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1.
与陆相火山作用有关的稀有金属矿床可划分为三种类型,即含稀有金属火山岩矿床,火山期后热液矿床和火山岩风化矿床。从火山岩浆作用、火山构造及围岩地层成矿条件,初步探讨了内生成矿控制因素,并指出火山岩型稀有稀土矿床在我国具有找矿前景。 相似文献
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新疆阿尔泰托莫尔特铁(锰)矿成矿作用 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
新疆托莫尔特中型铁(锰)矿床赋存于上志留-下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组变质火山-沉积岩系中。本研究利用硫同位素和年代学,探讨该矿床的成矿物质来源、成矿时代和成矿作用。结果表明,矿床的形成经历火山沉积期、岩浆热液叠加改造期和区域变质期。火山沉积期为铁和锰主要成矿期,岩浆热液叠加改造期形成少量铁和铜矿化。火山沉积期黄铁矿的δ34S变化于6.2‰～13.1‰和-20‰,表明硫主要来自火山岩,也有少量来自细菌还原海水中的硫酸盐。岩浆热液叠加改造期硫化物的δ34S变化于-1.8‰～8.5‰,主要集中在-1.8‰～3.8‰,表明硫主要来自黑云母花岗斑岩脉。含矿岩系变流纹岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(406.7±4.3)Ma,穿切矿体的黑云母花岗斑岩脉锆石激光剥蚀-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICPMS)U-Pb年龄为(401.6±0.6)Ma,表明托莫尔特铁矿火山沉积期形成的Fe-Mn矿化及岩浆热液叠加改造期形成的Fe-Cu矿化出现在早泥盆世(407～401 Ma),为火山喷发沉积和岩浆侵入活动的产物。 相似文献
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阿舍勒块状铜-锌硫化物矿床产于中泥盆统阿舍勒组以英安质为主的钙碱性火山岩系中.矿化发生于中酸性火山喷发活动行将结束的阶段.矿床受岩性、火山穹丘和断裂控制.成矿物质主要来自火山岩浆热液、火山岩及海水.矿液主要由岩浆水和海水组成.矿床的形成经历了火山喷发沉积期、热液沉积充填期和矿床变质期.矿床是海底火山作用形成的热液沉积-交代充填成因的块状硫化物型矿床,可与黑矿型矿床对比. 相似文献
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新疆阿尔泰以发育VMS型多金属矿、与海相火山作用有关的铁矿、伟晶岩型稀有金属矿和造山型金矿为特色,近年来新疆维吾尔自治区有色地质勘查局地质矿产勘查研究院发现了巴斯铁列克中型钨多金属矿,这是首次在阿尔泰发现的钨矿,拓展了阿尔泰找矿思路。巴斯铁列克钨多金属矿赋存于矽卡岩中,成矿过程划分为早期矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段和石英-硫化物阶段,其中退化蚀变阶段是白钨矿主要成矿阶段,石英-硫化物阶段是铜锌金的主要成矿阶段。切穿多金属矿体的伟晶岩脉锆石LA-Q-ICP-MSU-Pb加权平均年龄为275.4Ma,矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为284.4 Ma,厘定巴斯铁列克钨多金属矿形成于284Ma,属早二叠世成矿。成矿时代及岩体年龄表明,巴斯铁列克钨多金属矿的形成与矿区西可斯尔鬼黑云母二长花岗质岩浆期后热液交代康布铁堡组大理岩和变粒岩形成的矽卡岩有关。 相似文献
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VMS矿床是中亚造山带的重要矿床类型,在新疆中亚造山带（即新疆北部）主要分布于阿尔泰和东天山的阿舍勒、克兰、麦兹和卡拉塔格矿集区.含矿层位主要有下?中志留统红柳峡组、上志留统?下泥盆统康布铁堡组下亚组和上亚组、下?中泥盆统阿舍勒组和下石炭统小热泉子组海相火山沉积岩系.矿区发育喷流岩,如含铁碧玉岩、重晶石、硅质岩、铁锰质大理岩、黄铁矿层、绿泥石岩.VMS成矿系统中发育多种矿化类型,“双层结构”（层状或透镜状矿体和补给通道相脉状矿体）是其中之一,还有与火山热液有关的脉状矿化、与次火山热液有关的脉状和浸染状矿化.VMS矿床形成于3个成矿期,即早?中志留世（428~438 Ma）、早?中泥盆世（379~413 Ma）和早石炭世（332~359 Ma）.硫来自下伏火山岩、海水硫酸盐无机还原作用和硫酸盐细菌还原作用.成矿流体以中低温（300~120 ℃）低盐度（2%~10% NaCleq）为特色,成矿流体为深循环海水混合不同比例的岩浆水.VMS成矿系统中由于受火山机构、岩相、矿化类型、矿化部位、成矿流体来源、物理化学条件等因素影响,造成了成矿元素组合复杂. 相似文献
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新疆可可塔勒铅锌矿床同位素地球化学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
同位素资料表明,可可塔勒铅锌矿床成矿时代为早泥盆世,与下泥盆统海相火山岩系年代一致;矿石铅主要来自于活动造山带,与弧盆系火山岩有关,属幔壳混合铅;矿石的硫源与赋矿围岩或后期脉状矿石的硫源存在明显的差异,前者属细菌成因硫和海水硫酸盐还原硫的混合,后者属深部火山硫或岩浆硫;主成矿期的成矿介质水主要是海水,可能有少量大气降水加入,后期矿化则以混合岩浆水为主。矿床形成属海底火山喷气－沉积迭加改造型矿床。 相似文献
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东天山雅满苏铁矿床夕卡岩成因及矿床成因类型 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
新疆东天山雅满苏铁矿床是该区乃至我国产于海相火山岩中的典型铁矿床,其矿床成因类型长期以来一直有海相火山岩型和矽卡岩型之争,争论的焦点是该矿床中矽卡岩的成因,影响了关键控矿要素的确定和找矿标志的建立.为了探讨矽卡岩的成因,本文测定了穿插铁矿体和矽卡岩的辉绿岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,采用XRF方法测定了雅满苏铁矿区火山岩、火山沉积岩和矽卡岩的主量元素含量,采用电子探针方法分析了该矿床不同产态不同期次矽卡岩中石榴石的矿物组成.测得辉绿岩脉锆石年龄为335Ma,将雅满苏矿区铁矿化和矽卡岩的形成时代限定于335Ma之前,表明矿化蚀变与火山岩同期,是雅满苏组火山岩喷发期热液交代作用的产物.岩矿鉴定也显示热液改造首先形成葡萄石,进而由于流体中铁质的加入形成石榴石.两期石榴石的矿物化学特征表明早期形成的石榴石富铁;晚期形成的石榴石铁质含量低,并有磁铁矿和黄铁矿等金属矿物与其共生.由于该矽卡岩的形成与火成岩体接触带的交代作用没有明显成因联系,因此笔者认为该矿床中的矽卡岩属广义矽卡岩,矿床成因类型归为海相火山岩型铁矿床更合理. 相似文献
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新疆阿尔泰巴特巴克布拉克铁矿床矽卡岩矿物特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
巴特巴克布拉克铁矿床为在新疆阿尔泰新发现的中型铁矿床,赋存于上志留统—下泥盆统康布铁堡组变质火山-沉积岩系中,近矿围岩为石榴子石矽卡岩、角闪斜长变粒岩和浅粒岩,矿体呈似层状、透镜状及不规则状,周围发育大量矽卡岩矿物。文章对矽卡岩矿物进行了研究,电子探针分析结果显示,石榴子石端员组分为钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列,辉石端员组分以透辉石-钙铁辉石为主,角闪石端员组分以铁镁钙闪石为主。研究表明,矿区矽卡岩为交代成因矽卡岩。通过矿床地质及矿物成因研究,认为该矽卡岩是由岩浆热液交代火山岩所形成,磁铁矿的富集成矿与矽卡岩的退化蚀变密切相关。 相似文献
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乌吐布拉克中型铁矿床赋存于上志留统—下泥盆统康布铁堡组变质火山-沉积岩系中,矿体呈似层状、透镜状,矿体及其周围发育大量矽卡岩矿物。电子探针分析表明石榴石端员组分以钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列为主,辉石端员组分以透辉石为主,角闪石端员组分主要为铁镁钙闪石,这些特点表明矿区矽卡岩为交代矽卡岩中的钙矽卡岩。磁铁矿的主要组分、稀土及微量元素表明其形成与矽卡岩密切相关。结合矿床地质特征,认为矽卡岩是由岩浆热液流体交代康布铁堡组基性火山岩(熔岩和火山碎屑岩)及灰岩而形成的,磁铁矿的形成与矽卡岩的退化变质作用有关。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献