共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Lutz Brügmann Lars-Göran Danielsson Bertil Magnusson Stig Westerlund 《Marine Chemistry》1985,16(1):47-60
Lead has been determined in 105 water samples from the north east Atlantic and from the North Sea. Rigorous precautions were applied to avoid contamination during sampling and analysis.Two different analytical methods were used: ASV and AAS. Determinations with ASV were carried out on board, directly after sampling. After two months storage, acidified samples were analysed by AAS after freon dithiocarbamate extraction and nitric acid back extraction. Particulate lead was determined by AAS after an acid digestion.The profiles of lead concentration versus depth show around 160 pM at the surface and around 20 pM at the bottom, both in the Atlantic and in the Norwegian Sea. The shapes of the profiles are different, however, depending on the hydrography of the area sampled. The profiles from the north east Atlantic coincide with a recently published profile from the north west Atlantic. Moreover, these profiles have lead concentrations about a factor of three higher than those in the Pacific.Considering the high lead input to the North Sea, the lead concentrations found there are remarkably low, probably because of scavenging effects in estuaries leading to a short residence time in the water column. The dominant lead input in offshore regions is from the atmosphere. The highest lead levels are found in the northern North Sea, around 300 pM in surface water.In the Atlantic, particulate lead is a minor part of the total lead whereas in the North Sea the particulate fraction is larger, up to 40%. 相似文献
2.
The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were measured at two locations in surface waters of the western North Atlantic. Samples were collected upstream of the research vessel in 1-1 teflon bottles, and in a 30-1 teflon-coated Go-flo bottle. Surface mixed-layer samples were also collected at each location by ship cast using this same Go-flo sampler. A comparison of the three sampling modes shows that all the samples taken with the Go-flo sampler possessed much higher concentrations of zinc (7–10-fold) and lead (2–3-fold) than those collected directly in teflon bottles. No apparent differences were noted at each station in the concentrations of either copper or cadmium among the samples collected by the three different procedures. The measured values for copper and cadmium in these waters are in good agreement with recent reports for the western North Atlantic. 相似文献
3.
An intercomparison study of voltammetric and atomic absorption spectrometric methods for determining cadmium, lead and copper in seawater samples was conducted. The voltammetric approach utilizes differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry using a rotating, glassy carbon, mercury film electrode under conditions developed to minimize contamination sources and to enhance sensitivity for seawater matrices. The atomic absorption approach involves a concentration step using either an organic solvent extraction of metal dithiocarbamate chelates or a Chelex-100 column with detection by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Similar and consistent results were obtained using both methods for the three trace metals studied on a wide range of natural seawater samples. Both methods are comparable in sensitivity for cadmium and copper, however the voltammetric method is better suited for the analysis of lead in seawater because of its enhanced sensitivity and low blank. An advantage of the voltammetric approach is its amenability towards real-time shipboard analysis. 相似文献
4.
Dissolved electroactive concentrations of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in river Rhine and North Sea samples have been measured at natural and lower pH values by differential pulsed anodic stripping voltammetry using a Kemula-type hanging mercury drop electrode. Average concentrations detected in North Sea samples at salinities and their range are (in μgl?1): 3.9 (2.0–7.5) for zinc, 0.23 (0.13–0.31) for cadmium, 0.3 (0.1–0.6) for lead and 0.3 (0.25–0.60) for copper (pH 8.1). The APDC-MIBK extracting/concentrating method, followed by AAS measurement applied to the same samples, resulted in 3.9 (2.0–7.5) for zinc, 0.11 (0.01–0.27) for cadmium, 0.5 (0.2–0.9) for lead and 1.6 (0.7–3.2) for copper. A fraction of the electroactive concentrations at pH 2.7 (6.1 for Zn) is electroactive at pH 8.1. The fractions are 100% for Cd, 20% for Cu, 13% for Pb and 40% for Zn. The remaining fractions are partly composed of organically bound species in solution. The low value for lead may be caused by the presence of particulate lead that is dissolved at low pH.Ionic copper and lead species, added separately to seawater at pH 8.1 are removed from the electroactive form, and taken up in (organic) complexes in the same ratio (at least for copper) as the species already present. Added ionic zinc is not removed within the time scale of the measurements (30 min). North Sea water at the natural pH has a complexing capacity, probably due to the presence of dissolved organic compounds, in a concentration equivalent to 3.10?7M copper. The complexing capacity is zero at pH 2.7. The usual method of standard addition for the determination of electroactive copper and lead concentrations may lead to erroneous results in samples where complexation of this type occurs. 相似文献
5.
Lars-Göran Danielsson 《Marine Chemistry》1980,8(3):199-215
Results of trace-metal analyses of water samples obtained during a cruise with the Soviet R.V. “Akademik Kurchatov” in the Indian Ocean are presented. The determinations were performed on board with atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a two-stage dithiocarbamate—Freon extraction procedure. Trace-metal concentrations found are in the same range as those found recently for similar open-ocean areas by other workers. The values for lead and zinc are probably high due to contamination. Vertical profiles indicate biogenic processes as controlling factors for the increase of cadmium, copper and nickel concentrations with depth. Iron shows an irregular depth distribution as a result of large random variations in concentration. 相似文献
6.
P.W. Balls 《Marine Chemistry》1985,15(4)
Cadmium, lead and copper have been determined in both dissolved and particulate phases for 130 surface-water samples from the coastal zone of Scotland and England in the western North Sea. The concentrations reported are, in general, lower than those published previously for the same area.The distribution of total metal concentration between the dissolved and particulate phases varies for the three elements. The lead distribution is dominated by its associations with particulate material while cadmium shows the reverse behaviour, existing almost totally in the dissolved phase. Copper is intermediate in behaviour, with the dissolved phase generally being dominant.An inverse relationship between salinity and dissolved copper concentration suggests a freshwater origin for this element. It is suggested that sedimentary and/or anthropogenic sources affect dissolved copper concentrations in coastal waters. The dissolved lead distribution reveals plumes of contaminated coastal water. The lead distribution is, however, dominated by associations with particulate material and sediments which produce a sharp concentration gradient close to the coast. The Humber estuary is identified as a significant source of cadmium to the North Sea. 相似文献
7.
Michel Arnac 《Marine Chemistry》1976,4(2):175-187
Concentrations of cadmium, lead and copper have been determined in the lower estuary of the St. Lawrence River during the summer of 1972 (from May to August). Seven sample stations distributed in the estuary have been studied. Analysis measurements have been made using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and are related to the soluble metals. The concentrations of cadmium are low and no important variations occur. Mean analysis of cadmium abundance gives a value of 1.05 μg/l. Similar variations are observed for copper and lead contents with a Cu/Pb ratio which is nearly equal to unity. Average concentrations for all the stations are 3.11 μg/l for copper and 3.48 μg/l for lead. Higher values are measured for copper and lead during the month of May and these are related to the fresh-water inflow arising from the thawing period. The lowest concentrations are observed during the months of June and July and are in correspondence with the spring period of intense primary production. The biologic-dynamic conditions affecting the concentrations of cadmium seem to be different from those affecting copper or lead contents (without considering pollution phenomena). The highest average values for copper and lead have been found on the south shore of the estuary. The values obtained in this work compared favourably with other results gathered in the neighbouring area. 相似文献
8.
P.W. Balls 《Marine Chemistry》1985,17(4):363-378
Cadmium, lead and copper have been determined in both dissolved and particulate phases for 130 surface-water samples from the coastal zone of Scotland and England in the western North Sea. The concentrations reported are, in general, lower than those published previously for the same area.The distribution of total metal concentration between the dissolved and particulate phases varies for the three elements. The lead distribution is dominated by its associations with particulate material while cadmium shows the reverse behaviour, existing almost totally in the dissolved phase. Copper is intermediate in behaviour, with the dissolved phase generally being dominant.An inverse relationship between salinity and dissolved copper concentration suggests a freshwater origin for this element. It is suggested that sedimentary and/or anthropogenic sources affect dissolved copper concentrations in coastal waters. The dissolved lead distribution reveals plumes of contaminated coastal water. The lead distribution is, however, dominated by associations with particulate material and sediments which produce a sharp concentration gradient close to the coast. The Humber estuary is identified as a significant source of cadmium to the North Sea. 相似文献
9.
Copper in a series of samples from the northwestern Atlantic has been determined by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by cobalt—APDC coprecipitation. Samples from a transect across the continental shelf directly off the New York Bight showed a linear relationship between total copper and salinity (31–34‰) and less than 5% of the total copper was detectable by ASV. A slope water station showed less than 9% of the total copper to be ASV detectable in the upper 780m, below which the ASV detectable copper increased to 70% at 3000 m. The Sargasso Sea profiles showed less than 7% ASV detectable copper in the upper 150 m; the fraction of the total copper detected by ASV increased to about 80% of the total copper at greater depths. The reduced availability of copper to the ASV measurement in coastal waters and open ocean surface waters appears to be related to recent contact with waters where biological productivity occurs. 相似文献
10.
中国近岸部分海域海水中金属络合配位体浓度的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用阳极溶出伏安法对黄河口、青岛近海、大亚湾和南海海域海水中的金属络合配位体的浓度进行了测定,同时探讨了其分布规律与相关参量的关系.结果发现:南海海域海水中的金属络合配体的浓度稍高于其他3个海域,且都明显高于大洋水的浓度;在微表层存在富集现象;在垂直分布上表层最大,然后随深度增加而降低,在底层有较大值;各海域配位体的性质呈复杂性;铜的络合配位体浓度大于镉和铅;总的来说与世界其他海域的分布规律是一致的.同时发现铜络合配位体浓度与BOD(生化需氧量)、COD(化学需氧量)、DOC(溶解有机碳)及黏度存在显著的正相关性. 相似文献
11.
WANG Changyou WANG Xiulin WANG Baodong ZHANG Chuansong SHI Xiaoyong ZHU Chenjian 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):73-82
Heavy metal concentrations were measured in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters. Results from a systematic survey in April 2002 to March 2003 indicate that the ranges of the concentrations of dissolved copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in the study waters are 1.01 - 6.86, 0. 10 - 0.39,3.17 - 9.12 and 0.011 - 0. 049 μg/dm^3 , respectively. Similar to zinc, the behavior of dissolved copper was essentially conservative, but high scatter has been observed for high salinity samples, which can be attributed to the decomposition or mineralization of organic matter by bacteria. Dissolved lead may have active behavior with an addition at high salinity. Overall concentrations of dissolved cadmium increase with salinity. The mean values of these dissolved metals calculated for the surface waters were higher than those for the middle and bottom ones. External inputs of dissolved heavy metals to the surface waters were the likely explanation for these higher values. The maximum seasonal average values of dissolved copper and zinc were found in summer, reflecting higher amounts of riverine input in this season. In contrast, the maximum seasonal average values of dissolved lead and copper were found in winter and the lowest ones in summer, respectively, which might be asso- ciated with a combination of low concentration with heterogeneous scavenging. Concentrations of these dissolved metals found for the Changjiang Estuary fall in the range observed for the other estuaries but are noticeably higher than those from uncontaminated rivers, except for cadmium. Compared with observations for the Changjiang Estuary in the last two decades, it is clear that the Changjiang estuarine waters has been contaminated with copper, lead, zinc and cadmium during China＇ s industrialization, but concentrations of them have decreased in the last few years. 相似文献
12.
This paper gives the results of determination of cadmium, lead and copper in interstitial water of the coastal sediment, Seto Inland Sea, Japan by using anodic stripping voltammetry. An aliquot of 4–5 ml interstitial water separated from 30–70 ml of sediment is used for the simultaneous determination of ionic cadmium, lead and copper. No significant differences were observed on the content of trace metals between surface water and interstitial water of the top of the sediment. 相似文献
13.
渤海湾北部海域表层海水的表观铜络合容量 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为给渤海湾北部海域重金属铜环境容量研究提供科学依据，采用阳极溶出伏安法对该海域12个站位表层海水样品的表观铜络合容量(ACuCC)和条件稳定常数(K)以及络合容量指数(CCI)进行了测定和计钟：。得到该海区表层海水的表观铜络合容量在228．0～673．4nmol／L之间，平均值为437．5nmol／L，条件稳定常数对数值(IgK)变化范围在7．41～8．84之间，平均值为7．89，络合容量指数在72．69％～92、92％之间，平均值为82．93％。表明该海域表层海水对重金属铜具有较强的络合能力。 相似文献
14.
Accumulation of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in the tissues of Mytilus edulis planulatus was examined under cyclic conditions of exposure in order to establish whether the rate of accumulation of the metal is proportional to the time exposed to the elevated concentrations. When exposed to a single metal, the accumulation of lead and zinc was directly proportional to the exposure time, but that of copper was not. Under simultaneous exposure to all four metals both lead and cadmium were accumulated in direct proportion to the exposure time, while copper and zinc were not. Accumulation of the three metals cadmium, copper and zinc was influenced by the presence of other metals. 相似文献
15.
Mobilization and transfer of atmospherically transported metals to major suspended particulate matter components in seawater have been studied in a multichamber leaching experiment. Data on the meteorological air mass history, enrichment factors and sequential extraction analysis indicate that the highly polluted marine aerosol samples collected on Helgoland are of anthropogenic origin. A significant fraction of the total cadmium (81%), zinc (58%), copper (41%), and lead (40%) was released in seawater within 1 h. When exposed to the aerosol and artificial suspended particulate matter components for another 100 h, a portion of the released metals ranging from 10 to 60% was readsorbed. Zinc and lead were scavenged by iron/manganese oxides or readsorbed by the aerosol particulates. Of the total scavenged copper portion 67% was bound to phytoplankton cell walls which evidences an ecological impact of the polluted marine aerosols even in the coastal environment. 相似文献
16.
Weakly and strongly bound copper, lead and cadmium have been determined in the dissolved and particulate fractions of water samples from Oslofjord. The differentiation was made possible by using different sequences of filtration, acidification and digestion. The quantitative measurements were done by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Lead was found to be associated mostly with particulate matter, while cadmium was present only in the dissolved fraction. A strong digestion was needed for the determination of total metal. The advantage of pretreating sample bottles and filters with a conditioning solution is illustrated. 相似文献
17.
Seco Pon JP Beltrame O Marcovecchio J Favero M Gandini P 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(1-2):40-45
We investigated the concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc among feather tissues in sexes of Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophrys killed in longliners off Argentina in 2005. We found no different metal concentration with sex for cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc in feathers of adult birds, though there were significant body-size differences between sexes. However, the concentrations of trace metals differed significantly among the type of feather within individual bird. The mean concentrations of copper, iron, and zinc in breast feathers of T.?melanophrys were lower than those reported for the species from Georgias del Sur/South Georgia, the southern Indian Ocean and for other seabirds' worldwide. While cadmium fall within the known range of concentrations for bird feathers lead were not. Our results may be indicating that level of pollution in Patagonia may not be as negligible as previously thought at least for some trace metals. 相似文献
18.
A.S.G. Jones 《Marine Geology》1973,14(2):M1-M9
The concentration of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in the acid-soluble fraction is presented for 86 seabed, 15 beach and 10 river samples of sediments from the southern Cardigan Bay area. Comparative results are presented for 8 samples of the Pleistocene sediments and 6 samples from the Aberystwyth Grits (Silurian) which outcrop along the shore line. The sediments from the Rheidol and Ystwyth rivers are strongly enriched in lead and zinc. The Pleistocene sediments are enriched in cadmium by a factor of 10 with respect to the seabed sediments in this part of Cardigan Bay. 相似文献
19.
渤海中部表层沉积物中重金属赋存相态及来源 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来由于环渤海经济圈的快速发展,渤海接受了来自周边河流、沿岸排污及海上油气开采所产生的大量的重金属等污染物质,使得渤海的生态环境系统面临前所未有的压力。本文采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）对采自渤海中部的25个表层沉积物样品中的Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd等重金属元素的含量和赋存相态进行了分析,探讨了重金属分布规律、污染状况及来源。研究结果表明,Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr在渤海湾的近岸区域和渤海中部泥质区有较高的含量,而Pb和Cd则在整个研究区的含量都较高;表层沉积物中Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr主要以残渣态形式存在,而Pb和Cd则具有较高的非残渣态含量;生态风险评价结果表明该区表层沉积物未受到Co、Ni、Cr的污染,Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd则为未污染-中等程度污染。重金属元素Co、Ni、Cr以自然来源为主,在沉积物中的分布主要受沉积物物质组成的影响,而Cu、Zn、Pb,尤其是Cd,则受到了人类活动的显著影响。黄河沉积物是研究区表层沉积物中重金属的主要来源,影响范围涵盖了本区大部分区域,但在研究区的北端受到滦河来源物质的影响,渤海湾和研究区中部则受到海河物质和大气沉降来源重金属的一定影响。 相似文献
20.
研究了滇池螺蛳(Margarya melanioides)分布和底泥营养成分之间的关系。2013年在滇池87个采样点采集螺蛳和底泥样本,图示分析所有采样点的活的螺蛳数量,确定活螺在滇池中的分布位点及分布密度;选择8个采样点的底泥样本,进行16项营养元素(有机质、磷、氮、锌、铁、锰、镁、钙、铜、钠、钾、砷、汞、铅、镉、铬)含量测定,分析这些样本营养元素的差异。根据这8个采样点中有无螺蛳生长,将8个底泥样本分为两组,采用完全随机设计两样本比较的t检验,结果两组样本间仅铜的含量有统计学差异(P0.05),这可能是由于滇池螺蛳的生长有效富集了重金属铜元素,使有螺区域比无螺区域底泥中铜的含量明显减少。这在一定程度上说明了螺蛳生长与底泥的关系,可为滇池污染防治及螺蛳种群保护提供相关的科学依据。 相似文献