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1.
Qiu Dahong Zhou Yuanheng Jia Ying Professor Dept. of Civil Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian Lecturer Dept. of Civil Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 《中国海洋工程》1992,(1)
Based on the 1st order cnoidal wave theory, the wave diffraction around the pier group inshallow water is studied in this paper. The formulas for calculating the nonlinear wave forces are also presented here. In order to verify the theoretical results, model tests are conducted in the wave flume in The State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering located in Dalian University of Technology. The range of the wave parameters in the experiments is characteristic wave period T g/d~(1/2) = 8.08- 22.86, characteristic wave height H/ d= 0.1 ~ 0.45. The results obtained from the experiments agree with the theoretical results quite well. It is shown that, in shallow water the nonlinear wave forces acting on a pier group are greater than those calculated by linear wave theory, the value of increment in wave force increases with the increases of the nonlinearity of the wave. In the wave range studied in this paper, the nonlinear wave force can reach over 4 times the force calculatecd by linear wave theory. Thus, it is suggested that, when Tg / d~(1/2)> 8, the wave force on the piers in the pier group in shallow water should be calculated by using the cnoidal wave theory. 相似文献
2.
PAN Shaohua XIAQiyi LIN Shiqing XU Lunhuan
Professor Dept. of Coastal Engineering College of Harbour Waterway Coastal Engineering Hohai University Nanjing P. R. China.
Senior Engineer Dept. of Coastal Engineering College of Harbour Waterway Coastal Engineering Hohai University Nanjing P. R. China.
Senior Engineer Fujian Province Ports Shipping Administration Bureau Fuzhou P. R. China. 《中国海洋工程》1999,(2)
Test studies on the wave pressure on a breakwater pier show that the influence of transmissivewave pressure on the outside wall of the breakwater pier is considerable,when the width of the pier is notvery large.The variations of transmissive wave pressure on the breakwater pier with different widths arecompared and the relationship is obtained between relative transmitting distance b/L and wave pressurereduction factor K,which may be used in the design of similar breakwater piers. 相似文献
3.
利用Flow-3D建立三维数值波浪水槽,模拟波浪在不对称台阶地形上的传播。系统研究规则波作用下墩柱周围水流的流动特性,分析墩柱周围的瞬时速度场、涡量场以及KC值变化,不同相位时墩柱前、后水平流速分布情况。结果表明:波浪在台阶地形传播的过程中,墩柱迎水面的涡动结构不够明显;高涡量呈对称状聚集在墩柱的背水面,并形成一对旋转方向相反的涡结构;周期对KC值的影响比波高的影响要明显;墩柱迎水面水平方向流速变化较大,侧面水平流速变化最为剧烈,背面由于受到墩柱的掩护作用水平方向流速变化不大,在墩柱的正面和侧面竖向环流明显。 相似文献
4.
A laboratory study of local scour at complex piers under steady clear-water conditions is presented. The term complex piers is used to define a bridge pier comprising of a column, pile cap, and pile group. Comprehensive data over the full range of possible pile cap elevations for complex piers with different geometries were obtained using five complex pier models, which were scaled down from existing bridges in Malaysia. The data are used to evaluate existing methodologies for characterizing the effective width of complex piers with varying pile cap location relative to the undisturbed streambed. The effect of pile cap location on scour depth is also addressed. To improve the predictions of local scour at complex piers, the new data and some previous data are used to propose a new method to predict local scour depth at complex piers. 相似文献
5.
In the case of pier-group structures in offshore engineering construction, the calculation of wave forces on piers is quite complicated due to the wave scattering effect on the piers in group. In this paper, the diffraction problem of two piers with unequal diameters is studied and formulas for calculating wave forces on piers are given on the basis of MacCamy-Fuchs linear wave diffraction theory with a strict consideration on the phase difference between the piers in a pier-group. 相似文献
6.
小尺度群桩应用广泛,一直是学者研究的重点,小尺度有别于大尺度桩柱,由于桩柱周围存在漩涡的脱落,使得受力特性复杂。以往的研究过程中,波浪主要采用单向不规则波浪,并且试验模型多以两桩或三桩组成的群桩结构为主,桩数相对较少。多向不规则波与群桩结构的作用特点有别于单向不规则波且研究较少。通过物理模型试验,针对多向不规则波对于9桩桩排群桩结构的作用进行了研究。首先综合考虑KC1/3数和相对桩径的影响,提出以参数KCLD 1/3数来衡量群桩的效应,并分析了正向力与横向力随着参数KCLD 1/3数和相对桩距的变化关系,研究了群桩中不同桩位桩柱波浪力的变化规律和方向分布宽度对于群桩波浪力的影响。研究结果表明,群桩中各桩的正向力随着方向分布标准差的增大而减小,而横向力在相对桩距较大时随着方向分布标准差的增大而增大,同时群桩中不同位置桩上的波浪力具有较大的差异。 相似文献
7.
8.
Qiu Dahong 《中国海洋工程》1992,(2)
Based on the 1st order cnoidal wave theory, the nonlinear wave diffraction around a circular cylinder in shallow water is studied in this paper. The equation of the wave surface around the cylinder is formulated and by using this formula the wave surface elevation on the cylinder surface can be obtained. In this paper, the formula for calculating the cnoidal wave force on a circular cylinder is also derived. For the wave conditions which are often encountered in practical engineering designs, the ratios of the nonlinear wave forces to the linear wave forces are calculated, and the results are plotted in this paper for design purposes. In order to verify the theoretical results, model tests are conducted. After comparing the test results with the theoretical ones, it is concluded that, in shallow water, for the case of T g / d~(1/2) > 8-10 and H / d > 0.3, the cnoidal wave theory should be used to calculate the wave action on a cylindrical pier. 相似文献
9.
Study on Wave Dissipation of the Structure Combined by Baffle and Submerged Breakwater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper proposes a structure combined by baffle and submerged breakwater (abbreviated to SCBSB in the following texts). Such a combined structure is conducive to the water exchange in the harbor, and has strong capability on wave dissipation. Our paper focuses on the discussion of two typical structures, i.e., the submerged baffle and rectangular breakwater combined with the upper baffle respectively, which are named as SCBSB1 and SCBSB2 for short. The eigenfunction method corrected by experimental results is used to investigate the wave dissipation characteristics. It shows that the calculated results agree well with the experimental data and the minimum value of the wave transmission coefficient can be obtained when the distance between the front and rear structures is from 1/4 to 1/2 of the incident wave length. 相似文献
10.
跨海大桥桥墩基础施工若采用双壁钢围堰,则在其外壁进行开孔可有效减小波浪力,有利于降低钢围堰的制作造价和提高基础施工的安全性。以某跨海大桥基础施工采用的双壁圆形钢吊箱围堰为研究对象,引入波浪力折减系数Kd对消波效果进行评价,采用数值方法着重分析波浪参数和围堰自身结构设计参数对消波效果的影响规律。结果表明:Kd随波陡增大呈先快后缓的增大趋势,波陡超过0.032后,消波效果基本不再变化;随着相对水深的增大,Kd呈先减小后增大并趋缓的规律,在相对水深d/L约为0.455时取得最小值;Kd随开孔率的增大呈线性减小,开孔率越大,消波效果越好。随着双壁间距s的增大,Kd总体上呈减小趋势,且减小速率先快后慢;双壁间距较小时,开孔的消波作用较弱。开孔率和双壁间距两种因素间存在耦合作用,两者越大,其耦合作用也越强。围堰设计中可适当增大开孔率并选取合适的双壁间距以得到最佳消波效果。 相似文献
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12.
海洋波浪能平均功率的准确计算是波浪能开发和利用的基础。实践中，波浪能转换装置一般安装在有限水深区域。对于随机波，只有当详尽的波浪谱已知的时候，有限水深区的波能功率才能被准确计算出来。由于种种原因，实践中波浪的实测数据大多以散点图或有义波高和统计波周期的形式给出，而波浪谱信息有时则很难获得。基于这种情况，传统上人们利用无限水深条件下的相关公式来估算有限水深区域的波能功率，但这种做法会造成较大的误差。本研究显示，对于50 m水深的理论波谱JONSWAP谱来说该误差高达14.6%。为了提高波能功率计算的准确性，本文提出了一种基于能量频率的一阶和二阶近似算法，可以在未知波浪谱的情况下较为准确地计算不同水深时的波能功率。针对两种理论波浪谱的计算结果表明，本方法在计算有限带宽内的波能功率时计算误差低于2.8%。 相似文献
13.
Compared with solar and wind energy, wave energy is a kind of renewable resource which is enormous and still under development. In order to utilize the wave energy, various types of wave energy converters (WECs) have been proposed and studied. And oscillating-body WEC is widely used for offshore deployment. For this type of WEC, the oscillating motion of the floater is converted into electricity by the power take off (PTO) system, which is usually mathematically simplified as a linear spring and a damper. The linear PTO system is characteristic of frequency-dependent response and the energy absorption is less powerful for off resonance conditions. Thus a nonlinear snap through PTO system consisting of two symmetrically oblique springs and a linear damper is applied. A nonlinear parameter γ is defined as the ratio of half of the horizontal distance between the two oblique springs to the original length of both springs. JONSWAP spectrum is utilized to generate the time series of irregular waves. Time domain method is used to establish the motion equation of the oscillating-body WEC in irregular waves. And state space model is applied to replace the convolution term in the time domain motion equation. Based on the established motion equation, the motion response of both the linear and nonlinear WEC is numerically calculated using 4th Runge–Kutta method, after which the captured power can be obtained. Then the influences of wave parameters such as peak frequency, significant wave height, damping coefficient of the PTO system and the nonlinear parameter γ on the power capture performance of the nonlinear WEC is discussed in detail. Results show that compared with linear PTO system, the nonlinear snap through PTO system can increase the power captured by the oscillating body WEC in irregular waves. 相似文献
14.
通过大尺度水槽波浪引起泥沙悬移的动床模型实验,研究了沙坝海岸破波带内水底悬沙浓度形成机理,通过比较时间平均水底悬沙浓度与时间平均水底波浪水质点动能或时间平均水底湍动能之间的相关性,论证了利用时间平均湍动能比利用时间平均波浪水质点动能计算时间平均水底悬沙浓度更为适用,并提出了以上时间平均水底悬沙浓度与水底湍动能之间的关系也可以用来近似表达时间变化的水底悬沙浓度与时间变化的水底湍动能之间的关系。研究针对规则波、波群和不规则波3种波浪形态进行,并分别对破波带内的爬坡区、内破波区和沙坝区3个区域实验结果进行讨论。 相似文献
15.
—In this paper,the second-order perturbation method in frequency domain is used to calculateRAO and spectra of motion and mooring line tension of a turret-moored tanker in ballast condition.Thecalculated results are compared with corresponding experiment results.In the experiment the wave head-ing is 180°,and the wave spectra is the P-M spectrum and white noise spectrum.In the theoretical calcu-lations,the damping coefficient of slow oscillation of the tanker is determined on the basis of the dampingobtained from a test of irregular waves where the mooring system is replaced by a nonlinear spring withnonlinear stiffness similar to that of the mooring system.From the comparison between theoretical calcula-tions and experimental results,it can be found that the theoretical results obtained by the second-orderperturbation method in frequency domain are in good agreement with the experimental results,indicatingthat the damping coefficient of slow oscillation of the tanker required in frequency domain calcu 相似文献
16.
In actual sea states, damage to offshore floating structures is usually caused by a few extreme waves or wave groups in an irregular wave train. Accurate simulation of the irregular wave trains can lay a solid foundation for understanding the local flow field and impact loads that would potentially cause such damage. This paper describes how the generation of a single extreme wave was investigated. Determination of the wave-maker motion for generating specified irregular wave trains is the key to this work. First, an experimental irregular wave train was decomposed into a certain number of small-amplitude waves. Fourier series expansion was performed to determine the amplitude and the initial phase angle of each wave component. Then a hydrodynamic transfer function was used to calculate the amplitude of the wave-maker motion associated with each wave component. Superposition was made on all the wave components to get the final wave-maker motion. During the numerical simulation, calculated horizontal velocity profiles of the extreme wave at different moments were analyzed and compared with experimental results, and a satisfactory agreement was obtained. In the simulation, VOF method was employed to capture the free surface, and a dissipation zone was used to deal with wave reflection. 相似文献
17.
Based on Hong‘s theory, previous random models, and a generalized expression suitable for FIT calculation, the interaction between irregular waves and vertical walls is numerically simulated. The results of simulation demonstrate that the wave energy changes with the incidence angle and the distance from the wall. Particularly, the Mach effect and the combined wave spectrum characteristics are analyzed in detail, which are significant in both theory and practice. 相似文献
18.
AbstractSediment has a severe effect on bridge stability, and time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is a suitable method for assessing scour depth. This paper presents a fundamental study to demonstrate the suitability of a circular TDR system to enhance the resolution when monitoring scour depth with consideration of detailed local changes over a wide area around piers. A total of 32 electrodes are vertically installed on a cylinder pier around the circumference at ～7.36?mm intervals. Scour depth is investigated through small-scale laboratory experiments, where a measured waveform reflects the artificially constructed scour depth with high resolution (≈5?mm). Different scour types including circular, mushroom, elliptical, and irregular shapes are developed to verify the application of circular TDR, and shapes are predicted through the detailed local distribution. The influences of the reflected waveform according to water level change, temperature variation, and salinity effect are investigated as additional considerations, and the relative deviation of scour depth is analyzed. This study demonstrates that the proposed circular TDR system achieves better resolution than existing single TDR systems and may provide a better alternative technique for monitoring scour depth. 相似文献
19.
通过测试一系列不规则波工况研究了防浪建筑物存在下珊瑚礁海岸附近短波、低频长波和增水的变化规律，并对比了防浪建筑物的不同位置情况。分析结果表明：波浪在沿礁传播过程中，短波波高沿礁坪持续衰减，低频长波波高沿礁坪逐渐增大，波浪增水则沿礁坪基本保持不变；海岸附近短波随着防浪建筑物与礁缘距离的变大而减小，低频长波则在防浪建筑物处于礁坪后部时达到最大，防浪建筑物位置的变化对于礁坪波浪增水的影响可以忽略。通过理论分析证明了珊瑚礁地形上低频长波是由于群波破碎造成的破碎点移动而产生的；当特定波况作用于特定位置的防浪建筑物时，低频长波在礁坪上会发生一阶共振效应导致其能量在海岸附近达到最大值。 相似文献
20.
Dynamics of ships and fenders during berthing in a time domain 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
When designing fixed or semi-fixed structures used for berthing ships, it is generally assumed that the entire kinetic energy of the ship is absorbed by the fender or the system of fenders. The fenders have the functions of ensuring a safe berthing both for the ships and the piers by absorbing shock loads and preventing direct contact between the berthed ship and the pier. In this study, the problem is analyzed in the stages of berthing, collision and leaving. Each of the stages is analyzed and solved in the time domain. The system is assumed to consist of three components: pier, fender and the ship. Environmental effects that simultaneously affect berthing are wave, current and wind effects. Cummins equation was assumed to be a good representation of the problem and was solved in time domain taking various factors into account. Nonlinear effects related to the instantaneous values of forces, moments and ship motions, which are time dependent, were studied by the Cummins equation and its later developments by Ogilvie. Fender forces were added to the calculation scheme by the authors. A case study for a passenger ferry operating in Izmir bay is presented. 相似文献