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珊瑚礁破碎带附近波浪演化和波生流实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究珊瑚岸礁破碎带附近波浪演化和波生流特性,通过水槽实验对规则波浪作用下珊瑚岸礁上沿礁分布的水位和流速进行了详细的测量。在典型卷破波条件下,测试了礁冠存在与不存在的两种情况。实验结果表明,多重波浪反射作用引起岸礁上形成不完全驻波,而破碎带附近的浅化作用则产生高次谐波,波浪破碎所耗散的波能主要来源于主频波,礁坪上透射波成分中二次谐波与主频波的能量相当;礁冠的存在引起破碎带宽度减小、礁坪上增水变大以及礁坪上各次谐波变小;礁冠不存在时,岸礁上波生流的沿礁分布与平直海岸相似,而礁冠的存在一定程度上阻碍了礁坪上水体向外海的回流。研究成果将丰富和发展珊瑚礁水动力学理论,并为岛礁工程的建设和维护提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
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海南岛三亚滨珊瑚生长率特征及其与环境因素的关系 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
海南岛三亚不同珊瑚岸礁区两个不同生长年取滨珊瑚样品的生长率具有明显的季节变化特点，冬季生长率低，春季至秋季生长率高，并获取了滨珊瑚的季节生长率时间变化序列，珊瑚生长率与主要环境因素的对比表明，滨珊瑚的生长率主要与海水温度相关，而与降水和日照时数的相关性不明显，春季和夏季的生长率与冬季和早春（12～3月）的海水温度相关，其他季节的生长率与海水温度的季节变化关系不明显，初步认为低海水温度及三亚岸礁区浓珊瑚季节生长率变化的主要环境控制因素之一。 相似文献
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雷州半岛徐闻西南海岸发育中国陆地最南端的珊瑚岸礁,这也是目前陆地海岸仅存的珊瑚岸礁.该区域内现生石珊瑚以滨珊瑚、蜂巢珊瑚、鹿角珊瑚、角蜂巢珊瑚、蔷薇珊瑚、扁脑珊瑚、牡丹珊瑚等为优势种,礁栖生物主要以软体动物和节肢动物为主,构成鹿角珊瑚-蜂巢珊瑚-滨珊瑚群落.根据珊瑚生态特征和礁坪发育的地貌特征,可以把徐闻灯楼角岸礁从岸... 相似文献
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雷州半岛灯楼角珊瑚礁初步观察 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
雷州半岛西南岸的珊瑚礁，是唯一的中国大陆沿现代珊瑚礁，本文报道了对雷州半岛西南端灯楼角地区的珊瑚礁的观察结果，本区地处琼州海责和北部湾的会合点，属热带北缘大陆沿海水环境，本区珊瑚礁是冰后期海侵以来形的，分为岸礁和离岸礁两类，厚度一般为1－3m，宽度约500－1000m，构成原生礁 中的优势种为角孔珊瑚（Goniopora)，现在造礁石珊瑚主要有滨珊瑚（Porites)，峰巢瑚（Favia)和鹿角珊瑚（Acropora)等11属，西岸的表瑚生长比东岸的好，本区岸礁的生态分带为；（1）内礁坪光滩带；（2）外礁坪珊瑚生产烯疏带，（3）礁前水下斜坡上部珊瑚林带，本区珊瑚资源已开发和人为破坏严重，亟待进行科学调查研究，管理和保护。 相似文献
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珊瑚岸礁破碎带附近波浪演化实验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过波浪水槽实验对珊瑚岸礁破碎带附近波浪演变规律开展研究,实验采用了概化的岸礁模型,测试了4种礁坪水深、4种礁前斜坡坡度和一系列入射波高的组合工况。对破碎带宽度和破碎带附近波浪的入射、反射、透射以及能量耗散进行了测量分析,透射波的计算考虑了礁坪上高次谐波的影响。结果表明:礁坪水深和入射深水波高的比值(即礁坪相对水深)是影响岸礁破碎带附近波浪演化的关键参数,而礁前斜坡坡度的影响在本文测量的范围内可以忽略不计。破碎带宽度与礁坪上浅水波波长为同一数量级,并与礁坪相对水深成反比;透射系数随礁坪相对水深的增大呈线性增长,而反射系数的变化却无类似规律;岸礁能够削弱超过50%入射波能,礁坪相对水深越小,波浪破碎造成的能量耗散越大。 相似文献
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北部湾涠洲岛地貌的基本特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
涠洲岛由第四纪玄武岩浆喷发时在水下堆积而形成。该岛经受长期的地质作用和演变过程，形成了各种各样的地貌类型。据调查、分析，该岛地貌可分为火山地貌、流水地貌、海蚀地貌、海积地貌、珊瑚岸礁地貌、海积一冲积地貌、重力地貌、人工地貌等八大类型。其中，海蚀地貌、海积地貌、珊瑚礁地貌，火山遗迹地貌等较为明显。岛的南部沿岸海蚀地貌发育，海蚀崖高达30～50m，海蚀平台宽20～70m，有35个大小不等海蚀洞。岛的北部沿岸海成沙堤十分发育，呈条带状、牛轭状分布，长100～2000m，宽40～700m。按其形成的年代，形态，结构及空间分布特征分为老、中、新沙堤。老沙堤形成于距今6900-4000a前，中沙堤形成于距今3100-2200a前，新沙堤形成于距今2000～1200a前。岛屿北部、东部沿岸珊瑚岸礁相当发育，礁坪宽400～1025m，珊瑚生长带宽200～660m；西南部发育较差，礁坪宽20～475m，珊瑚生长带宽50～215m。南部沿岸没有珊瑚礁存在，其珊瑚礁形成于6900a前。涠洲岛总的地貌特征是南部沿岸以海蚀地貌为主，北部沿岸以海积地貌和珊瑚礁地貌为主，岛上不同程度地保存有火山活动的遗迹。总的地势则为南高北低，自南向北缓缓倾斜。 相似文献
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雷州半岛灯楼角珊瑚岸礁的特征 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
雷州半岛西南海岸的珊瑚礁是中国大陆唯一的全新世中期之初海侵以来形成的岸礁，灯楼角岸段岸礁沿灯楼角岬角两侧共长11.5km,宽500-1000m，厚约5m，珊瑚化石的优势种是Gonioporasp。本海区的海水温度，盐度，透明度和环境质量，均适合造礁石珊瑚生长，采集到活珊瑚8科16属25种，其中优势种是Acropora humilis,Porites lutea,Prities pukoensis和Favia speciosa。岸礁可分为礁坪和礁前向海坡两个地貌单元。内礁坪上有薄层细砂堆积的“沙帽”，主要由陆源碎屑沉积物，其次为生物碎屑组成。礁的^14C年龄主要为7120-4040aBP。在全球变化引起表层海水温度增高和海平面上升的条件下，由于大陆架深层水的影响，琼州海峡的沿岸水受到调节，夏季不致过热，冬季不致过冷，所以本区造礁石珊瑚仍能生长和繁殖，珊瑚礁仍存在和发展。 相似文献
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海南岛滨珊瑚δ18 O对环境条件的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用采自海南岛东岸沙老岸礁的活体橙黄滨珊瑚岩心,测试了其中11 a(1992—2002)的珊瑚骨骼氧同位素组成。通过与同期观测记录的海洋表面温度、海洋表层盐度进行比较分析,提出珊瑚δ18O对环境条件变化的响应特征。该地区珊瑚δ18O的年际变化主要受海洋表面温度的控制,而以夏季为代表的季节性变化则主要受海洋表层盐度的影响。 相似文献
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Effective conservation requires knowledge of the effects of habitat on distribution and abundance of organisms. Although the structure of coral reef fish assemblages is strongly correlated with attributes of reef structure, data relating reef types to fish assemblages are scarce. In this study we describe the influence of gross habitat characteristics and seasonality on coral reef fish assemblages of fringing and patch reefs in Kenya. Results showed that total fish abundance was not significantly different between the reefs; however, the fringing reef had higher species diversity during both the northeast (42 spp.) and southeast (36 spp.) monsoon seasons when compared to the patch reef. The more fished species (e.g. Siganus sutor and Lethrinus mahsena) were more abundant on the patch reef in both seasons. Statistical analysis indicated common species between the reefs were more abundant on the fringing reef. Seasons affected abundance of the more vagile species (S. sutor), whereas the reef‐attached sky emperor, L. mahsena was affected more by reef type than by seasons. No significant interaction effects of habitat and seasons were found, indicating independence of habitat and environmental variability in affecting fish assemblages on the reefs. Smaller sized fish dominated the fringing reef more than the patch reef, whereas the skewness index (Sk) indicated a normal‐sized frequency distribution on the patch reef. Trophic structure of the fishes varied more within than between reefs, whereas fish assemblage structure was affected more by seasons on the fringing reef. These results suggest that conservation measures such as marine protected area (MPA) design and setting should consider effects of reef morphology and environmental variability on coral‐reef fish assemblage structure. 相似文献
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It has been well observed that a reef crest (ridge) may be present at the reef edge, but so far very few published studies focusing on the effects of such reef-crest on the wave dynamics over fringing reefs. To understand the role of a reef-crest configuration in determining breaking-wave induced setup over the reef flat, a series of experiments were carried out in a wave flume using an idealized fringing reef model with a reef crest. Experimental results were reported for a trapezoidal reef crest with five reef-crest widths under a series of monochromatic waves. Also examined was the reef without a reef crest. Data analysis shows that larger energy dissipation associated with smaller surfzone width around the reef edge occurred with a wider reef crest. The maximum wave-induced setup on the reef flat in the presence of the reef crest was significantly larger than that without, and it also increased with increasing reef-crest width. The reef-crest submergence was found to be a primary parameter controlling the magnitude of wave setup on the reef flat provided that the reef crest was sufficient wide. An alternative semi-analytical 1DH model based on the balance of cross-shore momentum was proposed. The model was validated by present laboratory data as well as three existing 1DH laboratory studies. Comparing with other two representative semi-analytical models in the literature showed that the proposed model was capable of better reproducing the maximum wave-induced setup on the reef flat for a variety of reef profiles with/without a reef crest, different reef-crest water levels, as well as both monochromatic and spectral waves. The model parameter was physically related to the two characteristic lengths in the surf zone and its value was dependent on the fore-reef slope as well as the presence of a reef crest. The 1DH model was also satisfactorily applied to a fringing reef in field conditions where the effects of fore-reef friction and back-reef lagoon were not important. 相似文献
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在2018年的海南三亚西岛珊瑚群落分布和水质环境因子调查中, 共记录到造礁石珊瑚68种, 多孔螅2种。基于珊瑚礁底质类型的非度量多维标度分析, 可将西岛站位划分为区域1(东-南侧)和区域2(西侧)。全岛活珊瑚覆盖率为13.6%, 区域1和区域2分别为4.2%和27.7%, 区域2珊瑚多样性高于区域1。区域1珊瑚礁处在显著退化状态, 而区域2相对健康, 但是优势种类单一。与历史资料对比分析, 东侧站位造礁石珊瑚覆盖率从2011年的近40%降至2018年不足4%, 退化显著, 而西侧站位珊瑚礁无明显退化; 丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis)逐渐取代分枝状的鹿角珊瑚成为绝对优势种类; 珊瑚礁区浊度、溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN)和喇叭藻的δ15N均值分别为2.54NTU、9.63μmol·L-1和5.09‰, 均处在较高水平。相关性分析表明, 环境因子的空间变化并不能解释珊瑚群落的空间分布。因此, 推测人类活动引起的极端扰动事件可能是导致西岛珊瑚群落空间分布和东侧站位珊瑚近几年显著退化的主要原因, 如三亚河清淤在三亚湾随意倾倒引起的浑浊事件。应加强对三亚湾清淤和西岛人类活动的管控, 减轻颗粒物沉积和营养盐富集的影响, 促进西岛珊瑚礁逐渐恢复。 相似文献
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本文根据大亚湾大鹏澳菱角石沿岸的波浪、潮流和泥沙资料,探讨了菱角石沿岸泥沙来源、泥沙活动水深和破波带,估算了破波带沿岸输沙率和非破波带底沙单宽输沙率,说明了沿岸泥沙运移以破波带沿岸输沙为主,验证了赵子丹提出的估算沿岸输沙率的关系曲线的可靠性。 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of a parametric study of irregular wave run-up over fringing reefs using the shock-capturing Boussinesq wave model Funwave-TVD to better understand the role of fringing reefs in the mitigation of wave-driven flooding. Laboratory experiments were newly performed with a typical fringing reef profile and typical hydrodynamic conditions to validate the model. Experimental data shows irregular wave run-ups are dominated by the low-frequency motions and confirms the run-up resonant phenomenon over the back-reef slope, which has been revealed in previous numerical studies. It is demonstrated that irregular wave evolution and run-up over fringing reefs are reasonably reproduced by the present model with a proper grid size. However, the infragravity run-up height and highest 2% run-up height over the back-reef slope are under-predicted due to the underestimation of the infragravity wave height over the reef flat. The validated model was then utilized to model irregular wave transformations and run-ups under different conditions. Through a series of numerical experiments, the effects of key hydrodynamic and reef geometry parameters, including the reef flat width, water depth over the reef flat, fore-reef slope angle and back-reef slope angle, on the irregular wave run-up were investigated. Variations of spectral components of irregular wave run-ups were examined to better understand the physical process underlying the effect of each parameter. 相似文献
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Kazuo Abe 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(2):341-347
From April 2005 to March 2006, the concentration of dissolved cadmium (Cd) was monitored in the surface seawater of Urasoko
Bay, which is in a subtropical area of the North Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by a well-developed fringing reef. During
this period, the observed salinity and Cd concentrations varied in a range of approximately 16–34.5 and 4.8–77.8 pM, respectively.
The concentration range of Cd obtained in this study was considered to be too low to damage the coral species, and its variation
throughout the year did not show any seasonality and was not connected with climate data. The Cd-salinity plot for all the
data in the salinity range over 26 showed apparent non-conservative behavior, which suggests a possible irregular input of
Cd from a solid phase through streams and groundwater, release from bottom sediments, and atmospheric deposition into the
bay. 相似文献
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渤海湾西北岸滨海湖埋藏牡蛎礁古生态环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对渤海湾西北岸沿海平原滨海湖埋藏牡蛎礁的分布形态进行了综合调查,并对位于礁体中央部位的一个垂直剖面上的礁体下伏沉积物、礁体内的泥砂质充填物连续取样。综合研究表明,该埋藏礁体生长于河流入海口处,长轴方向NW—SE、沿古河床分布。礁体开始建造于2445aBP前,基底坐落于当时的潮间带下部。持续建礁约160年后,至2287aBP时,礁体建造至潮间带中部海平面位置。随着岸线的推进,河流携带的大量泥砂逐渐掩埋了平均厚度约2m的滨海湖牡蛎礁。 相似文献
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Pierre Weydert 《Marine Geology》1974,17(5):299-337
The Tuléar area lies on the southwest coast of Madagascar. The Tropic of Capricorn runs across the center of the Bay of Tuléar which is closed by a barrier reef called the “Grand Récif”. Other reef tracts can be found in this bay: fringing reefs, inner reefs, coral islets, coral banks.This paper is the result of a study of the outer side of the area called the “shipwreck sector”, which extends just in front of the city of Tuléar, in the northern part of the Grand Récif. The investigations were made by diving as deep as 50 m and below this depth by dredging down to 150 m. The outer slope consists of several zones, the succession of which forms the elements of a morphological model.The numerical values of sedimentological indices and sedimentary facies were obtained by means of an I.B.M. 360/44 or a C.I.I. computer; they do not vary independently but derive from each other. A sedimentary sequence is defined as a precise succession of facies which continues to be modified during the transfer of sediments inside the sedimentary sequence. The numerical values of the indices of a given facies show coherent variations which point to the evolution of the sediments during their transfer. The successions and relations of different sequences form the sedimentological model. The combination of terms in the morphological and sedimentological models allows the morpho-sedimentary model to be defined. This model can be integrated into one elaborated for the Tuléar area as a whole.Generally, two sequences extend on the outer slope. The first one is the spur and groove sequence that starts with an accumulated facies of gravel in the surf zone. The shifting facies of sands in which a very evolved material is included, mark the transition to the stable facies of accumulation. In this sequence wave action plays a central part. The second sequence is formed by sedimentary deposits of the coral flagstone (deep coral flagstone forward the reef). They are characterized by the presence of free or loose organic elements. These elements derive from calcareous algea. They are chiefly made of rhodolite nodules, rhodolite pseudonodules and Lithothamnion particles mixed with sand very rich in Foraminifera.The nature, distribution and percentage of these elements were studied as a function of the depth where they were found and, therefore, of the distance from the reef front. These free organogenic elements are typical of the outer slope of coral-reef tracts beaten by heavy swells. 相似文献