔以前均在地面施工,由于施工和维护成本较高,近年来逐渐推广在井下施工。2013年国家煤矿安全监察局将《高压水探放技术与装备》列入《水害防治关键技术与装备研究课题》。随着井下钻探技术和装备日趋成熟,特别是井下专用探放水钻机、孔口防喷装置、松软破碎地层跟管钻进技术、硬岩层高效定向钻进技术等方面的难题相继被攻克,煤矿井下钻探已实现了安全型作业。针对井下钻探施工的特殊性,主要从水文观测孔施工难点和解决方法进行了详细阐述,包括设备选型、钻孔定位、破碎地层潜孔锤跟管钻进、固井和井控防喷以及成孔后酸化洗井等方面。 相似文献
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Smoothing and Change Point Detection for Gamma Ray Count Data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gamma ray detectors are used to measure the natural radioactivity of rocks. For a number of boreholes drilled at a site the gamma ray detector is lowered into each borehole and counts of gamma ray emissions at different depths are recorded as the instrument is gradually raised to ground level. The profile of gamma counts can be informative about the geology at each location. The raw count data are highly variable, and in this paper we describe the use of adaptive smoothing techniques and change point models in order to identify changes in the geology based on the gamma logs. We formulate all our models for the data in the framework of the class of generalized linear models, and describe computational methods for Bayesian inference and model selection for generalized linear models that improve on existing techniques. Application is made to gamma ray data from the Castelreagh Waste Management Centre which served as a hazardous waste disposal facility for the Sydney region between March 1974 and August 1998. Understanding the geological structure of this site is important for further modelling the transport of pollutants beneath the waste disposal area. 相似文献
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利用北调江水补充调蓄石家庄地下水的工程技术方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
石家庄是中国北方水资源危机较严重的城市之一,已形成了超采地下水的巨大降落漏斗。结合其毗邻滹沱河宽阔河滩,地面水可直接入渗补给降落漏斗内地下水的有利水文地质条件,实施利用北调江水补充调蓄地下水工程,将具有现实意义。该文针对北调江水可能存在的不同水质情况,应用现有较适宜的地下水调蓄方法和相关的水质净化技术或研究成果,选择滹沱河河道、河漫滩上采砂坑及其他有利的条件场地等,就利用北调江水补充调蓄地下水工程,进行了相关技术方法探讨,提出一个较适宜的工程技术方案,以期能为石家庄水资源的战略调控服务。 相似文献
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再论巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式与高大沙山的形成机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据已有研究成果和最新调查资料, 在综述沙漠湖泊与高大沙山研究进展及存在问题的基础上, 深入探讨了巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的补给来源、补给模式及高大沙山的形成机理. 结果认为, 沙漠湖泊水和地下水的补给来源不是当地降水和周边雅布赖山-北大山的降水形成的地表洪水, 而是南部青藏高原(包括祁连山)现代大气降水、冰雪融水、高原湖水的远源补给. 补给模式为高原富含CO2气体和CaCO3的入渗水, 通过深大导水断裂通道形成的区域地下水流循环系统, 源源不断地自南向北运移到沙漠地带, 地下水在通过沙漠湖泊区弧形"叠瓦状"垂向导水构造断裂向上越流过程中被广泛分布的岩浆岩加热, 沿断层溢出地表形成湖泊群, 同时导致水中CO2的释放和CaCO3的沉积, 形成钙华体. 高大沙山的形成机理是深层地下热水向上越流补给了沙漠覆盖区, 在承压水头以下形成鼓丘状的沙漠地下水, 承压水头以上, 水蒸汽继续向上运移并被凝结在沙粒表面, 未被吸附凝结的热水蒸汽继续向上运移并被吸附在新沉积的沙粒表面, 形成湿砂层并接受更新的沙粒沉积, 如此反复循环, 则沙丘高度不断增加, 逐步形成高大的固定沙山. 相似文献
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作者在现场工程地质勘察、试验基础上, 对我国西南某大型水电枢纽坝基所遇特殊的复杂埋藏型岩溶、承压水问题进行了研究, 弄清了坝基岩溶、承压水形成条件及发育特性, 对坝址选择及工程处理的决策具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Common opinion today is that the only practicable way for the disposal of hazardous waste is in deep-laying bedrock deposits.
A set of general site selection criteria for spent nuclear fuel were developed, and are presented and discussed in this paper.
Four widespread geological formations in Romania appropriate as geological barriers for underground disposal (salt, granite,
volcanic tuff and green schists) were analyzed, and sites were proposed on the basis of the geological criteria defined for
each of the four formations.
Received: 18 July 1996 · Accepted: 27 September 1996 相似文献
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地裂缝是西安市典型的城市地质灾害，地下水位的变化是诱发地裂缝活动的重要因素。以西安地铁六号线暗挖段施工降水为研究背景，基于有限元数值模拟计算，分析了地裂缝场地施工降水引起的地表沉降规律和地层应力变化特征。计算结果表明:当地下水位下降时，地表沉降量上盘大于下盘，地裂缝带两侧地表存在差异沉降的现象，最大差异沉降量与地下水位下降深度近似呈直线关系；不同位置处地表的横向沉降呈现出"Z"形的变化特征，差异沉降区随地裂缝位置的变动而变化，且差异沉降量与横向地表位置近似呈二次函数曲线关系；地层竖向应力随着地下水位下降而增大，地裂缝位置处地层应力存在突变现象，上下盘应力影响区与地层深度近似呈三次函数曲线关系；基于分层总和法计算了地下水位下降时地表沉降量的解析解，并与数值模拟结果进行对比，发现两种方法计算结果基本一致，得到了计算地表最大沉降量的经验公式。研究结果可为地裂缝场地地铁隧道及其他地下工程安全施工提供科学指导。 相似文献
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本文分析了秦岭山前截洪引渗条件,以及涝河冲洪积扇截洪引渗方式与方案及其效果,采用数值模拟方法研究了截洪引渗与地下水库调蓄的协同效应。得出涝河冲洪积扇采取有水库、有引渗方案,实施截洪引渗工程与地下水库调蓄的联动,平水年可增补地下水0.45×108m3/a,丰水年可削减洪峰90%以上,增开状态的地下水位与泉流量仍可持续恢复。秦岭山截洪引渗条件和地下水库调蓄功能优越,实施截洪引渗工程对调节水资源时空分配不均、储蓄南水北调水量,缓解关中地区水资源供需矛盾、减轻洪灾等具有重要意义与作用。 相似文献
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Nicolás Federico Guillén Antoine Patalano Carlos Marcelo García Juan Carlos Bertoni 《Natural Hazards》2017,87(1):383-394
The probability of the occurrence of urban flash floods has increased appreciably in recent years. Scientists have published various articles related to the estimation of the vulnerability of people and vehicles in urban areas resulting from flash floods. However, most published works are based on research performed using numerical models and laboratory experiments. This paper presents a novel approach that combines the implementation of image velocimetry technique (large-scale particle image velocimetry—LSPIV) using a flash flood video recorded by the public locally and the estimation of the vulnerability of people and vehicles to high water velocities in urban areas. A numerical one‐dimensional hydrodynamic model has also been used in this approach for water velocity characterization. The results presented in this paper correspond to a flash flood resulting on November 29, 2012, in the city of Asunción in Paraguay. During this flash flood, people and vehicles were observed being carried away because of high water velocities. Various sequences of the recorded flash flood video were characterized using LSPIV. The results obtained in this work validate the existing vulnerability criterion based on the effect of the flash flood and resulting high water velocities on people and vehicles. 相似文献
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Analysis of non climatic origins of floods in the downstream part of the Kura River,Azerbaijan 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Over the past century, there is an increased contribution of non climatic factors to the flood formation processes in the
Kura River. Non climatic factors of floods refer to factors that are related to reductions in channel capacity and result
in floods. More recently, there are numerous non climatic factors occurring in and around the Kura River basin that have increased
the frequency of floods. Sediment accumulation in the riverbed over a long period of time has led to the reduction of channel
capacity and has raised the elevation of the riverbed above the surrounding territory. It is illustrated that construction
of dykes and levees do not actually prevent flooding, where hydrologic connections between groundwater and surface water are
high, since infiltrated waters from channel results in raising of ground waters, causing an effect of “underground flood.”
Since underground floods occur when water going from channels raises the level of ground waters, there is an urgent need to
carefully investigate the groundwater–surface water connections. With the purpose of predicting floods, the authors suggest
defining maximal acceptable flows (MAFs) rather than channel capacities. Results show that high rates of hydraulic conductivity
of soils will decrease MAF rates. MAF computations before high-water season allow for further regulation of outlets further
downstream in order to prevent flooding and enable flood forecasting. While the study focuses on a specific region, the overall
approach suggested is generic and may be applied elsewhere. 相似文献
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Stochastic models appropriate for seismic records of earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions are considered and a selective review of the existing models is presented. Special models of stationary processes, periodically correlated processes, and uniformly modulated stationary processes as well as a new class called correlation autoregressive processes are studied. Relevant properties of correlation autoregressive processes are presented. It is shown that the successful models presently used are all subclasses of the correlation autoregressive processes. Shortcomings of the existing nonstationary models and merits of the new class for seismic wave modeling are discussed and directions for the further research and development are suggested. It is hoped that the model and the ideas introduced in this article will provide a stimulation for further examination of correlation autoregressive processes and will promote statistical modeling of seismic records. 相似文献
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煤炭地下气化是对传统采煤技术的变革,气化炉选址是煤炭地下气化能否成功的先决条件。基于煤炭地下气化的研究进展和存在的问题,分析煤炭地下气化原理和气化炉选址的地质影响因素,重点分析煤级、煤层、地下水、围岩、构造等地质条件。结果表明:褐煤最适合地下气化;地下气化煤厚度应大于2 m、煤层倾角小于70°、埋深300~2 000 m适宜。同时,煤炭地下气化过程可能会对地下水造成污染,地下水涌入气化盘区也会导致气化失败;煤炭地下气化容易引起围岩破裂,造成地下水贯入气化区以及地表沉降;煤炭地下气化炉选址应避开构造复杂区域;地下气化可能会影响附近含水层微生物的活性,破坏地下生态环境系统。 相似文献
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区域稳定性分析对于地下水封洞库科学合理的选址具有重要意义。首先,根据地下水封洞库建库选址基本原则,在充分考虑我国主要大型码头与炼油厂分布的基础上,提出了我国环太平洋西海岸地区地下水封洞库区域稳定性研究区范围。其次,在分析地下水封洞库区域稳定性影响因素并考虑目前所掌握相关数据、资料的基础上,确定区域性断裂带、地震峰值加速度、地层岩性、大地热流值为区域稳定性评价的敏感因子,并根据对区域稳定性影响的大小对各敏感因子划分等级。最后,采用因子叠加法,并利用MAPGIS软件对研究区的稳定性进行了空间叠加分析,得到了研究区区域稳定性评价结果,为我国后期大型地下水封洞库规划选址提供了参考和支撑。 相似文献