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《上海国土资源》2016,(3)
随着城市化建设进程的加快,工程性地面沉降已逐渐成为滨海软土地区地面沉降的主导因素,并进而影响港口城市工程建设和发展。2000年以来,宁波相继开展了工程性地面沉降调查,建立工程性地面沉降监测网,并开展了工程性地面沉降特性和机理研究。本文基于宁波市地面沉降现状,从地层结构、软土的工程特性、主要压缩沉降层、地面沉降与建筑容积率的相关性及工程性沉降机理分析等方面,对工程性地面沉降的成因进行详细分析,工程建设活动及第一软土组压缩变形是产生工程性沉降的主要原因。针对宁波市地面沉降的新特征,从专项监测、机理分析及预测预警、浅层地下水人工回灌、防控管理及长效机制方面,探讨工程性地面沉降防治对策,综合防控工程性地面沉降发生发展,促进国际港口城市建设与地质环境协调发展。 相似文献
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宁波地面沉降已有半世纪,随着城市化快速推进,地表动静荷载剧增,地面沉降已从地下水不合理开采的区域性地面沉降逐渐向大规模地表荷载和基坑降排水造成的工程性地面沉降转变。自2008年底市区地下水实施禁限采后,地面沉降漏斗仍继续缓慢扩张,监测中心沉降量持续增加,并相继出现了多个新型小漏斗。在充分论述工程性因素在宁波平原区域地面沉降中作用和特征的基础上,基于有限差分法,建立参数随应力应变变化的地下水开采和区域建筑荷载双重作用下的全耦合动态地面沉降方程。通过实测数据和模拟结果的对比研究,显示模型良好的拟合关系,并预测了2012～2015年地面沉降发展趋势,为宁波地面沉降防治及中心城区城市化建设、海洋经济发展提供依据。 相似文献
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以成都市中心城区及周边区域为例,利用PS-InSAR技术对2016-2018年间32景升轨Sentinel-1A数据进行处理,获取地面形变数据,进行时序分析与相干性分析。结果显示,成都市处于一个西抬东降的格局,年形变速率范围-22.9～26.5mm/y,累积沉降量达到-45～59mm。研究结果表明,最近几年城市化进程的加快和轨道交通建设的快速发展,是导致成都市中心城区部分区域地面沉降的主要原因,另外成都平原的地理位置及地下水分布,对城市部分区域的抬升和沉降也有影响。 相似文献
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轨道交通沉降的风险评估和监测预警研究对轨道交通安全和城市规划建设具有重要意义。文章从上海轨道交通运营的地质环境出发,在总结工程地质条件和区域地面沉降特征的基础上,以3条轨道交通线路为例,分析了这3条线路地铁隧道运营期间的沉降规律特征。通过分析影响地铁隧道沉降的各风险因素与沉降变形之间的关系特征,建立了包括地质条件、区域地面沉降、周边工程建设、轨道交通结构差异、轨道交通沉降特征在内的轨道交通沉降风险评估指标体系,并以此为基础对3条线路进行了沉降风险评估。 相似文献
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地面沉降是目前常见的地质灾害之一,其长期的积累给城市带来巨大的经济损失,成为制约城市发展的主要因素。进入20世纪90年代以来,工程环境效应诱发的沉降已经成为上海地面沉降的新趋势,对于外荷载引起的地面沉降过程而言,影响因素较多,既无法用明确的数学关系式表达,又非黑箱那样内部结构、参数和特征一无所知,因此可将灰色预测理论应用于地面沉降的预测。针对监测和观测时间的非等时性,本文应用非等时距灰色理论模型对上海陆家嘴地区某高层建筑的沉降进行预测,并和实际监测沉降量进行了比较;对室内模型试验进行沉降预测,并和实验观测数据以及自适应神经网络系统(ANFIS)预测结果进行了比较。研究发现,对于工程环境效应引起的地面沉降,应用非等时距灰色理论模型进行沉降预测是可行、精确的。 相似文献
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上海市近期地面沉降形势与对策建议 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
１９９１￣１９９６年期间,上海中心城区年均沉降达１０．２ｍｍ,约为前２５年的２．５倍。外加海平面上升与上海地壳下沉,上海近期沉降加速形势引起了新闻媒介和市政府的高度重视。本文概述了上海近期地面沉降的面上和垂向分布特征。指出上海近期地面沉降加速是在浅部土层保持持续性压缩的基础上,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ含水层水位上升速率大大降低,第Ⅳ、Ⅴ含水层开采量大幅增加而地下水位下降速率加大及建筑工程大面积施工等多种因素所产生 相似文献
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研究区位于山东半岛蓝色经济区和黄河三角洲高效生态经济区的交迭地带,区位优势明显。地面沉降灾害的发生对该区规划建设和港口防潮堤高程构成了威胁,因此,全面了解该区地面沉降的发育特征,尤其是掌握地面沉降的主要影响因素极其重要。前人在不同时段内应用GPS和水准测量方法对该区局部地段地面沉降开展了相应研究,但未对全区地面沉降状况进行分析评价,尚不能有效支撑区域规划建设及地面沉降防控管理。文章在前人研究基础上,基于PSInSAR遥感技术分析了该区地面沉降速率及其变化状况,并与水准测量成果进行了对比。认为多年来该区地面沉降现象明显,超过75%的区域发生了不同程度的地面沉降,在寿光-广饶交界处、寿光-滨海开发区北部、寿光城区西北部和昌邑-滨海开发区北部等存在多个显著片区,且多年变化总体呈现加重趋势;区内存在16个沉降中心,最大沉降速率达到29~168 mm/a,沉降速率超过40 mm/a的占比达到62%以上,主要分布于研究区西部和西北部;该区地面沉降受区域构造、地层结构、地下水开采和地面荷载等因素影响,其中地下水开采是区域地面沉降发生的主致因素,地面荷载加强了局部地段的不均匀沉降程度,区域构造和地层结构为地面沉降发育和加剧提供了地质背景条件。 相似文献
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基于Peck公式的双线盾构引起的土体沉降预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于Peck公式,对双线水平平行盾构隧道施工中土体损失引起的三维土体沉降计算方法进行研究。考虑先行隧道施工对后行隧道的影响和两条隧道开挖面的不同位置,建立修正的三维Peck公式;通过分别计算先行盾构隧道和后行盾构隧道施工引起的土体沉降,叠加得到双线水平平行盾构施工引起的总的三维土体沉降。算例分析结果表明：预测值与实测值比较吻合;随着两条隧道开挖面前后距离的逼近,地面最大沉降量会逐渐增大;随着土体深度z的增大,沉降略增大、沉降槽宽度则略减小;当两条隧道轴线水平距离L较小时,地面沉降量较大,符合正态分布规律;随着L的增大,最大地面沉降量会逐渐减小,沉降曲线形状慢慢由V型转变成W型。 相似文献
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Analysis of urbanisation-induced land subsidence in Shanghai 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Since 1980, land subsidence has accelerated and groundwater levels have decreased in the centre of Shanghai, although the net withdrawn volume of groundwater has not increased. Theoretical analysis of the monitored data shows that the decrease in the groundwater level is the primary reason for the observed land subsidence. Meanwhile, the net withdrawn volume of groundwater in the urban centre of Shanghai has not increased during this period. Many underground structures have been constructed in the multi-aquifer-aquitard system of Shanghai since 1980. This paper discusses the factors related to the development of land subsidence during the process of urbanisation in Shanghai during the past 30?years. These factors include additional load during and after structure construction, the cut-off and/or partial cut-off effect of underground structures in aquifers, the decrease in the groundwater level due to leakage of underground structures and the reduction in recharge of groundwater from the surroundings. 相似文献
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浅层地下水人工回灌应用于上海市工程性地面沉降防治的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
上海地面沉降主要由过量开采地下水资源和大规模工程建设等因素共同影响,工程性地面沉降引起的地面沉降漏斗严重影响了周边地区生命线工程的建设及运营安全。通过开展试验研究,将深部承压含水层中应用成熟的地下水人工回灌技术引入浅部含水层中,但由于浅部含水层砂层结构及水动力条件与深部含水层差异较大,回灌工艺及方法也存在差异。本次试验工作中,改进了地下水人工回灌工艺流程,并通过同步地面形变监测分析了浅层地下水人工回灌对控制地面沉降的作用效果。结合上海地区实际地层特征以及各种回灌工艺的实际效果,评价了浅层地下水人工回灌技术在防治工程型地面沉降中推广应用的可行性及适用性。 相似文献
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针对地下空间开发中深基坑减压降水地面沉降发育特征、沉降机制及防治对策等研究进展,以上海市为例,总结了近年来滨海地区深基坑减压降水地面沉降研究取得的主要成果。建立了深基坑减压降水地面沉降防治综合分区方法,探索了深基坑减压降水地面沉降防治原型试验设计方法,掌握了上海市浅部承压含水层深基坑减压降水地面沉降规律,提出了深基坑减压降水地面沉降-地下水位双控模式及控制指标,提出了深基坑减压降水地面沉降防治措施,构建了深基坑减压降水地面沉降管控体系。这些研究成果在特大型城市安全管理、重大市政工程建设及运营服务中得到应用,对同类地区地面沉降研究和防治工作具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Shaochun Dong Sergey Samsonov Hongwei Yin Shujun Ye Yanrong Cao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(3):677-691
River delta plains (deltas) are susceptible to subsidence producing undesirable environmental impact and affecting dense population. The City of Shanghai, located in the easternmost of Yangtze Delta in China, is one of the most developed regions in China that experiences the greatest land subsidence. Excessive groundwater withdrawal is thought to be the primary cause of the land subsidence, but rapid urbanization and economic development, mass construction of skyscrapers, metro lines and highways are also contributing factors. In this paper, a spatial–temporal analysis of the land subsidence in Shanghai was performed with the help of the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. Twenty l-band ALOS PALSAR images acquired during 2007–2010 were used to produce a linear deformation rate map and to derive time series of ground deformation. The results show homogeneous subsidence within the research area, but exceptionally rapid subsidence around skyscrapers, along metro lines, elevated roads and highways was also observed. Because groundwater exploitation and rapid urbanization responsible for much of the subsidence in the Shanghai region are expected to continue, future subsidence monitoring is warranted. 相似文献
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Modelling the cutoff behavior of underground structure in multi-aquifer-aquitard groundwater system 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
Ye-Shuang Xu Shui-Long Shen Yan-Jun Du Jin-Chun Chai Suksun Horpibulsuk 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(2):731-748
The quaternary deposit of Shanghai is composed of an alternated multi-aquifer-aquitard system (MAAS) consisting of a sequence of aquitards laid over aquifers one by one. In the MAAS, any drawdown of groundwater head in an aquifer may cause consolidation of the overburden aquitard. When underground structures penetrate those aquifers, groundwater seepage path changes and drawdown occurs at the side characterized by the lower hydraulic potential along the flow direction (hereafter refers as to the lower side). This drawdown may cause additional subsidence at the lower side and unbalanced load between the two sides of the underground structure. In order to evaluate the cutoff effect of an underground structure on groundwater seepage in a MAAS representative of the underground of the city of Shanghai, a numerical analysis based on a groundwater flow model has been carried out. The simulated results have shown that underground structures which cut off groundwater flow locally change both magnitude and direction of the flow velocity field. The induced changes in the groundwater field are highly sensitive to the penetration depth and width of the underground structure. Design recommendations for underground structures in aquifers belonging to a MAAS are also presented, which has not yet been considered in the engineering practice of Shanghai. 相似文献
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Evaluation of land subsidence by considering underground structures that penetrate the aquifers of Shanghai, China 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Underground structures that penetrate into aquifers can cause groundwater-level drawdown and land subsidence. Numerical analyses, based on a three-dimensional (3-D) groundwater flow model incorporated with a 1-D consolidation model, have been conducted to assess the behaviour of seepage and effect on subsidence by considering underground structures in the multi-aquifer?Caquitard system of Shanghai, China. Two extreme scenarios were examined: (1) distributed underground structures, and (2) concentrated underground structures around the heavily urbanized area. In the first scenario, the aquifer with underground structures was substituted with another material that possessed a lower hydraulic conductivity, established using the effective-medium theory; when the ratio of the volume of the underground structures to that of selected aquifer layers??(1) low-pressure partially-confined aquifer (Aq02), (2) the first confined aquifer (AqI), and (3) the second confined aquifer (AqII)??increases by 10?%, subsidence increases by about 3, 3 and 32?%, respectively. In the second scenario, part of the aquifer material was directly replaced by the structure material (very low hydraulic conductivity). In this situation, when the ratio of the volume of the underground structure to the volume of aquifers Aq02, AqI or AqII increases by 10?%, subsidence increases by about 5, 8 or 20?%, respectively. 相似文献
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Ye-Shuang Xu Huai-Na Wu Bruce Zhi-Feng Wang Tian-Liang Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):351
Foundation dewatering has become a major cause of land subsidence in Shanghai. The burial depth of foundations in relation to geotechnical construction works is less than 75 m, and the corresponding groundwater includes phreatic, low-pressure artesian, and the first confined aquifers. Based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions beneath Shanghai, methods of dewatering may be divided into three modes and further five patterns according to the insertion depth of the dewatering-retaining system. The most common dewatering mode aims to reduce the water pressure in the confined aquifer by setting the dewatering wells inside the pit, whilst the retaining walls are buried in the confined aquifer and partially cut off the confined aquifer layer. To predict the settlement due to foundation dewatering, numerical models are generally adopted, which are similar to those used to predict land subsidence induced by regional groundwater withdrawal; however, since foundation dewatering is conducted along with the setting of retaining walls and foundation pit excavation, which differs from regional groundwater withdrawal, interactions between the retaining wall-dewatering well, the dewatering-excavation, and dewatering-recharge are important factors affecting the analytical model. Since the grading of the shallow soil layers is different, stratified settlement characteristics of the shallow soil strata and seepage erosion, which results in additional deformation, need to be given particular consideration. 相似文献
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Shujun Ye Yue Luo Jichun Wu Xuexin Yan Hanmei Wang Xun Jiao Pietro Teatini 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(3):695-709
Shanghai, in China, has experienced two periods of rapid land subsidence mainly caused by groundwater exploitation related to economic and population growth. The first period occurred during 1956–1965 and was characterized by an average land subsidence rate of 83 mm/yr, and the second period occurred during 1990–1998 with an average subsidence rate of 16 mm/yr. Owing to the establishment of monitoring networks for groundwater levels and land subsidence, a valuable dataset has been collected since the 1960s and used to develop regional land subsidence models applied to manage groundwater resources and mitigate land subsidence. The previous geomechanical modeling approaches to simulate land subsidence were based on one-dimensional (1D) vertical stress and deformation. In this study, a numerical model of land subsidence is developed to simulate explicitly coupled three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow and 3D aquifer-system displacements in downtown Shanghai from 30 December 1979 to 30 December 1995. The model is calibrated using piezometric, geodetic-leveling, and borehole extensometer measurements made during the 16-year simulation period. The 3D model satisfactorily reproduces the measured piezometric and deformation observations. For the first time, the capability exists to provide some preliminary estimations on the horizontal displacement field associated with the well-known land subsidence in Shanghai and for which no measurements are available. The simulated horizontal displacements peak at 11 mm, i.e. less than 10 % of the simulated maximum land subsidence, and seems too small to seriously damage infrastructure such as the subways (metro lines) in the center area of Shanghai. 相似文献
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The Characteristics and Causes of Land Subsidence in Tanggu Based on the GPS Survey System and Numerical Simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Land subsidence is a severe hazard threatening Tanggu, a flat lowland area, and evidences of land subsidence can be seen throughout the city. A new reasonable GPS network was set up in this area from 2008 to 2010. The monitoring data show that land subsidence was serious and two main subsidence cones were obviously formed in the region. One emerged at Hujiayuan, with the maximum rate reaching 60 mm/a, and the influence region enlarged prominently from 2005 to 2010. The other one occurred at Kaifaqu, which became obvious only after 2005, and it showed a decreasing tendency with time. To analyze the causes of ground settlement, a correlation between groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence was firstly made. The results confirmed that over-exploitation of groundwater was the major cause for the severe settlement in Hujiayuan. Meanwhile, the subsidence of Kaifaqu was also related to groundwater withdrawal before 2005. However, the relationship became unconspicuous after 2005. To find the cause of this abnormity, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model, coupled with groundwater flow and subsidence, was built. The simulation results indicate that the subsidence induced by high-rise buildings is serious, but the affected range is limited and it also shows a decreasing trend with time, corresponding to the subsidence characteristics at Kaifaqu. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this hazard induced by engineering construction besides groundwater withdrawal, as more high-rise buildings are under construction in Tanggu. 相似文献