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1.
黑河上游祁连山区植物群落随海拔生境的变化特征 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
基于79个样地的野外调查数据,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)等方法,研究了黑河上游祁连山浅山区、阴坡、阳坡3种典型类型植物群落随海拔梯度的变化特征.结果表明:浅山区植被属于山地荒漠类型;阴坡植被沿海拔升高依次分异为山地荒漠、山地森林和高山灌丛,海拔2 500m和3 300m是它们的海拔分界线;阳坡植被在海拔3 200m截然分异为干旱类型和湿润类型.乔木物种多样性随海拔变化难于形成一定的格局;灌木物种丰富度随海拔升高呈现多峰分布格局,总体上高海拔低、低海拔高;草本植物物种多样性随海拔升高呈单峰变化.以上生态型的各优势种分别占据不同的海拔范围,祁连山主要乔木青海云杉分布在海拔2 500～3 500m的阴坡,其郁闭度随海拔升高而降低,在海拔3 300m以上海拔区域为零星分布. 相似文献
2.
不同海拔表层土壤微生物数量消长的机理 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
以乌鲁木齐河源区不同海拔表层土壤样品为研究材料,利用荧光显微计数技术、寡营养恢复培养技术等,研究了微生物的数量与土壤理化参数和植被类型的关联度.结果表明:表层土壤中可培养细菌数与表土含水量、总C、总N和pH值相关性不显著,与相应的植被类型明显相关,可培养细菌数从大到小所对应的植被为:苔草嵩草芨芨草针阔叶混交林云杉车前草山莓草;在相同植被类型下,可培养细菌数量表现出随海拔升高而降低的趋势.植被类型是影响土壤可培养细菌数量的主要因素,但海拔变化对可培养细菌数量的影响也不可忽略. 相似文献
3.
黑河上游祁连山区土壤可培养细菌群落生境的垂直分异特征 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
利用PYGV、 R2A、 NB和Czapek 4种培养基, 研究了不同海拔下黑河上游祁连山区土壤细菌群落结构的变化规律.结果表明: 可培养细菌数量为4.6×106~37.0×106CFU·g-1, 随海拔升高明显减少; 基于16S rRNA基因序列分析共发现了7个门、 19个属、 26种细菌, 其中Agreia pratensis, Mucilaginibacter ximonensis, 嗜冷冷杆菌(Cryobacterium psychrophilum)和氧化节杆菌(Arthrobacter oxydans)四种细菌是优势种; 嗜冷冷杆菌的相对丰度在高海拔地区明显增加, Agreia pratensis的相对丰度随海拔升高而降低; 细菌的多样性随海拔升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势. 冗余分析(RDA)显示, 可培养细菌数量与海拔呈显著负相关, 细菌的多样性与植被指数和土壤理化性质均存在明显的相关关系, 说明可培养细菌数量主要受海拔的影响, 而植被和土壤理化性质是影响细菌群落多样性的主要因素. 相似文献
4.
退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中土壤微生物活性研究——以贵州花江地区为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
退化喀斯特植被的恢复机理一直是近年来土壤学和生态学研究的热点。通过分析退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中土壤微生物数量、土壤生化作用强度、土壤微生物生物量,研究了贵州花江喀斯特高原生态综合治理示范区内土壤微生物活性的变化。结果表明:退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中土壤的微生物活性存在较大差异。随着退化喀斯特植被的恢复,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌三大微生物数量及微生物总数明显上升,表现为乔木群落阶段〉灌木群落阶段〉草本群落阶段〉裸地阶段,且细菌较真菌和放线菌相比占绝对优势,其在微生物总数中分别占95．95％,93．49％,92．32％和92．48％;各主要生理类群的数量呈上升趋势,且氨化细菌〉固氮菌〉纤维素分解菌〉硝化细菌,土壤生化作用强度增强;土壤微生物生物量碳明显增加,微生物生物量碳与土壤有机碳（P〈0．01）呈显著正相关关系。土壤微生物是表征退化喀斯特植被恢复过程中土壤质量的重要特征之一,反映出随着退化喀斯特植被的恢复土壤质量也在逐渐恢复。 相似文献
5.
长白山苔原带土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土壤温度与土壤肥力的分解释放、植被生长密切相关。利用2015年8月至2017年6月长白山西坡苔原带5 cm土壤温度并测试其土壤肥力,分析了土壤温度与肥力随海拔的变化特征及土壤温度对苔原带肥力的影响。结果表明：（1）长白山西坡苔原带土壤最热月为8月,最冷月为1、2月。长白山西坡苔原带土壤年均温随海拔的升高而下降,垂直变化率为-0.44℃·（100m）-1。月均温垂直变化率则有所差别,5-9月垂直变化率为正,其余月份垂直变化率为负。（2）海拔是土壤温度空间分异的主要影响因素,冷季土壤温度随海拔升高而显著降低。随着海拔升高,越稀疏的植被和越薄的土层使得土壤热容量越小,暖季土壤温度随海拔升高而显著升高。（3）长白山西坡苔原带土壤肥力,尤其是与植物生长关系密切的速效养分随海拔升高表现出先升高再降低,在植物多样性和丰富度及草本植物盖度最高的2 250 m处达到土壤肥力最高水平。低海拔（2 050~2 250 m）的土壤肥力水平明显高于高海拔（2 350~2 550 m）的土壤肥力水平。西坡苔原带土壤肥力的空间分异状况受草本植物入侵影响较大。（4）长白山西坡苔原带土壤肥力水平随土壤温度升高而升高,温度是土壤有机质分解和矿物质养分转化的限制性因素。建议山地苔原带生态系统生产和生态管理中要重点考虑草本植被入侵给土壤肥力带来的影响。 相似文献
6.
祁连山不同海拔低温原油降解菌群的分布特性研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以祁连山南麓中端野牛沟土壤为研究对象,研究了不同海拔下低温原油降解细菌群落的分布特征。结果显示：研究区域具有原油利用潜力的低温降解菌数量为0.3×105~1.4×105CFU ·g-1,随海拔的升高,菌群明显减少;同时通过16S rRNA基因序列分析共发现4个门、7个属、25种细菌,其中假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）是优势属,并且位于海拔3597m处的菌株原油利用潜力均较高,而变形菌门的不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）利用原油生长的潜力最高。 相似文献
7.
土壤冻融过程对祁连山森林土壤碳氮的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用祁连山区3个气象站常年监测的冻土与温度资料,研究了0~60 cm层次土壤有机碳和全氮分布及与海拔高度、土壤温度的关系,并在室内模拟研究了冻融过程（-20~15 ℃）对祁连山青海云杉林和高山灌丛林土壤有机碳和氮矿化过程的影响. 结果表明：土壤的有机碳和全氮含量随海拔上升呈增加趋势,土壤有机碳和全氮含量与海拔呈显著正相关关系,与土壤温度呈显著负相关关系. 室内模拟实验表明,经过多次冻融循环过程,冻融处理抑制了土壤有机碳矿化过程,对照处理土壤有机碳矿化速率高于冻融处理. 冻融次数也是影响土壤有机氮矿化的一个重要因素,经过42次冻融,青海云杉林和高山灌丛林土壤中有机氮质量分数分别提高了2.42倍和2.82倍. 土壤冻融过程促进了土壤有机氮的矿化,有利于土壤中有效氮的累积. 相似文献
8.
氢氧同位素是示踪流域水循环过程的有效方法,水是维系哈尼梯田景观稳定性的关键.以哈尼梯田文化景观遗产核心区的麻栗寨河流域泉水为研究对象,通过采集不同海拔的33个样品分析泉水氢氧同位素的海拔效应.结果表明：总体上看,泉水氢氧同位素随海拔的上升而下降,其递减率随海拔增加而变大,并具有高、中、低三段海拔分异的特征;低海拔段（1 060 m以下）和高海拔段（1 510 m以上）均具有明显的海拔效应,但中海拔段（1 060~1 510 m）相关关系不显著;泉水氢氧同位素关系方程与全国大气降水线相比斜率略小,说明在泉水形成之前曾受雨量效应、蒸发作用和补给等因素影响;在氘盈余方面,低海拔段的d值与全国大气降水线相当,中海拔段明显低于全国大气降水线,高海拔段明显高于全国大气降水线,说明研究区泉水存在强烈的混合作用,且其海拔效应是在补给水源多次循环和利用过程中形成. 相似文献
9.
在祁连山冷龙岭南麓坡地进行不同海拔的土壤植被的整体双向移地实验,以探讨气候变化对土壤碳、氮含量及其比例的影响.结果表明: 土壤植被移植后土壤因原生状态不同而存在差异,移地后土壤有机质含量总体表现出随海拔升高而升高,部分移植后在海拔3 600～3 800 m处略有下降;土壤全氮变化比较复杂.从不同高度移植到各海拔后,除从海拔3 400 m移到各海拔的土壤碳氮比先升高后降低外,其它3个高度移植后土壤碳氮比随海拔升高而升高.受气候影响和原生植被类型差异,土壤碳、氮及碳氮比波动变化明显. 相似文献
10.
祁连山南坡不同海拔土壤与植被位移后土壤碳氮的短期变化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在祁连山冷龙岭南麓坡地进行不同海拔的土壤-植被的整体双向移地实验,以探讨气候变化对土壤碳、氮含量及其比例的影响.结果表明:土壤-植被移植后土壤因原生状态不同而存在差异,移地后土壤有机质含量总体表现出随海拔升高而升高,部分移植后在海拔3 600～3 800m处略有下降;土壤全氮变化比较复杂.从不同高度移植到各海拔后,除从海拔3 400m移到各海拔的土壤碳氮比先升高后降低外,其它3个高度移植后土壤碳氮比随海拔升高而升高.受气候影响和原生植被类型差异,土壤碳、氮及碳氮比波动变化明显. 相似文献
11.
基于主成分分析的青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草地土壤质量评价 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
土壤质量评价是提高对土壤质量理解的关键环节。为了了解青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草地土壤质量的基本情况,在青藏高原腹地西大滩至安多地区,根据不同海拔梯度和植被盖度共采集了154个土壤样品。通过主成分分析（PCA）法确定了影响青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草地土壤质量的最小数据集（MDS）：全氮、全磷、全钾。根据影响土壤质量的最小数据集对青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草地土壤质量进行评价,得出了不同海拔、不同植被盖度下的土壤质量指数（SQI）。通过对不同海拔、不同植被盖度的土壤质量指数进行对比研究表明：随着海拔的升高,SQI呈增加的趋势,即海拔4 300～4 600 m（0.270±0.043） < 海拔4 600～4 900 m（0.326±0.061） < 海拔4 900～5 200 m（0.410±0.075）;随着植被盖度的增加,SQI也呈现增加的变化趋势,即植被盖度小于50%（0.262～0.265） < 植被盖度大于50%（0.336～0.344）。在分别考虑了有机质、盐分、土壤水分对土壤质量的影响下得出的土壤质量指数值与基于最小数据集得到的土壤质量指数相一致,说明基于主成分分析的最小数据集可以对青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草地土壤质量做出较准确的评价。 相似文献
12.
G. I. E. Ekosse PGD M.Tech. D.Tech. Ph.D. FIScT P. S. Fouche D.Sc B. Mashatola M.Sc 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2006,3(1):15-24
This study aimed at quantifying the total organic carbon (TOC) present in soils within the proximity of the Kgwakgwe Mn oxide ore abandoned mine, Botswana, and establish its relationship with Mn concentrations in soils and vegetation based on multivariate and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analytical techniques. Four hundred soil samples and 200 vegetation set samples were obtained from a 4 km2 area close to the abandoned mine. The TOC in soil samples were determined using a carbon/hydrogen/moisture determinator, and Mn concentrations in soils and vegetation by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results were processed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS), GIS, and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques with the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS), Geosoft Oasis Montaj and ArcGIS software packages. The values for TOC in the soil samples from the study area ranged from 0 wt % to 7.91 wt %, with a mean of 1.90 wt %, and at the control area, from 4.07 wt % to 4.86 wt %. The range of concentrations of Mn in soils was from 36 mg/g to 24908 mg/g and for Mn concentrations in the vegetation samples from 26 mg/g to 3611 mg/g with a mean of 598 mg/g. Results of correlation coefficients depicted very weak negative association except Mn in soils/Mn in leaves which was weak but positive. The statistical data yielded four clusters as follows: cluster one consisted mainly of Mn in leaves, cluster two was constituted of Mn in soils, and cluster four had TOC. Cluster three was dominated by the three parameters but with negative t statistic. The spatial presentation of data presented revealed little or no vegetation in the south eastern area and those close to the mine workings, and some significant vegetation in the north western part of the study area. The low TOC in the soils is associated to low vegetation cover which is considered to have been influenced by the soil clay fraction mineralogy and high concentrations of Mn. 相似文献
13.
Muhammad Aqeel Kamran Jun Jiang Jiu-yu Li Ren-yong Shi Khalid Mehmood M. Abdulaha-Al Baquy Ren-kou Xu 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(11):272
To increase soil productivity, ameliorate nutrient scarcity, and reduce metal toxicity in highly weathered acidic soils usually requires fertilizer and lime application. Effects of three biochars on soil acidity, Olsen-phosphorus (P), phosphatase activities, and heavy metal availability were investigated to test potential of these biochars as soil amendments in highly weathered acidic soils. Incubation experiments were conducted for 6 weeks with three acidic soils: Alfisol, Ultisol, and Oxisol. Three biochars were derived from chicken manure (CMB), pig manure (PMB), and peat moss (PB) at 400 °C and applied at 1 or 2% (wt/wt). The addition of the three biochars increased Olsen-P in the three acidic soils in the following order: CMB?>?PMB?>?PB. Application of 2% CMB increased Olsen-P contents by 2.41-, 7.4-, and 1.78-fold in the Ultisol, Oxisol, and Alfisol compared with controls, respectively. Moreover, CMB increased the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and alkaline phosphatase activity, but reduced exchangeable acidity, acid phosphatase activity, and the availability of heavy metals—more effectively than PMB and PB. Addition of CMB increased soil pH by 0.90, 0.90, and 0.92 units for the Alfisol, Ultisol, and Oxisol, respectively, correspondingly followed by 0.80, 0.84, and 0.87 units for PMB and 0.15, 0.28, and 0.25 for PM. Changes in EC, CEC, and exchangeable acidity followed the same order for the three soils: CMB?>?PMB?>?PB. The results suggested that the magnitude of changes in soil properties and Olsen-P contents depended on biochar type and application rate. Application of CMB increased nutrient availability and reduced the availability of heavy metals more than other amendments. Due to higher pH, EC, and CEC, and greater concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, and exchangeable calcium and potassium, incorporation of CMB should be a better cost-effective method to correct soil acidity and improve fertility and Olsen-P contents in Ultisols and Oxisols from tropical and subtropical regions of the world. 相似文献
14.
冻融循环条件下生境基材中三种功能微生物数量变化规律研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为揭示高寒地区典型生境基材中功能微生物数量变化的规律,以黄棕壤土为试验土样,在两种初始含水率条件下,分别制备客土、植被混凝土以及加菌植被混凝土三种不同类型的生境基材进行冻融循环模拟试验,探讨生境基材类型、初始含水率和冻融循环次数对基材中功能微生物数量的影响。试验结果显示：三种基材中功能微生物数量均受冻融循环影响显著,且随冻融循环次数增加总体呈"下降~上升~下降"趋势;冻融循环过程中,三种基材中功能微生物总量存在显著性差异,排序为：加菌植被混凝土 > 植被混凝土 > 客土,且固氮、解钾微生物数量显著低于解磷微生物;含水率为22%的基材中功能微生物总量普遍高于含水率为18%的基材。研究结果表明,加菌植被混凝土的肥力、抗冻性相比客土和植被混凝土有一定程度提升,但仍需对现有功能菌剂配方加以改进,以适应高寒地区冻融环境。 相似文献
15.
Xun Zhou Bin Fang Li Wan Wenbing Cao Shengjun Wu Weidong Feng 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(7):1085-1093
Deforestation, over-development of water resources and population growth have contributed to degeneration of vegetation in the Heihe River Basin in northwest China. Salts and water contents are the most important factors affecting the growth of vegetation in this arid area. This study was conducted to determine soluble salt levels of soils in the unsaturated zone and the hydrochemistry of groundwater at 14 sites in this region. Concentrations of soluble ions in the soils deceased with depth. Soil ion contents increased at depths below the root system of native plants. Sulfate was the dominant anion in both the unsaturated zone and the groundwater. Total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater ranged from less than 1 g/L in the middle reaches of the watershed to about 10 g/L in the arid lower reaches. In the middle and upper reaches of the watershed, salinity in soil and groundwater decreased. Groundwater was highly variable in hydrochemistry. The lower reaches was predominated by SO4–Na•Mg and SO4–Mg•Na type water, whereas in the middle reaches groundwater is characterized by lower TDS and HCO3-dominated type water. Evapotranspiration is responsible for occurrence of the soluble salts in the soil profiles. Dissolution is the dominant chemical process in the middle reaches, whereas evapotranspiration prevails in the lower reaches of the Heihe River. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原对于大气的热力和动力作用形成了高原季风气候现象.青藏高原东北部西宁盆地位于高原季风控制区,末次间冰期以来的黄土堆积记录了高原季风气候变化过程.对西宁盆地湟水阶地上的黄土堆积进行了地貌观查、地层对比和探槽及探井采样,完成了热释光和光释光测年,测量了古地磁定向样品以及磁化率、频率磁化率、CaCO3含量和粒度等古气候代用指标.结果表明,西宁黄土堆积记录的高原夏季风环流在相当于深海氧同位素阶段5e特别强,在5a和5c阶段接近于阶段3.高原夏季风和冬季风变化存在位相差以及冬季风强的时候夏季风不一定弱,夏季风弱的时候冬季风不一定强的变化模式. 相似文献
17.
W.Geoffrey Spaulding 《Quaternary Research》1983,19(2):256-264
Until recently, the oldest-known packrat (Neotoma spp.) midden records of desert scrub vegetation were less than 10,500 yr old and were restricted to altitudes below 300 m in the northern Sonoran Desert. Recent discovery of macrofossil assemblages in the Mojave Desert extends the record of desert vegetation back to 14,800 yr ago and to altitudes as high as 910 m. Although xerophytic conifer woodland was widespread in current desert habitats during the Late Wisconsin and early Holocene, the development of extensive desert vegetation was not delayed until the beginning of the middle Holocene. A regional vegetation mosaic of desert scrub and woodland existed at altitudes below 1000 m in the Mojave Desert during the last part of the Late Wisconsin. 相似文献
18.
内陆河高寒山区流域分布式水热耦合模型（Ⅱ）：地面资料驱动结果 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
以黑河出山日平均流量作为对比，利用26个降水站点、11个气温站点和14个潜在蒸发站点2000年日资料，模型设计了6套气象因子空间分布方案，进行数值模拟试验，结果表明，在黑河流域现有观测站点的情况下，利用各种空间插值方法所得结果基本相当，考虑地面高程的三维插值与不考虑地面高程的二维插值结果相差不大，补充距离研究区较远的站点观测资料，模型结果反而变差。最终模型采用基于二维算法的最近距离法（nearest），利用2000年资料校正模型，计算与实测黑河日出山平均流量序列的效率系数为0.6101，平衡误差为0.0808％。以1999年资料验证模型，效率系数和平衡误差分别为0.6270和-2.9824％。模型基于水热连续方程模拟了黑河山区流域水热交换和耦合过程，探讨了流域的水量平衡，分析了水量平衡因子的时空分布，其模拟结果表明，内陆河高寒山区流域主要为浅表产流，高山草甸具有拦蓄降水和水源涵养作用，并反映了高山地区浅表土壤地下厚层冰的聚集过程。各种模型结果与本区野外实际调查结果基本一致，也符合当前对寒区流域水文循环过程的定性认识。 相似文献
19.
Christopher Oze Catherine Skinner Andrew W. Schroth Robert G. Coleman 《Applied Geochemistry》2008,23(12):3391-3403
Serpentine soils derived from the weathering of ultramafic rocks and their metamorphic derivatives (serpentinites) are chemically prohibitive for vegetative growth. Evaluating how serpentine vegetation is able to persist under these chemical conditions is difficult to ascertain due to the numerous factors (climate, relief, time, water availability, etc.) controlling and affecting plant growth. Here, the uptake, incorporation, and distribution of a wide variety of elements into the biomass of serpentine vegetation has been investigated relative to vegetation growing on an adjacent chert-derived soil. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic C, total N, soil extractable elements, total soil elemental compositions and plant digestions in conjunction with spider diagrams are utilized to determine the chemical relationships of these soil and plant systems. Plant available Mg and Ca in serpentine soils exceed values assessed in chert soils. Magnesium is nearly 3 times more abundant than Ca in the serpentine soils; however, the serpentine soils are not Ca deficient with Ca concentrations as high as 2235 mg kg−1. Calcium to Mg ratios (Ca:Mg) in both serpentine and chert vegetation are greater than one in both below and above ground tissues. Soil and plant chemistry analyses support that Ca is not a limiting factor for plant growth and that serpentine vegetation is actively moderating Mg uptake as well as tolerating elevated concentrations of bioavailable Mg. Additionally, results demonstrate that serpentine vegetation suppresses the uptake of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn and Co into its biomass. The suppressed uptake of these metals mainly occurs in the plants’ roots as evident by the comparatively lower metal concentrations present in above ground tissues (twigs, leaves and shoots). This research supports earlier studies that have suggested that ion uptake discrimination and ion suppression in the roots are major mechanisms for serpentine vegetation to tolerate the chemistry of serpentine soils. 相似文献