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深水海底管道S型铺设参数敏感性分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以深水海底管道S型铺管法为研究对象,运用悬链线理论建立管道的静平衡微分方程,通过理论分析给出了迭代求解管道整体形态的数值计算方法,并开发相应的计算分析程序,分析了不同参数对张紧器张力和管道极限铺设水深的影响.结果表明,随着管道铺设水深、管径和壁厚、混凝土配重层厚度的增加,所需张紧器张力明显增大;当托管架底部倾角较大时,控制应变越大管道所需张力越小;当托管架底部倾角较小时,管道初始倾角越大、托管架半径越小管道所需张力越小.此外,管道的浮重度、托管架长度和半径、张紧器张拉能力、管道初始倾角对极限铺设水深有着重要的影响. 相似文献
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《海洋技术学报》2023,(3)
深海中蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,深海采矿船是深海采矿的重要装备,通过动力定位系统控制采矿船的海上位置,动力定位系统由若干推进器组成。采矿船在海上受到风浪流作用,推进器一旦失效极易发生采矿船运动失控等安全事故,本文研究推进器不同失效方式下动力定位性能,分析推进器不同失效方式动力定位功能的损失。根据势流理论计算波浪载荷,数值模拟深海采矿船不同位置的单个推进器失效和多个推进器失效方式下的时域运动响应,对比各种失效方式对深海采矿船纵荡、横荡、艏摇三个自由度运动的影响,分析各种失效方式对剩余推进器推力的影响。研究结果表明：采矿船空载90°浪向,推进器不同失效模式对于纵荡运动影响远小于对横荡和艏摇运动影响,船艉单推进器失效对于纵荡和艏摇动力定位的影响大于两个推进器失效影响;对于采矿船多自由度运动动力定位两个推进器失效大于单推进器失效影响;一侧两个推进器或两侧推进器同时失效,对动力定位的影响相同,对于横荡运动的影响最大。本文揭示了深海采矿船推进器失效对于采矿船运动的影响程度和机理,对于深海采矿船的安全作业具有指导意义。 相似文献
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采用CFD方法模拟船体纵横摇工况下船舶海面风测量过程,分析船体、上层建筑造成的气流畸变以及船体摇摆对海面风测量数据偏差的影响规律,利用海上实船实验数据对仿真结果进行验证,结果表明:考虑船体摇摆工况的仿真结果更接近实验数据;船体、上层建筑对海面气流的影响不可忽略,仅通过船体姿态校正相对风测量数据是不充分的;船体纵横摇工况下测风点处平均相对风速偏差不仅与迎风角度有关,还与海况有关。随着相对风速增大,同一迎风角度条件下的平均相对风速偏差趋于稳定,船体周围瞬态气流场在时间平均后呈现雷诺数无关性。 相似文献
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随着海洋科学技术的发展和人类对于海洋油气资源认识的不断增加,海洋油气资源的开发从近海走向远海。作为海洋油气运输主要方式的海洋管道,其铺设问题成为焦点。常见海洋管道工程铺设方法为:拖曳铺设、卷筒铺设、J型铺设、S型铺设。通过引入先进的国际海洋工程软件OrcaFlex并结合国内外关于海洋管道铺设的工程手册及相关规范、标准,如DNV、API、AWS等,实时模拟研究S型海洋管道铺设过程。结合作者工作经历及实际海洋铺管工程背景算例分析,研究铺管上弓段接触点、悬垂段及触底段在铺设过程中的各自静力、动力特性。对海洋管道S型铺设过程中应该注意的一些有关设计、工艺和HSE低成本安全高效铺设等方面提出几点有用的意见。 相似文献
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本文对具有动力定位深海采矿船高海情下的运动响应及运动特性开展研究。针对具有6个推进器构成的动力定位系统,考虑高海情及空载和满载两种典型工况,基于推力最小和运动最小条件,应用卡尔曼滤波器结合线性二次型最优控制理论的控制算法优化推力,进行动力定位系统的参数整定,实时优化调整推力的方向和大小,计算采矿船高海情下的运动和推力的时间历程响应和分析运动特性。经计算,得到了深海采矿船空载和满载工况在高海情下实施海上定位的浪向及需要的推力大小,确定了采矿船动力定位系统在高海情下的适应性,评估了高海情下深海采矿船的定位能力。 相似文献
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锚泊辅助动力定位系统是一种将锚泊定位与动力定位结合起来的新型定位方式。对该系统的艏向控制模式进行了研究。在该模式下,控制系统将只对平台的艏向运动施加约束。同时对平台在该模式下的定位进行了时域模拟,并与锚泊定位和水平面三自由度均施加约束的全定位模式进行了对比。结果表明,在一般海况下,相比锚泊定位,该定位模式能显著提高平台的艏摇控制精度;相比全定位模式,该定位模式消耗的功率更小、更经济。艏向控制模式是锚泊辅助动力定位系统的一种工作模式,在相应海况条件下采取该定位模式,能够实现精确和经济的定位。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献