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《福建地质》2020,(2)
天柱山晶洞花岗岩(通称新村岩体)位于长泰朝阳—天柱山一带,新村岩体主要岩性为细粒晶洞花岗岩、中细粒晶洞花岗岩、中粒晶洞花岗岩、似斑状中粒晶洞花岗岩等,晶洞构造较发育。岩石主量元素具富硅、富碱、贫铝、低钙、低镁、高铁镁比、高DI和含水率低的特点。微量元素显示Rb、Th、Nb、Ta、Y、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、U、Pb富集,贫Ba、Sr、Cr、Co、Ni、V、Zr、Eu,而Ba、Sr强烈亏损。稀土元素总量较低,属轻稀土富集型岩石。岩体属高分异铝质A2型花岗岩,对应于后造山型(PA),岩浆属以壳源为主,形成于以造山期后为主的相对稳定板内拉张环境下。岩体的LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(97.50±0.69)Ma,形成于晚白垩世早期。 相似文献
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内蒙古西乌旗石匠山A型花岗岩位于贺根山缝合带内,侵位于早石炭世迪彦庙-白音布拉格蛇绿岩带和下二叠统寿山沟组与大石寨组中,岩性为二长花岗岩。石匠山A型花岗岩富硅(SiO_2=74.18%~77.16%)、富钾(K_2O=4.31%~5.07%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=8.44%~9.16%),贫Al_2O_3、CaO、MgO、TiO_2、P_2O_5、Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P,具有较高的Ga/Al(3.98~6.09)、(Na_2O+K2O)/CaO、K_2O/MgO、TFeO/MgO、Rb/Nb、Y/Nb、Sc/Nb值,稀土元素配分曲线为典型的海鸥式分布,δEu为0.01~0.19,负Eu异常显著,明显不同于I、S和M型花岗岩,为典型的铝质A型花岗岩。在地球化学分类判别图解上,石匠山A型花岗岩显示A_2型后造山铝质花岗岩特征,反映其形成于后造山伸展环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,该花岗岩的侵位年龄为159.8±1.3Ma、143.1±1.3Ma、136.20±0.69Ma,即形成时代为晚侏罗世-早白垩世,揭示贺根山缝合带在晚侏罗世-早白垩世为后造山伸展阶段。 相似文献
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黑龙江省伊春红星地区大地构造上位于布列亚-佳木斯地块和张广才岭造山带结合部位,区内出露晚三叠世碱性花岗岩,其岩石组合为正长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩、含钠闪石、霓石碱性花岗岩。地球化学上,该套岩石具有富硅、富碱,铁镁比值较高,CaO、MgO含量低,富含F、Zr、Nb、Ce、Ga、稀土元素（REE）、Y和Zn等元素,贫Sr、P、Ti,镓铝比值高,轻重稀土分馏显著,具有强的Eu负异常等特点。在花岗岩成因类型判别图解中,它们均投影在A型花岗岩区,结合岩石具有过碱和相对贫铝的化学组成特征,表明它们应属过碱性A型花岗岩。在微量元素蛛网图上,这套岩石表现出较明显的Ba、Sr、P、Ti的负异常,保留有先期“弧”岩浆作用的地球化学印记,其Y／Nb和Y／Ta比值也较高,分别为1．55—3.27和13．5～44．00,在A型花岗岩岩石学亚类判别图解中,它们均投影在产于后造山环境的A2花岗岩区。根据对岩石地球化学的组成及产出地质背景的分析,表明这套岩石应形成于造山期后的张性构造环境。 相似文献
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内蒙古东部央格力雅山岩体岩性为正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩和英云闪长岩。正长花岗岩U-Pb年龄为130.4±1.1Ma,英云闪长岩U-Pb年龄为126.6±3.0Ma、二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为131.6±1.1Ma和130.7±1.5Ma,显示岩体侵位时间为早白垩世。地球化学研究表明,该花岗岩体具有富硅、富碱、贫钙的特征,属准铝质-过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石;稀土元素总量较低、轻重稀土元素分馏明显,(La/Nb)N值在9.14～24.86之间、正Eu异常显著(δEu值为1.03～1.53);微量元素K、La、Sr、Gd等明显富集,Nb、Pr、P、Ti等亏损;大离子亲石元素相对高场强元素富集。岩石分异指数平均为80.63,岩石成因类型属高分异I型花岗岩,岩浆来源于下地壳岩石的部分熔融,形成于伸展环境,与古太平洋板块俯冲作用密切相关。 相似文献
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内蒙古西乌旗努和特早白垩世A型花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
内蒙古西乌旗努和特A型花岗岩位于贺根山缝合带内,侵位于晚石炭世梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩带、中二叠统哲斯组和晚石炭世英云闪长岩中,岩性为正长花岗岩。努和特A型花岗岩富硅、富钾、富碱、贫Al_2O_3、CaO、MgO、TiO_2、P_2O、Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P,具有较高的Ga/Al、(Na_2O+K_2O)/CaO、K_2O/MgO、TFeO/MgO、Rb/Nb、Y/Nb、Sc/Nb值,稀土元素配分曲线为海鸥式分布,δEu值为0.25~0.54,负Eu异常明显,地球化学特征明显不同于I、S和M型花岗岩,为铝质A型花岗岩。在地球化学分类判别图解上,努和特A型花岗岩显示后造山A_2型花岗岩特征,反映其形成于后造山伸展环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明,该花岗岩的侵位年龄为130.4±1.2Ma和130.4±1.4Ma,其形成时代为早白垩世。根据蛇绿岩、俯冲-岛弧型-碰撞型和后造山型岩浆岩的时空分布与演化特征,贺根山缝合带在早白垩世可能处于后造山伸展阶段。 相似文献
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对大兴安岭兴安地块上发现的斯木科北山"低Sr低Yb"花岗岩进行了研究。斯木科北山花岗岩中锆石具有明显的岩浆成因特征,LA--ICP--MS锆石U--Pb测年~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为137. 6±2. 2 Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世早期。全岩主量元素高Si、富碱,低Fe、Ca、Mg,属于准铝质-弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性岩石。微量元素Rb、Th、U、Ce、Zr、Hf富集; Nb、Ta、Sr、Ba、P、Ti亏损;基性相容组分Co、Ni、Cr含量较低,Sr、Yb含量低,为"低Sr低Yb"花岗岩;轻稀土分馏明显,重稀土分馏较弱,中稀土亏损(Yb_N Ho_N);具有弱-中等的Ce/Ce*正异常和弱-中等的Eu/Eu*负异常;表明岩石形成于较强的氧化环境。岩石样品点在Rb-Y+Nb构造环境判别图解中,位于后碰撞花岗岩区;在10 000Ga/Al比值为基础的花岗岩成因类型判别图解中,均投入到A型花岗岩区,暗示其形成于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合造山的后碰撞伸展构造背景。 相似文献
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大兴安岭北部诺敏河地区碱长花岗岩锆石呈自形—半自形短柱状—板状,具有结构清晰的振荡生长环带和较高的Th/U比值(1.10～2.18),指示其为典型岩浆成因锆石。LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究显示岩石形成于早石炭世杜内期(352.9±3.3 Ma)。岩石地球化学研究显示,岩石属于准铝质—弱过铝质高钾钙碱性岩石,富硅(SiO_2=73.25%～77.01%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.72%～9.48%)、富铁(Fe_2O_3=2.06%～2.97%,Fe_2O_3+FeO=2.32%～3.33%),贫镁(MgO=0.08%～0.26%)。根据强烈亏损Sr、Eu、Ba、Ti、P等元素,REE分布曲线为右倾式海鸥型和明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.26～0.31)的岩石地球化学特征,判断碱长花岗岩属于A型花岗岩。锆石~(176)Yb/~(177)Hf值为0.03778～0.133612,~(176)Lu/~(177)Hf值为0.001095～0.004155,~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf值为0.282824～0.282863。对应的锆石U-Pb年龄计算出锆石ε_(Hf)(t)=8.9～10.6,一阶段Hf模式年龄为t_(DM1)=560～658 Ma,两阶段Hf模式年龄t_(DM2 )=815～974 Ma,指示其源于新元古代源岩的部分熔融。与额尔古纳地块早石炭世A型花岗岩的对比表明,在兴蒙造山带东北部古亚洲洋盆的闭合发生在早石炭世;结合内蒙古中部地区古亚洲洋盆闭合时代为晚石炭世,表明古亚洲洋盆的闭合是东早西晚的"剪刀状"发展过程。 相似文献
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《新疆地质》2017,(1)
阿克图约克花岗闪长岩富黑云母,具较高SiO_2(61.53%~67.01%),低里特曼指数(1.8~2.25),富钠贫钾,A/CNK小于1,稀土元素总量中等(∑REE=64.64×10~(-6)~76.12×10~(-6)),弱Eu亏损,富集大离子亲石元素(Th,K,Ba,LREE),亏损HREE和高场强元素(Ti,Ta,Nb,P),Nb/Ta小于1等特征。该岩体为钙碱性系列准铝质花岗闪长岩,并具I型花岗岩特征。岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(329.7±1.9)Ma,早于苏云河含矿岩体,为早石炭世洋壳俯冲背景下的火山弧花岗岩,暗示洋壳闭合时限晚于(329.7±1.9)Ma。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献