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1.
The performance‐based design of lifeline systems requires spatially variable seismic excitations at the structures' supports that are consistent with prescribed seismic ground motion characteristics and an appropriate spatial variability model—such motions can be obtained through conditional simulation. This work revisits the concept of conditional simulation and critically examines the conformity of the generated motions with the characteristics of the target random field and observations from data recorded at dense instrument arrays. Baseline adjustment processing techniques for recorded earthquake accelerograms are extended to fit the requirements of simulated and conditionally simulated spatially variable ground motions. Emphasis is placed on the use of causal vs acausal filtering in the data processing. Acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories are evaluated in two example applications of the approach. The first application deals with a prescribed synthetic time history that incorporates nonstationarity in the amplitude and frequency content of the motions and depends on earthquake magnitude, source–site distance and local soil conditions; this example results in zero residual displacements. The second application considers as prescribed time history a recording in the vicinity of a fault and yields nonzero residual displacements. It is shown that the conditionally simulated time histories preserve the characteristics of the prescribed ones and are consistent with the target random field. The results of this analysis suggest that the presented methodology provides a useful tool for the generation of spatially variable ground motions to be used in the performance‐based design of lifeline systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
In this study, a three dimensional finite element (FE) model of the Vincent Thomas bridge is developed using a widely used software. In order to show the appropriateness of the model, the eigenproperties of the bridge model are evaluated and compared with the results of system identification from ambient vibration and the 2008 Chino Hills earthquake response data. A new simulation technique is developed to generate spectrum-compatible spatial variable ground motions. The response of Vincent Thomas bridge under spatially varying ground motion is evaluated by nonlinear time history analysis. Using spatially variable motions, it is found out that the response in some locations on the bridge girder, may be under-predicted even if the motion with maximum intensity is uniformly applied at all supports. 相似文献
3.
Response spectrum analysis for non-classically damped linear system with multiple-support excitations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A new response spectrum method, which is named complex multiple-support response spectrum (CMSRS) method in this article,
is developed for seismic analysis of non-classically damped linear system subjected to spatially varying multiple-supported
ground motion. The CMSRS method is based on fundamental principles of random vibration theory and properly accounts for the
effect of correlation between the support motions as well as between the modal displacement and velocity responses of structure,
and provides an reasonable and acceptable estimate of the peak response in term of peak seismic ground motions and response
spectra at the support points and the coherency function. Meanwhile, three new cross-correlation coefficients or cross covariance
especially for the non-classically damped linear structures with multiple-supports excitations are derived under the same
assumptions of the MSRS method of classically damped system. The CMSRS method is examined and compared to the results of time
history analyses in two numerical examples of non-classically damped structures in consideration of the coherences of spatially
variable ground motion. The results show that for non-classically damped structure, the cross terms representing the cross
covariance between the pseudo-static and dynamic component are also quite small just as same as classically damped system.
In addition, it is found that the usual way of neglecting all the off-diagonal elements in transformed damping matrix in modal
coordinates in order to make the concerned non-classically damped structure to become remaining proportional damping property
will bring some errors in the case of subjected to spatially excited inhomogeneous ground motion. 相似文献
4.
Pounding between adjacent bridge structures with insufficient separation distance has been identified as one of the primary causes of damage in many major earthquakes. It takes place because the closing relative movement is larger than the structural gap provided between the structures. This relative structural response is controlled not only by the dynamic properties of the participating structures but also by the characteristics of the ground excitations. The consequence of the spatial variation of ground motions has been studied by researchers; however, most of these studies were performed numerically. The objective of the present research is to experimentally evaluate the influence of spatial variation of ground motions on the pounding behaviour of three adjacent bridge segments. The investigation is performed using three shake tables. The input spatially varying ground excitations are simulated based on the New Zealand design spectra for soft soil, shallow soil and strong rock using an empirical coherency loss function. Results confirm that the spatially nonniform ground motions increase the relative displacement of adjacent bridge girders and pounding forces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
This article presents a simple and effective method for generating across-fault seismic ground motions for the analysis of ordinary and seismically isolated bridges crossing strike-slip faults. Based on pulse models available in the literature, two simple loading functions are first proposed to represent the coherent (long-period) components of ground motion across strike-slip faults. The loading functions are then calibrated using actual near-fault ground-motion records with a forward-directivity velocity pulse in the fault-normal direction and a fling-step displacement in the fault-parallel direction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing time history responses and seismic demands of ordinary and seismically isolated bridges obtained from nonlinear response history analyses using the actual ground-motion records and the calibrated loading functions. A comprehensive methodology is also presented for selecting the input parameters of the loading functions based on empirical equations and practical guidelines. Finally, an analysis procedure for bridge structures crossing strike-slip faults is introduced based on the proposed method for generating across-fault ground motions and the parameter selection methodology for the loading functions. 相似文献
6.
我国西部部分连续刚构桥临近地震断层建设,在抗震分析时通常会忽略断层走向与桥梁纵桥向夹角对其地震反应的影响。利用Midas Civil软件建立4座墩高不同的大跨度连续刚构桥模型,选取10组近断层强震记录进行时程分析,研究断层走向对刚构桥地震反应(位移和弯矩反应)的影响。结果显示：在水平双向近断层地震动输入下,桥梁主墩及主梁纵桥向地震反应在断层走向与纵桥向夹角为75°～135°范围内最大,而横桥向最大地震反应则发生在夹角为0°～30°或120°～180°范围;在三向近断层地震动输入下,与仅考虑水平双向地震动输入下的桥梁地震反应相比,竖向地震动对主梁竖向弯矩响应的影响较大,特别是主墩和主梁的交界处,增大比例可达2倍及以上。就文章选取的4座桥梁算例,不考虑断层走向和桥梁纵桥向的夹角则存在低估桥梁地震反应的可能,低估误差在15%～40%左右。 相似文献
7.
This paper presents a theoretical nonstationary stochastic analysis scheme using pseudo-excitation method (PEM) for seismic analysis of long-span structures under tridirectional spatially varying ground motions, based on which the local site effects on structural seismic response are studied for a high-pier railway bridge. An absolute-response-oriented scheme of PEM in nonstationary stochastic analysis of structure under tridirectional spatial seismic motions, in conjunction with the derived mathematical scheme in modeling tridirectional nonstationary spatially correlated ground motions, is proposed to resolve the drawbacks of conventional indirect approach. To apply the proposed theoretical approach readily in stochastic seismic analysis of complex and significant structures, this scheme is implemented and verified in a general finite element platform, and is then applied to a high-pier railway bridge under spatially varying ground motions considering the local site effect and the effect of ground motion nonstationarity. Conclusions are drawn and can be applied in the actual seismic design and analysis of high-pier railway bridges under tridirectional nonstationary multiple excitations. 相似文献
8.
9.
为研究不同加固方式对钢筋混凝土(RC)圆截面桥墩抗震性能的影响,利用OpenSees有限元软件建立了普通RC桥墩以及分别采用钢套管、碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)、体外预应力筋进行加固的桥墩数值分析模型,对模型输入远断层地震动,进行增量动力分析。以墩顶峰值位移角与震后残余位移角为指标,对比分析了桥墩加固前后的地震响应。结果表明:采用钢套管、体外预应力筋和CFRP加固后,RC桥墩的峰值位移与震后残余位移均减小,钢套管加固方式对桥墩峰值位移的降低幅度最大,体外预应力筋加固方式对抑制桥墩震后残余位移的效果最好;随着剪跨比的增大,3种加固方式对桥墩在地震动作用下位移响应的抑制作用均逐步减小;随着轴压比的增大,3种加固方式对RC桥墩峰值位移的抑制作用逐步降低。 相似文献
10.
作为一种特殊的地震动,长周期地震动对结构的危害已引起国内外学者的关注。选取10条KiK-net、K-NET台网中典型的长周期地震动,以及10条国内外的短周期地震动,对比分析两者时程特征和反应谱特征的差异。将所选长、短周期地震动输入钢框架结构模型;通过非线性时程分析,研究钢框架结构在长、短周期地震动作用下的响应差异。结果表明：短周期地震动的平均地面峰值加速度是长周期地震动的3.26倍,而平均地面峰值位移比长周期地震动低10.89%;短周期地震动作用下,钢框架结构顶点加速度响应平均值是长周期地震动的5.16倍,结构顶点位移响应平均值仅比长周期地震动多0.91%;长周期地震动作用下,钢框架结构层间位移角响应较大,结构底部受影响范围更广。对于长周期地震动隐患地区的高层钢框架结构,应对长、短周期震害分别进行考虑;对于中、长周期钢框架结构,建议选用峰值位移作为抗震分析指标。 相似文献
11.
The spatial variability of input ground motion at supporting foundations plays a key role in the structural response of cable-stayed bridges (CSBs); therefore, spatial variation effects should be included in the analysis and design of effective vibration control systems. The control of CSBs represents a challenging and unique problem, with many complexities in modeling, control design and implementation, since the control system should be designed not only to mitigate the dynamic component of the structural response but also to counteract the effects of the pseudo-static component of the response. The spatial variability effects on the feasibility and efficiency of seismic control systems for the vibration control of CSBs are investigated in this paper. The assumption of uniform earthquake motion along the entire bridge may result in quantitative and qualitative differences in seismic response as compared with those produced by uniform motion at all supports. A systematic comparison of passive and active system performance in reducing the structural responses is performed, focusing on the effect of the spatially varying earthquake ground motion on the seismic response of a benchmark CSB model with different control strategies, and demonstrates the importance of accounting for the spatial variability of excitations. 相似文献
12.
Two practical approaches, response spectrum and time-history methods, are developed to evaluate the response of flexible multi-degree-of-freedom (MDF) systems, notably long-span bridges, to multiple-support seismic excitations. For practical convenience, ground motions within a group of adjacent supports on continuous soil or rock are assumed to be uniform and synchronized, while those of different groups are treated as non-uniform and uncorrelated. The response spectrum analysis is extended to include the cross-correlation of modal responses, which prove important when closely spaced modal frequencies exist. An example of the significance of multiple-support excitations is illustrated by application to a suspension bridge. Qualitatively comparable effects can be expected for other bridges of similar type or dimensions. 相似文献
13.
四渡河大跨悬索桥空间地震响应分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
非一致激励输入对大跨结构响应有着较大影响。本文以四渡河悬索桥为背景,首先根据该桥动力特性对规范反应谱进行调整,基于修正反应谱并考虑相位非平稳性合成地震动位移;然后编制了调索程序来确定有限元模型的初始平衡构型;采用时程法,分别分析了在纵桥向、横桥向以及竖向的非一致激励(行波输入、多点输入)下的悬索桥地震响应。计算结果表明,纵向非一致激励输入增大了悬索桥的地震响应,横向、竖向非一致激励输入的影响有增有减。 相似文献
14.
The study aims at investigating the structural behavior of the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Suspension Bridge, i.e. the second Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey, under multi-point earthquake excitations, and determining the earthquake performance of the bridge based on the results obtained from this analysis. For this objective, spatially varying ground motions in triple direction were produced for each support of the bridge considering the Mw=7.4 scenario earthquakes on the main Marmara Fault. In order to simulate the ground motions, modified stochastic finite-fault technique was utilized. Taking the ground motions into account, non-linear time-history analysis was carried out, and the results obtained from the analysis were compared to those from uniform support earthquake excitation to identify the effects of multi-point earthquake excitations on the seismic performance of the bridge. From the analysis, it was determined that modal response of the towers and the deck was mostly effective on dynamic response of the entire bridge rather than other structural elements, such as cable and approach viaduct. Compared to the results obtained from simple-point earthquake excitation, noticeable axial force increase in the cable elements was obtained under multi-point earthquake excitation. The changes at the main cable and the side span cable were determined as 21% and 18%, respectively. This much increase in the cable elements led to increase in axial force at the towers and in shear force at the base section of the tower column. These changes in the structural elements were closely related to response of the deck and the towers since they had considerable contribution to response of the entire bridge. Based on the findings from the study, spatially varying ground motions has to be considered for long span suspension bridges, and the multi-support earthquake analysis should be carried out for better understanding and obtaining reliable results necessary for retrofitting and performance evaluation. 相似文献
15.
Investigation of ‘equal displacement’ rule for bridges subjected to differential support motions 
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下载免费PDF全文 The ‘equal displacement’ rule is employed in seismic design practice to predict inelastic displacements from analyses of the corresponding linear elastic structural models. The accuracy and limitations of this rule have been investigated for ordinary structures but not for bridges subjected to spatially varying ground motions. The present study investigates this rule for moderate levels of inelastic behavior for four highway bridges in California accounting for the effects of spatial variability of the support motions due to incoherence, wave passage and differential site response. The bridge models vary significantly as to their fundamental periods and their overall configurations. Statistical analyses of pier‐drift responses are performed using as input simulated arrays of nonstationary ground motions in accordance with prescribed coherency models. It is found that the ‘equal displacement’ rule is fairly accurate for cases when the fundamental period of the bridge is longer than the transition period between the acceleration‐controlled and velocity‐controlled ranges of the response spectrum. Otherwise, the rule is non‐conservative for cases with large ductility factors and conservative for cases with small ductility factors. Wave passage and incoherence tend to reduce ratios of mean peak inelastic to elastic pier drifts, whereas incorporation of the differential site‐response effect by locating piers on softer soils tends to increase the same ratios. Mild or moderate positive correlation between these ratios and ductility demands is observed in most cases. Effects of spatial variability are more pronounced for longer and stiffer bridges. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
为探讨“最不利地震动”概念在地下结构抗震设计中的适用性,以软土地铁区间隧道为对象建立相应的地层-结构动力分析模型。以直径变形率为分析指标,基于动力时程方法研究18条不同输入地震动作用下隧道结构动力响应的分布及差异性,得出基于隧道地震响应的输入地震动排序,并通过调幅手段对比分析了地面峰值加速度（PGA）和隧道埋深变化对隧道结构地震动响应排序的影响规律。最后,评价了不同输入地震动参数,包括峰值加速度、峰值速度、峰值位移、绝对累积速度（CAV）和阿里亚斯（Arias）强度（IA）与隧道地震响应之间的相关性。分析结果表明:① 随着PGA从0.5 m/s2增加到2 m/s2,地震动排序发生明显变化,并且不同输入地震动引起的隧道地震响应差异显著提高,最不利地震动引起的直径变形率与平均值的比值从1.1增加到1.9;② 隧道从浅埋到深埋的过程中,地震动排序结果基本保持不变;③ PGA为2 m/s2时,隧道地震响应与基岩面峰值速度（PBV）的相关性最好,相关系数达到0.94,其次是与基岩面峰值位移（PBD）和IA,相关系数分别为0.62和0.48,相关性最差的是基岩面峰值加速度（PBA）和CAV,相关系数仅为0.37和0.22。研究结论可为今后软土隧道的输入地震动选择提供科学依据。 相似文献
17.
针对斜交桥在破坏性地震中发生破坏和损伤的突出问题,采用铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)进行隔震和滞回耗能。基于OpenSees平台建立了不同斜度的传统非隔震和全桥采用LRB隔震的4跨斜交连续梁桥动力分析模型,沿2个水平方向输入远场地震动和具有向前方向性效应、滑冲效应以及无速度脉冲效应的近断层地震动,并进行非线性时程计算,研究桥墩和挡块的损伤状态、主梁旋转度、碰撞力与斜交桥斜度的关系以及LRB对斜交桥抗震性能的影响。结果表明:向前方向性效应和滑冲效应的脉冲型地震动作用下的斜交桥地震反应和损伤明显大于无速度脉冲近断层和远场地震动作用; 采用LRB隔震后,明显降低了固定墩的地震损伤,桥墩位移减震率可达到50%以上; LRB隔震桥主梁与挡块的间隙宜结合桥梁的地震风险和设计位移进行确定。 相似文献
18.
本文以一座三跨总长60 m的整体桥为案例桥,分别试设计了同跨径的半整体桥、延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥。通过Midas/Civil软件建立四种桥型的有限元模型,并对其进行了E1和E2反应谱分析和时程分析,对比了四种桥型的结构反应峰值（墩顶位移、桥墩及桩基剪力与弯矩、台底位移、桥台桩基剪力与弯矩）。计算结果表明:当桥梁存在15°的斜交角,整体桥、半整体桥在地震动沿平行于桥台长边方向及其垂直方向输入时更不利,而延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥在地震动沿顺桥向和横桥向输入时更不利。四种桥型在地震作用下:整体桥抗震性能最优异,但其台底位移、桥台桩基的剪力和弯矩最大;半整体桥台底位移、桥台桩基的剪力和弯矩最小,其墩顶位移、桥墩及桩基的剪力和弯矩仅比整体桥大;延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥的墩-梁相对位移远大于整体桥和半整体桥,不适用于地震基本烈度高的区域。 相似文献
19.
基于多自由度空间结构体系地震响应分析的基本理论,利用ANSYS建立空间有限元模型,采用动力时程分析法分析某大跨度连续钢桁架柔性拱桥在一致和非一致激励作用不同地震工况下的空间地震响应。研究结果表明:非一致激励作用下,拱肋轴力、主桁弯矩峰值出现在拱脚和边墩附近;地震波组合输入较其单向输入拱脚轴力和面内弯矩最大分别可达1.28和8.32倍;非一致输入较一致激励作用拱脚轴力和面内弯矩分别可达2.5和8.4倍;地震波横向输入较纵向输入横向位移峰值比可达2.4倍,纵向输入较横向输入纵向位移峰值比可达2.6倍;结构的支座形式对结构构件地震响应结果也有一定影响;建议大跨度钢桁拱桥抗震设计应充分考虑地震波的空间和时间效应。 相似文献