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1.
安庆市怀宁县马山口地区岩溶塌陷的分布特征及形成条件分析 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
安庆市怀宁县马山口地区岩溶塌陷灾害是安徽省大型地质灾害点。在对该区地质环境条件及岩溶塌陷时空分布等分析的基础上,系统总结出了马山口地区岩溶塌陷的形成与分布特征:（1）马山口岩溶塌陷形成始于1987年,盛发于1988-1992年,该高发时段共产生塌陷坑39个,占全区塌陷总数的 43.8 %,特别是1992年,形成的塌陷坑达 24 个,而1993 年以后年均塌陷仅为2.6 个。（2）地貌上塌陷坑主要分布在地势低洼的河漫滩,其次为低丘山坡地貌;在地层岩性上,塌陷坑主要分布在三叠系下统南陵湖组、中统月山组灰岩、大理岩地层中;在水文地质上,塌陷坑主要分布于地下水的降落漏斗范围内,特别集中于地下水主要径流方向和水交替强烈的河谷及地表水与地下水联系密切地段。可溶岩地层的存在、松散覆盖层厚度小（一般在10 m以内）和地下水位频繁波动变化是马山口地区岩溶塌陷产生的必要条件,其中由于矿区疏干排水引起的地下水动力场急剧变化对岩溶塌陷的形成至关重要,是岩溶塌陷发生的主要因素。 相似文献
2.
The effects of karst collapse on the environments in north China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
In this paper, a systematic study was completed on the distribution features and origins of karst collapses in north China.
There are 65 modern karst collapse areas with 1,416 karst collapse pits and 38 paleo–karst collapse areas with 3,654 paleo-collapse
pillars. Modern karst collapses are mainly distributed in the plain region of the east Taihang and Yanshan Mountains and are
concentrated in three zones from the west to the east in this region. The regional distribution features of karst collapses
in north China are controlled by the boundary of the geological tectonics, condition of soluble rock and the extent of human
activities. From the results, three-grade indices have been adopted to establish a classification scheme for karst collapse
in north China. The effects of karst collapses on the environments in north China are summarized using a karst collapse classification
scheme. 相似文献
3.
唐山是我国北方岩溶塌陷地质灾害多发地,1976年唐山大地震以来,岩溶塌陷已发生多起。在分析岩溶发育现状的基础上,描述了该区的岩溶发育特征,进而研究了岩溶塌陷的成因机理。研究认为,采矿活动和过量开采岩溶地下水是造成岩溶塌陷的直接诱因,它直接改变了地下水动力条件,局部形成了水位漏斗;地面建筑物的重力荷载、煤矿透水灾害和地震等将直接导致岩溶塌陷地质灾害的发生。据此提出了较为具体的防治措施。 相似文献
4.
Environmental and engineering problems of karst Geology in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yuan Daoxian 《Environmental Geology》1988,12(2):79-87
Karst terrane is generally regarded as a fragile and vulnerable environment. Its underground drainage system can aggrevate
both drought and flood problems; the lack of filtration in an underground conduit makes waste disposal more difficult; and
the lack of soil cover in bare karstland can enhance deforestation. Moreover, karst terranes are quite often haunted by a
series of engineering problems, such as water gushing into mines or transportation tunnels; leakage from reservoirs; and failure
of building foundations. In China, there are more than 200 cases of karst collapse, which include many thousands of individual
collapse points. Some of these are paleo and natural collapses, but most of them are modern collapses induced by human activities
and they have caused serious damage. Many factors such as geologic structure, overburden thickness and character, lithologic
features of karstified rock, and intensity of karstification are related to development and distribution of modern collapses.
However, China's karst is mainly developed in pre-Triassic, old phase, hard, compact, carbonate rock. Consequently most modern
collapses have occurred only in the overlying soil. So it is understandable that the fluctuation of the water table in the
underlying karstified strata plays an important role in the process of collapse. Nevertheless, there are different explanations
as to how the groundwater activities can induce collapse. 相似文献
5.
以自然诱发的李家村岩溶塌陷群为研究对象,在系统收集区域地质、构造、工程、水文、环境、气象、历史灾害等资料的基础上,结合钻探揭露结果,查明了李家村岩溶塌陷群所在区域地质环境条件和岩溶发育特征,分析了形成过程,并探讨了成因机理。结果表明:（1）李家村岩溶塌陷群所在区域覆盖层为带“天窗”的“隔?透”交替型地质结构、基岩可溶岩砾状灰岩中方解石含量高易溶蚀,为土洞和溶洞形成和发展起到决定性作用;北东向和北西向断裂交叉叠加作用、紧靠西江和存在古河道,为地下水潜蚀强径流和频繁交换提供通道,对岩溶发育起到主导作用;地表水和地下水连通性好有助于降雨诱发岩溶塌陷;（2）李家村岩溶塌陷群的发生过程经过三个阶段:前期水渗气压阶段→中期软化塌陷阶段→后期振动群塌阶段,致塌模式属渗压?重力?软化型。（3）李家村岩溶塌陷群是在特殊的“岩?土?水?气”组合地质环境条件下,由强降雨作用诱发并导致土洞垮塌而引起一连串自然塌陷所形成的。 相似文献
6.
通过对松宜矿区地面塌陷调查研究,按煤层顶板埋深和塌陷成因的不同将其分为浅埋型采空塌陷和深埋型岩溶塌陷,前者系指煤层顶板为栖霞组、茅口组地层区域,在缓坡地带、构造、岩溶发育部位、煤层厚度大的采空区易形成采空塌陷,无序复采、矿柱遭受破坏是主要诱发因素;后者是在矿坑高强度疏排地下水导致地下水位大幅降低,形成以真空吸蚀为主要成因的岩溶塌陷。针对其成因机制,提出了防治建议,对矿区地质环境综合治理具有实际意义。 相似文献
7.
恩口煤矿已关停20年,地下水位已恢复,但地面塌陷灾害时有发生,为了探讨恩口煤矿闭坑后的岩溶塌陷成因机理,总结水位恢复中与恢复后的致塌模型,文章梳理了恩口煤矿区岩溶塌陷的时空分布、土体结构等基本特征,着重于分析煤矿闭矿后岩溶塌陷的发生与地下水位恢复过程的相关性,提出水位恢复中与恢复后2个阶段发生岩溶塌陷的成因机理与致塌模式。第1阶段,主要致塌模式为浮托—软化型,理论模型来源于基坑突涌的产生条件公式,发育地段主要集中在以往塌陷密集分布区,与采矿降水过程中加速土洞的形成相关,塌陷发生的数量明显低于疏干排水过程;第2阶段,致塌模式为潜蚀—失稳型,是指由地下水位在岩土界面自然波动引发的岩溶塌陷,仅零星发生。文章为娄底市进行地质灾害易发性、危险性评价与防治规划,提出科学、经济、可行的防治措施与建议,同时,为湘中类似地区的岩溶塌陷预测与防治区划提供参考。 相似文献
8.
矿坑排水与岩溶地面塌陷的关系 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
浙江省某岩溶矿区南部洼地先后发生6处地面塌陷,引发了当地居民的恐慌。矿区排水是唯一地下水开采活动,为分析塌陷区与矿区之间的水力联系,遂在研究区全面布置地下水监测系统。通过对比分析观测水位、矿坑排水量及当地降雨量数据,探讨地面塌陷与矿区排水之间的关系及其潜在成因。研究表明,研究区岩溶地下水动态变化整体保持一致,受降雨、矿坑排水等综合因素影响。北部矿区和南部洼地存在岩溶连通管道,两者在雨季水力联系微弱、旱季水力联系密切。经长期径流潜蚀作用,〖JP2〗导致区内地面塌陷区灰岩顶板岩溶发育处上覆土层出现土洞,当矿区排水量急剧增大时,南部洼地岩溶水位大幅度下降,使得土洞中出现负压、上覆土层所受浮托力降低、孔隙水与岩溶水补排关系改变,在多种效应共同作用下,土洞最终形成地面塌陷。 相似文献
9.
煤矿(床)水文地质学是研究煤炭资源开发过程中地下水活动规律以及为防止其对采煤工程的不利影响,保护矿区生态环境的一门应用性地质学科,对煤矿安全生产工作具有重要的推动作用。近年来,在保水采煤技术、华北型煤田防治水技术体系、陷落柱发育规律及其治理技术、煤层底板含水层注浆改造保障技术等方面取得了重要进展。随着煤炭开采强度和开采规模的进一步扩大,学科发展面临着诸如老空水及陷落柱探测、矿坑充水条件变化、矿井水患实时评价及治理等重大问题。提出了在学科发展中应优先解决诸如“三高”(高地压、高地温、高水压)地质条件下煤矿突水机理、西部地区煤炭资源开发过程中突水溃砂机理、水资源承载力及其调蓄技术、矿井水资源化及其合理利用研究以及综放开采条件下冒裂带发育规律研究等科学问题。 相似文献
10.
选取山东省岩溶塌陷作为中国北方岩溶塌陷的代表,在对其分布规律进行分析的基础上,总结岩溶塌陷成因机制。研究表明:山东省岩溶塌陷受岩溶发育程度、第四系覆盖层结构厚度、断裂构造及地表水系等多种自然因素制约,分布呈现出规律性;在人为因素方面,岩溶塌陷多发生在地下水位陡升陡降及在基岩顶板波动时期。从力学角度出发,岩溶塌陷成因机制以真空吸蚀作用及潜蚀作用为主,多种作用为辅;从影响因素角度出发,在具备岩溶塌陷基础地质背景的前提下,其成因机制主要包含大气降水诱发成因、过量开采诱发成因、灌溉回渗诱发成因及地表重大工程修建诱发成因四种。 相似文献
11.
岩溶塌陷的类型、成因机制及防治途径──兼论武汉市岩溶塌陷勘查工作要点 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
按岩溶塌陷的类型, 对其成因机制作了分析。在此基础上, 提出了武汉市岩溶塌陷勘查与防治工作要点。 相似文献
12.
湖南宁乡大成桥地区岩溶地面塌陷分布特征及影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
湖南宁乡大成桥地区至2012年产生岩溶地面塌陷484处。文章通过对地质环境条件及岩溶地面塌陷时空分布特征的分析,总结出本区岩溶地面塌陷的分布特征和影响因素:（1）岩溶发育区发生塌陷428处,占总数的88.5%;冲沟地形中发生岩溶地面塌陷339处,占70%;覆盖层厚度小于10 m区发生塌陷335处,占总数的69.2%;双层结构区发生塌陷266处,占总数的55%,分布密度为7.82处/km2;冲洪积成因土体产生塌陷404处,残积土中产生塌陷80处;(2)岩溶地面塌陷在雨季的4-7月发生281处,占总数的58%;2001-2006年平均每年产生塌陷20处,2007-2012年平均每年产生塌陷54处,逐年增加趋势明显;（3）484处岩溶地面塌陷全部分布在煤炭坝疏干排水形成的降落漏斗范围之内;（4）本区地质环境极为脆弱:岩溶发育,覆盖层厚度较薄、力学性质差且双层结构土广泛分布于冲沟及冲积平原,是产生塌陷的内在因素;矿区疏干排水是主要诱发因素,降雨分布不均、地表水渗漏及河道整治对塌陷产生起促进作用。 相似文献
13.
南宁市坛洛镇岩溶塌陷群成因机制分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
岩溶塌陷是岩溶区较为常见的地质灾害,对其成因机制的研究有助于针对性的进行综合防治。为了弄清2012年6月在广西南宁市坛洛镇连续发生的岩溶塌陷的成因及发育机制,在塌陷群发生地区开展了现场调查、地球物理勘探、水文地质工程地质钻探、地下水动态长期监测、岩土样测试等多项工作。结果表明,坛洛岩溶塌陷群是各种不良因素共同作用的产物。其致塌因素主要包括特殊的“水-土-岩”组合及人为活动。研究区地下水位埋深较浅,土体结构以粘性土为主,渗透系数较低且易崩解,地下岩溶极为发育。高强度的人工地下水开采活动是坛洛岩溶塌陷的诱因。深入分析其发育机理,认为塌陷群是渗流潜蚀效应、增荷失托效应和水位波动产生的气压差效应等3个力学效应综合作用下发生的,其致塌模式是重力致塌、潜蚀致塌、真空吸蚀致塌和冲爆致塌等4种模式的相互结合。根据岩溶塌陷的发生顺序推断坛洛镇岩溶塌陷群的发育过程可分为缓慢发育—塌陷诱发—塌陷集中爆发3个阶段,各阶段的主要地质营力有所不同。 相似文献
14.
隐伏碳酸盐岩区第四系松散盖层稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在被第四系松散岩类覆盖的碳酸盐岩分布区，由于地下水动力条件改变（如水源超采、矿山排水、矿坑突水等引起的岩溶水位变化），常引发岩溶塌陷地质灾害。为了解第四系松散堆积物厚度与发生岩溶塌陷的关系，通过综合分析山东省岩溶矿区和供水水源地历年来发生的岩溶塌陷分布规律、形态特征及发生过程等，采用应力平衡法剖析了岩溶塌陷的形成机理与松散盖层的稳定性，为隐伏碳酸盐岩区工程地质勘察和岩溶塌陷防治提供参考依据。 相似文献
15.
我国北方岩溶分布面积广,岩溶泉水资源丰富,是岩溶区工农业及居民生活的优质供水水源。但在全球气候变化和采煤等强烈人类活动的叠加作用下,我国北方岩溶泉水流量衰减,水质恶化,岩溶泉域生态环境功能下降。通过合理、适度的人工干预,强化岩溶大泉的自然恢复机能,并最终实现泉域生态环境修复,是当前我国生态文明建设的先行区和重点领域。论文在分析研究晋祠泉断流原因的基础上,针对性地提出并科学地评估了汾河二库强化渗漏补给、泉域岩溶水关井压采、煤矿区保水限采、近源生态补水和远源河道渗漏补给等一系列措施及预期效果,以期推进晋祠泉域岩溶地下水生态环境得到根本性改善。该研究工作有望对我国北方岩溶大泉的生态修复形成示范效应,为遏制我国岩溶区生态恶化现象提供科学依据。 相似文献
16.
Mechanism of sinkhole formation during groundwater-level recovery in karst mining area,Dachengqiao, Hunan province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zongyuan Pan Xiaozhen Jiang Mingtang Lei Zhende Guan Yuanbin Wu Yongli Gao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(24):799
The Meitanba Coal Mine area in Hunan province, China, had been impacted by severe cover collapse sinkholes since 1982 due to mine dewatering. After the coal mine was closed in February 2015, the groundwater level has increased significantly. A series of sinkholes were recorded in the study area during groundwater-level recovery. Analysis of monitoring results and in-situ investigation indicated that 13 sinkhole collapses were more likely induced by abrupt change of groundwater–air pressure in response to heavy rainfall from March 2015 to July 2016 when the groundwater level increased by as much as 76 m. When the karst conduit was flooded, a relatively sealed environment was formed between saturated sediments and flooded karst conduit. Implosion of entrapped air might have caused the cave roof to collapse followed by surface collapses in a short time. On the other hand, four sinkholes occurred in November 2016 when the groundwater levels were near the soil–bedrock interface at elevations between 52.5 and 58.9 m amsl and the groundwater-level increase was at slower paces. Field measurements indicate that the groundwater-level fluctuation at the soil–bedrock interface could enlarge the soil cavity and accelerate the subsoil erosion process. 相似文献
17.
18.
Palaeo-karst collapse pillars in northern China and their damage to the geological environments 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
According to statistics, there are a total of 39 sites of palaeo-karst collapse pillars in Northern China, as well as 3,650
palaeo-karst collapse pillars. Through an overall survey and analysis of the distribution regularities and formation mechanisms
of palaeo-karst collapse pillars in the northern coal mine regions, this paper found that the rock formation structures, geological
structures, karst characters, underground hydrodynamic conditions of karst and neotectonic movement conditions are basic geological
bases for the formation of karst collapse pillars and rule the distribution of them. Karst collapse pillars apparently have
three south–north regularities in terms of distribution, and they have resulted in severe damages to geological resources
and environment in their distribution areas: mine water inrush causing and coal resources damage and influencing the impounding
of reservoirs as well as the stability of dam sites. Based on the basic geological features of palaeo-karst collapse pillars
in northern China, this paper also introduces the new methods of integrated prospecting of successive approximation to determine
hydraulic conductivity of palaeo-karst collapse pillars. 相似文献
19.
Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model and evaluation of the karst collapse susceptibility in Zaozhuang Region, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Karst collapses in Zaozhuang area are the typical karst collapses induced by groundwater over-pumping in north China, which lead to severe economic loss and negative societal influence. Based on the comprehensive analysis of all natural influencing factors and human influencing factors associated with karst collapse in the Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area, China, this paper establishes karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model by means of fuzzy mathematic method, in which the Quantitative theory method was firstly applied in determination of the factor weights. The karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model with 14 evaluation indicators can be effectively used for quantitative evaluation on the karst collapse susceptibility. So, an analysis and evaluation on the karst collapse susceptibility of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed by means of karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model. The karst collapse area of Zaozhuang region is divided into very high susceptibility area, high susceptibility area, medium susceptibility area and low susceptibility area, which account for about 6.3, 5.2, 10.4 and 78.1 % of the total karst area and the karst collapse susceptibility evaluation map of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed. The results above will be helpful for the strategic planning and decision-making processes associated with exploitation of karst water resources and with prevention and control of karst collapse hazards of this region. 相似文献
20.
昆明市岩溶塌陷发育特征和防治措施 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
昆明市是岩溶塌陷危害较重的城市之一.岩溶塌陷主要集中分布在翠湖一圆通山、金马寺等8个地段,已形成塌陷坑405个,发生时间主要在6-9月,该时段形成的塌陷占全年发生数的73%.岩溶塌陷多发育于地下岩溶发育、松散盖层厚度小于15m、地下水位埋深小于20m的地段.碳酸盐岩岩溶发育、松散盖层厚度较小和水动力条件(降水、地表水和地下水)是昆明市岩溶塌陷产生的必要条件,其中地下水的作用对岩溶塌陷的形成至关重要.昆明市岩溶塌陷机理主要有地下水位升降致塌、地表水下渗致塌和动荷载致塌3种类型.防治方法主要包括避让、合理开采地下水的预防措施和防渗封闭、结构物跨越及地下加固处理的工程措施. 相似文献