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研究区位于洛浦县南部的阿其克乡政府西侧,在野外实地调查和资料收集综合分析整理的基础上,对研究区泥石流灾害的发育特征及形成条件进行了分析。研究结果表明：该泥石流为一坡面泥石流灾害,流域面积6.78 km2,流域内无明显主沟道,呈“长条”形;研究区泥石流可以划分为形成-流通区和堆积区;研究区泥石流形成-流通区松散堆积物总方量为339×104 m3。 相似文献
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天山公路典型溜砂坡防治措施研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
溜砂坡是我国西部山区公路的主要地质灾害之一。由于对溜砂坡的形成发展机理认识不足,目前采用的治理措施不能很好地解决溜砂灾害,有些工程措施反而会加大灾害程度。通过对天山公路沿线溜砂坡的调查研究,以K612＋750～K613＋850段特大溜砂坡群为例,阐述该溜砂坡的最基本特性,分析溜砂坡的成灾机理和危害性特点,并对溜砂坡防治措施进行研究。 相似文献
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川藏公路然乌-鲁朗段泥石流灾害成因分析及定量化分区 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
独特的地质、地形地貌、水文以及气候条件使得川藏公路然乌至鲁朗段各种山地灾害极其发育,尤其以泥石流灾害最为严重。根据前人的成果以及作者的实地调查,认为复杂的地质构造、强烈的地壳运动和河流切割、频繁的地震、丰富的松散堆积物、有利的地形地貌、现代冰川以及丰沛的降雨是研究区泥石流灾害频繁发生的主要原因。为了更有效地进行减灾防灾,采用岩石工程系统方法对研究区对泥石流进行了定量化分区。通过与初步定性泥石流分区以及泥石流灾害的分布情况进行对照,验证了定量泥石流分区的正确性和可行性。 相似文献
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川藏公路中坝段溜砂坡形成与防治对策 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
溜砂坡是斜坡重力侵蚀的一种特殊类型，在特定的地形、地质和气候条件下形成和演化而成的。常对公路、铁路、渠道等线路工程构成严重危害。论文以川藏公路(318国道)西藏境内中坝段为例，从溜砂坡的基本特征、形成与分布规律研究入手，通过现场调查、测试和室内模型试验，研究溜砂坡的形成机理、运动力学特征与防治对策。建立了溜砂坡形成、发生、运动力学模型。提出了封闭砂源区、改变砂坡结构、公路内侧修建挡砂工程和坡面生态快速固砂的防治对策。 相似文献
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基于青藏高速公路某隧道出口溜砂坡的现场勘察、测试及室内试验,通过工程地质分析与相似模型试验,对该溜砂坡的发育特征、影响因素、形成机理进行了探讨,并提出了防治对策。结果表明:该溜砂坡为大型砂粒、碎屑牵引式中强活动溜砂坡;不同颗粒比重条件下溜砂坡的影响因素主要包括含水率、冻融、地震力、工程活动等方面,中砂的天然休止角小于粗砂、砾砂等粗颗粒,含水率与砂粒的天然休止角呈正相关,在含水率达到10%以后影响效果减弱,冻融作用对粗颗粒的休止角影响较大,当含水率达到一定条件后,冻融作用才开始凸显,当含水率增大到一定程度时,冻融对休止角的影响呈减弱趋势,地震力作用在低含水率条件下,作用显著,随着含水率的增加,效果减弱;将溜砂坡划分出了砂源区、溜动区、堆积区三个分区,从力学、运动学角度分析了该溜砂坡的形成、运动与复活全过程;提出了砂源区控制+固砂+排砂综合防护对策。 相似文献
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《古地理学报》2016,(3)
通过对国内外近100多年来山地蚀源区沉积类型的研究成果系统梳理,结合第四系现代沉积的野外考察,根据沉积物是否发生搬运、搬运机制、沉积位置、沉积部位的坡度以及地貌特征等,将山地蚀源区沉积类型划分为残积物、坡积物、坠(崩/塌)积物、山间河流沉积物、洪积物和冲积物等6种类型,各种类型在基本概念及其内涵上存在明显差异。残积物是母岩风化的产物在较平缓的地貌上(3°)形成的原地堆积;坡积物是母岩风化后形成的产物在坡面流水或重力作用下沿着具有一定坡度(3°,但一般不超过30°)的斜坡滑动或滚动至斜坡坡脚(即山麓)形成的堆积物;坠积物是仅在重力作用下以坠落或崩落或崩塌的方式沿着较陡峭的坡地(30°)滑动或滚动至坡脚形成的沉积物;山区河流沉积物是残积物、坡积物和坠积物被坡面流水带到沟谷或山间河道中形成的沉积物;洪积物是洪水期山间洪流携带的大量母岩风化产物在出山口形成的沉积物;冲积物是平水期山间河流携带的大量母岩风化产物在出山口形成的沉积物。此外,山地蚀源区还存在滑坡、滑塌、泥石流等几种重力流沉积物。 相似文献
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甘肃省舟曲特大泥石流的遥感影像特征及古泥石流遥感识别的地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2010年舟曲特大泥石流是舟曲地区第四纪以来泥石流最新暴发期内强烈活动的体现,所造成的人员伤亡及财产损失堪称世界泥石流灾害史之最。准确分析该地区泥石流的空间分布规律及预测未来泥石流暴发时间可为泥石流的防灾救灾提供科学的依据,其首要任务就是利用一种先进技术对不同时期的泥石流堆积物的空间分布进行快速、准确的识别。遥感技术具有数据获取量大、空间分辨率高及快速等方面的独特优势,可在舟曲特大泥石流及不同时期古泥石流堆积物识别中发挥重要作用。在高分辨率的航空遥感影像上,舟曲特大泥石流具有明显的光谱特征,可用于准确圈定泥石流灾害的范围;泥石流堆积物在沟谷两侧形成的侧碛堤及在堆积区末端形成的扇形地等形态特征也是识别泥石流的另一个重要标志。舟曲县城东南瓦厂村南及马莲坪村西南白龙江支流沟中的垄岗状堆积物和沟口处的扇形地堆积体在光学遥感影像上具有典型的古泥石流堆积的形态特征,雷达遥感的后向散射系数对比分析和对堆积物剖面的沉积特征分析也证明古泥石流的存在。研究结果表明,通过多期次、多空间分布的现代和古泥石流的对比,不仅可以揭示舟曲地区第四纪以来泥石流发育历史并间接反映地质尺度上气候变化特点,还可为未来泥石流的易发性分析提供数据支撑,因此泥石流堆积物的遥感直接识别具有重要的地质意义。 相似文献
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通过对国内外近100多年来山地蚀源区沉积类型的研究成果系统梳理,结合第四系现代沉积的野外考察,根据沉积物是否发生搬运、搬运机制、沉积位置、沉积部位的坡度以及地貌特征等,将山地蚀源区沉积类型划分为残积物、坡积物、坠(崩/塌)积物、山间河流沉积物、洪积物和冲积物等6种类型,各种类型在基本概念及其内涵上存在明显差异。残积物是母岩风化的产物在较平缓的地貌上(<3°)形成的原地堆积;坡积物是母岩风化后形成的产物在坡面流水或重力作用下沿着具有一定坡度(>3°,但一般不超过30°)的斜坡滑动或滚动至斜坡坡脚(即山麓)形成的堆积物;坠积物是仅在重力作用下以坠落或崩落或崩塌的方式沿着较陡峭的坡地(>30°)滑动或滚动至坡脚形成的沉积物;山区河流沉积物是残积物、坡积物和坠积物被坡面流水带到沟谷或山间河道中形成的沉积物;洪积物是洪水期山间洪流携带的大量母岩风化产物在出山口形成的沉积物;冲积物是平水期山间河流携带的大量母岩风化产物在出山口形成的沉积物。此外,山地蚀源区还存在滑坡、滑塌、泥石流等几种重力流沉积物。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献