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Keqiang He Yuyue Jia Weigong Chen Ronglu Wang Huilai Luo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3443-3454
Based on the comprehensive analysis of factors influencing karst collapse in the Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area, China, this paper establishes a karst collapse risk evaluation model by means of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Application of the model led to division of the study area into very high risk area, high risk area, average risk area and low risk area; therefore, the karst collapse risk evaluation map of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed. As preventive measures of karst collapse, the different karst water resource protection areas of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area are established, and the map for karst water resource protection area of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is compiled. The results will be helpful for the strategic planning and decision-making processes associated with exploitation of karst water resources and with prevention and control of karst collapse hazards of this region. 相似文献
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Karst collapse is a type of complicated environmental and geological hazard that can be caused by many factors: natural factors, such as rainfall, and human activities, such as overpumping of groundwater. Therefore, it is important to make a comprehensive analysis and evaluation on karst collapse risks and impacts of the influencing factors of karst collapse. However, how these factors affect karst collapse is still a problem, which has not yet been well solved. Taking the karst collapse in groundwater exploitation area of Shiliquan of Zaozhuang, China, as the example, and based on the comprehensive analysis of the formation rule and mechanism of karst collapse in this area, this paper mainly employs Quantification Theory to make a quantitative analysis and evaluation of various influencing factors of karst collapse in the groundwater exploitation area of Shiliquan of Zaozhuang. It thereby determines the impact of different influencing factors on karst collapse strength, and identifies the dominant and minor factors that affect the karst collapse. It also provides some criteria for the prevention of karst collapse and protection of karst water resources and environment. 相似文献
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Through geological investigation of karst collapses at Zaozhuang City, China, it was found that the mechanism of karst collapse in areas of excess water extraction is characterized by a seepage effect and that the seepage-pressure effect is the initial factor that induces karst collapse. The causation mechanisms for karst collapse can be divided into two phases: the inter-collapse phase and the surface-collapse phase. Therefore, based on the limit-equilibrium theory, this paper has established mechanical models for the surface-collapse phase and determined values for the stability of the arch formed by the soil hole in an inter-collapse phase. In addition, an evaluation of a karst collapses at Zaozhuang City, China, was completed using mechanical models. The results show that the mechanical models agree with the theory of karst collapse at Zaozhuang City. Thus, it is proved that the karst collapse models can be used for the evaluation of karst collapse in areas that are over-pumped. 相似文献
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枣庄岩溶塌陷形成机理与致塌模型的研究 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
渗压效应是指由于降雨入渗补给岩溶地下水,而对盖层土体产生的综合作用,包括静水增荷效应、垂直渗透效应、吸水软化效应及负压封闭效应。渗压效应致塌机制是多年持续采水区降落漏斗中心部位岩溶塌陷的主要力学机制。本文根据普氏理论及极限平衡理论分别建立了内部塌陷阶段临界土洞的高度表达式及地表塌陷阶段的渗压效应致塌力学模型,并用表达式及模型对枣庄市的岩溶塌陷进行了验证分析与评价,分析结果与实际塌陷情况符合较好,建立的表达式与模型基本上反映了该地区岩溶塌陷的形成机理。 相似文献
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China, whose distribution area of karst region reaches about 3.63 million km2, is one of the countries that have the widest karst collapse development. In modern-karst collapses, the karst collapse induced
by water environment is an important type in karst collapses of North China. This paper completed a systematic study on the
relations between groundwater environmental transformation and karst collapses and their distribution rules in northern China
and found out that the karst collapses in northern China are closely related to the change of groundwater environment, which
increased along with the declining groundwater levels and increasing hydraulic gradient. Meanwhile, it was also found that
in all cases of collapse caused by underground-environmental change of northern China, pumping collapses in urban areas appeared
to be the commonest and strongest among modern-karst collapses with 20 regions and 796 mining pits in total, which account
for 30.7 and 58% of artificial collapses, respectively, followed by collapses that were induced by mining draining and inrushing
water with 33 regions and 282 mining pits, accounting for 20.4%. In addition to the conditions listed above, there were also
a few water caving collapse and leakage collapse. 相似文献
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The effects of karst collapse on the environments in north China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In this paper, a systematic study was completed on the distribution features and origins of karst collapses in north China.
There are 65 modern karst collapse areas with 1,416 karst collapse pits and 38 paleo–karst collapse areas with 3,654 paleo-collapse
pillars. Modern karst collapses are mainly distributed in the plain region of the east Taihang and Yanshan Mountains and are
concentrated in three zones from the west to the east in this region. The regional distribution features of karst collapses
in north China are controlled by the boundary of the geological tectonics, condition of soluble rock and the extent of human
activities. From the results, three-grade indices have been adopted to establish a classification scheme for karst collapse
in north China. The effects of karst collapses on the environments in north China are summarized using a karst collapse classification
scheme. 相似文献
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Chen Xuejun Engineering Faculty China University of Geosciences Wuhan Chen Fujian Liu Baochen Bao Huiming Department of Civil Engineering Guilin Institute of Technology Guilin 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(2)
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基于层次分析-模糊综合评价法的徐州市岩溶塌陷易发性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为定量评价城市岩溶塌陷灾害,在详细分析徐州市地质条件的基础上,选取了岩溶发育程度、覆盖层条件、水动力条件等8个致灾因子,运用层析分析-模糊综合评价法对研究区岩溶塌陷易发程度进行评价,得到徐州市岩溶塌陷易发程度分区图。研究结果表明:徐州市岩溶塌陷易发程度分为高易发、中易发、低易发、不易发共4个等级。高易发区主要位于市区溶剂厂-新生街一带及张集水源地邓楼水厂-梁堂水厂一带。区内岩溶水水位长期在基岩面附近波动是诱发岩溶塌陷的主要因素,因此在岩溶塌陷高易发区内应加强对岩溶地下水的开采控制,建立岩溶塌陷监测预警系统,预防岩溶塌陷的发生。 相似文献
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山东省枣庄盆地岩溶塌陷形成条件及易发区划分方法探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
枣庄市是碳酸盐岩分布较广的地区之一，也是以开发利用岩溶地下水为主的城市。20a来，岩溶塌陷灾害比较严重，在山东省较为突出，已成为当地发展经济的制约因素和社会不安定因素之一。为防治灾害的发生、发展，在研究岩溶塌陷形成条件、影响因素的基础上，依据岩溶塌陷形成、发育的地质环境条件、规模和强度等，采用袭扰系数法对岩溶塌陷易发性进行分区，划分出高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不发育区。对高、中易发区提出了监测、勘查、工程和水资源合理开发利用等措施，有的放矢地预防岩溶塌陷灾害，使地质环境与经济协调发展。 相似文献
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广佛肇地区岩溶塌陷易发性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
广州、佛山和肇庆市(广佛肇地区)作为经济发达地区,岩溶塌陷时有发生,给当地人民群众和经济发展带来较大威胁。依托区域地质调查成果,根据岩溶地质条件情况,选择岩溶塌陷分布特征、岩溶发育条件、覆盖层特征、地质构造、水文地质条件和土地利用类型6个因素,系统研究各个因素对岩溶塌陷形成的作用和各个因素之间的权重关系。在此基础上,运用地理信息系统技术和多元统计方法(层次分析法),建立岩溶塌陷发育的多因素判别模型,进而对广佛肇地区划分出高、中等和低易发区域,并根据岩溶塌陷易发区划,编制广佛肇地区重大基础设施岩溶塌陷易发区划应用图集,统计出重大基础设施所在易发区范围。 相似文献
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在分析烟台市栖霞中桥区地质条件及岩溶塌陷产生条件的基础上,选择岩溶发育条件、构造条件、覆盖层条件、水文条件和人类活动条件共5个因子,构建层次型指标体系。同时为增加评价结果的客观性和准确性,选择采用模糊数学法构建各指标的隶属函数,并借助ArcGIS软件,最终实现对研究区岩溶塌陷灾害的易发性评价。分区评价结果表明:已发生岩溶塌陷点分布在岩溶塌陷的极易发生区和易发生区,说明本次评价分区具有合理性;对岩溶塌陷灾害极易发区和易发区应严格控制地下水的开采,以防止岩溶塌陷灾害的发生。 相似文献
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过量开采岩溶水会导致岩溶地面塌陷,枣庄则是全国岩溶地面塌陷比较严重的地区之一,塌陷已对当地的居民生活和经济建设造成了巨大的危害。根据大量的勘察资料和地下水动态监测资料,研究了枣庄地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征,探讨了岩溶地面塌陷的形成机理,岩溶裂隙和上覆土层的性质和厚度是岩溶地面塌陷的先决条件,地下水位大幅度升降引起的物理地质作用是塌陷的主要动力来源,震动和水位突变是重要的诱发因素。 相似文献
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湖南宁乡大成桥地区岩溶地面塌陷分布特征及影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
湖南宁乡大成桥地区至2012年产生岩溶地面塌陷484处。文章通过对地质环境条件及岩溶地面塌陷时空分布特征的分析,总结出本区岩溶地面塌陷的分布特征和影响因素:（1）岩溶发育区发生塌陷428处,占总数的88.5%;冲沟地形中发生岩溶地面塌陷339处,占70%;覆盖层厚度小于10 m区发生塌陷335处,占总数的69.2%;双层结构区发生塌陷266处,占总数的55%,分布密度为7.82处/km2;冲洪积成因土体产生塌陷404处,残积土中产生塌陷80处;(2)岩溶地面塌陷在雨季的4-7月发生281处,占总数的58%;2001-2006年平均每年产生塌陷20处,2007-2012年平均每年产生塌陷54处,逐年增加趋势明显;（3）484处岩溶地面塌陷全部分布在煤炭坝疏干排水形成的降落漏斗范围之内;（4）本区地质环境极为脆弱:岩溶发育,覆盖层厚度较薄、力学性质差且双层结构土广泛分布于冲沟及冲积平原,是产生塌陷的内在因素;矿区疏干排水是主要诱发因素,降雨分布不均、地表水渗漏及河道整治对塌陷产生起促进作用。 相似文献
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基于层次分析法的城市岩溶塌陷危险性评价——以武汉市南部为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
文章依据武汉市岩溶塌陷形成机理及影响因素,选取岩溶发育程度、土层厚度、覆盖层结构、岩溶水水位波动幅度、抽水井影响、工程施工强度等6个评价因子,构建研究区岩溶塌陷危险性层次分析评价模型,对武汉市南部可溶岩分布区183个岩溶塌陷危险性评价单元进行岩溶塌陷危险性综合指数计算,绘制出了研究区岩溶塌陷危险性等级分区图。结果表明,高危险区有3个,主要集中在研究区西北侧青菱乡毛坦港、长征村-光霞村一带;中危险区有92个,主要为第四系中更新统黏土覆盖型岩溶区;低危险区有88个,包括部分覆盖型岩溶区以及所有埋藏型岩溶区。 相似文献
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岩溶山区特殊的地质结构导致崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害时常发生,带来了严重的人员伤亡和经济社会损失。研究岩溶山区崩滑灾害特征,建立相应的变形破坏地质模式,对于岩溶山区崩滑灾害风险防控与治理工程具有重要理论意义与指导价值。文章以典型地质灾害形成演化过程为例,在系统地分析研究区典型崩滑灾害地质背景、影响因素、动力学与运动学特征的基础上,提出了岩溶山区崩滑灾害变形破坏地质模式,得出以下主要结论:（1）影响崩滑成灾基本因素（崩滑灾害体势能、岩溶结构面、岩组结构、斜坡地貌和斜坡结构）、影响因素（水文地质条件、工程活动、地震、降雨）和变形运动特征（运动形式和变形机制）三个方面,据此建立了岩溶山区崩滑灾害地质分类指标体系。（2）结合研究区特征对模型体系里面的每个要素进行系统分析,崩滑灾害的发生是各个要素相互组合、相互作用的结果。（3）总结了研究区内5种典型崩滑地质模式:高势能反倾降雨型高速远程滑坡—碎屑流模型、高势能斜倾视向采矿型高速远程崩滑灾害模型、超高势能横向陡倾地震型高速远程滑坡、高势能采矿型高速崩塌—碎屑流模型、低势能差异风化崩塌模型。为后续开展物理模拟、数值模拟、稳定性计算和变形破坏预测等工作奠定基础。下一步将更加深入全面地建立研究区的崩滑灾害模式,并进行崩滑灾害的危险性分级工作。 相似文献