共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
基于室内模型试验,就闭合型与单片地下连续墙基础在竖向承载性能上的差异进行了对比分析,并采用FLAC-3D软件进行数值分析来丰富室内模型试验,探讨了土体变形模量、密度、内聚力以及内摩擦角对闭合型地下连续墙竖向承载力的影响。结果表明：闭合型地下连续墙基础外侧摩阻力的发挥过程与单片地下连续墙基础大致相同,但由于土芯的存在,其内侧摩擦阻力发挥机理更复杂;闭合型与单片地下连续墙基础均可视为端承摩擦型基础;随着墙周土变形模量的增加,闭合型地下连续墙基础竖向位移显著减少,墙体轴力也减少;密度对闭合型地下连续墙基础沉降的影响不显著;内聚力对侧摩擦阻力的影响程度受地下连续墙和土体之间相对位移量的控制;只有闭合型地下连续墙基础的沉降量超过20 mm时,土体内摩擦角才对基础的竖向承载力有较大影响。 相似文献
2.
Residual strength of slip zone soils 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Slip zones of ancient landslides are commonly composed of fine-grained soils with amount of coarse-grained particle. Residual strength of slip zone soil is an important parameter for evaluating reactivation potential and understanding progressive failure mechanism. In this study, the residual strength is examined by in situ direct shear tests, improved laboratory reversal shear box test, precut specimen triaxial shear test and ring shear test. Some residual shear behaviors are recognized. Field residual strength is the average operational resistance along the sliding surface not an ideal drained strength, which is less than peak and greater than residual strength measured in laboratory. Stress–displacement curves obtained from in situ shear and laboratory reversal direct shear demonstrate strain-hardening which have no significant peak, but the shear stress is decreased gradually with increasing displacement. Residual friction coefficient depends on the normal stress, and this dependence is relevant to the interaction of rolling and sliding of particles. Residual friction angle is closely related to coarse fraction and dry density, appearing a linear increase with increasing coarse fraction and a form of polynomial function with increasing dry density. The influence of shearing rate on residual strength can be negligible. 相似文献
3.
土工格室加筋土的大尺寸直剪试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用自行研制的500 mm?500 mm?400 mm（长?宽?高）大尺寸直剪仪,对土工格室加筋土以及土工格室加筋水泥稳定土的剪切性能进行了试验研究。通过大尺寸直剪试验模拟土工格室加筋土的剪切作用过程,得出加筋土剪切应力与剪切应变关系为非线性确定了土工格室加筋土的抗剪强度指标以及土工格室对土的抗剪强度增强机理,土工格室加筋土的黏聚力提高较大,内摩擦角变化相对较小。通过对素土和掺入量为5 %的水泥稳定土进行常规直剪试验、大尺寸直剪试验和三轴压缩试验对比分析,探讨不同试验方法对抗剪强度指标的影响,得出3种试验方法对应的抗剪强度指标及其相对大小;即素土的摩擦角大小依次为：三轴试验小于大尺寸直剪试验小于常规直剪试验,素土的黏聚力大小依次为：大尺寸直剪试验小于三轴试验小于常规直剪试验;水泥稳定土的摩擦角大小为：三轴试验小于大尺寸直剪试验,黏聚力结果比较大小依次为：三轴试验小于大尺寸直剪试验。 相似文献
4.
粗粒土的破碎耗能计算及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
粗粒土的颗粒破碎直接改变了土体本身结构,对粗粒土的剪胀和内摩擦角都会产生影响。在土体剪切过程中,体积应力和剪切应力在体积应变和剪切应变上做功,这部分能量在剪切过程中转化为颗粒的弹性储能、颗粒间的摩擦耗能、颗粒剪胀时对外做功和颗粒破碎耗能4部分。准确计算剪切过程中粗粒土破碎耗能的目的是：从能量角度分析颗粒破碎对土体本构关系的影响,为建立考虑颗粒破碎的粗粒土本构关系创造条件。通过分析粗粒土的常规三轴试验数据,计算得到了剪切过程中的粗粒土破碎耗能。计算结果表明,常规三轴试验条件下粗粒土破碎耗能主要受固结应力、土体摩擦系数M等因素的影响。 相似文献
5.
试验条件对土工格栅与膨胀土界面拉拔性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）单向土工格栅,以及南水北调中线工程新乡段的膨胀性泥灰岩风化土,在填土尺寸为600 mm×600 mm×600 mm的大型叠环式剪切试验机上进行一系列拉拔试验,研究了土工格栅与试验箱侧壁距离、拉拔速率、上覆荷载大小等试验条件因素对筋土界面拉拔性状的影响。结果表明：不排水条件下,土工格栅与试验箱侧壁的距离,对峰值拉拔力、界面强度与切向刚度的影响不大;拉拔速率较大时,拉拔力增长较快,其拉拔力峰值和界面强度较大;上覆荷载和拉拔力不同,格栅的变形量及筋土相对位移量不同,不同上覆荷载下界面摩阻力沿格栅埋入长度分布的非均匀程度不同,并可导致较小上覆荷载下界面平均摩阻力反而较大的反常行为。 相似文献
6.
《Engineering Geology》2002,63(1-2):169-185
Heavy rainfall from 26 to 31 August 1998 triggered many landslides in Nishigo Village of southern Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The Hiegaesi landslide, a long-runout landslide with travel angle of 11°, which occurred in loamy volcanic-ash/pumice layer and was deposited in a nearby rice paddy, was investigated. In an observation pit dug in the middle part of the landslide deposit, the sliding zone just above the deflected rice plants was observed, and it was confirmed that grain crushing occurred in the sliding zone. The triggering and sliding mechanisms of this landslide then were investigated by ring-shear tests in laboratory. For the triggering mechanism, one saturated naturally drained test (test A: torque-controlled test) and one saturated undrained test (test B: speed-controlled test) were conducted on the samples taken from the source area of the landslide. Even in the naturally drained test opening the upper drain valve of the shear box, a temporary liquefaction occurred. In the undrained test, excess pore-pressure was generated along with shearing, and “sliding-surface liquefaction” phenomenon was observed. The effective stress and shear resistance finally decreased to near zero. These results can explain the observed phenomenon of small friction resistance like a flow of liquid when the sliding mass slid out of the source area. For the sliding mechanism of the landslide in the rice paddy, saturated undrained test (test C: speed-controlled test) was performed on soil sample above the deflected rice plants. The apparent friction angle obtained in this test was 8°. In addition, the residual friction angle measured after test B and test C was the same value of 41°. Combining with the observation on the shear zone in the ring-shear box after test C, it is concluded that, during the sliding in rice paddy, the undrained shear strength of the soil layer itself mainly influenced the high mobility of the landslide, probably because the friction between rice plants and soils is greater than the undrained shear strength inside the soil mass. 相似文献
7.
粗粒含量对砾类土的工程力学特性具有重要的影响。本文对4组不同粗粒含量的强风化玄武岩砾类土进行了大型直剪试验,并获取相关的强度与变形参数,基于离散单元法颗粒流理论,采用粒间作用为平行黏结模型的圆球模拟土颗粒,建立了4种不同粗粒含量砾类土直剪的离散单元模拟的计算模型,并进一步校正了颗粒单元细观参数,模拟了不同粗粒含量砾类土100kPa垂直压力时的应力应变关系、垂直变形以及剪切带上的土颗粒运动与颗粒间作用力传递的影响特性,分析了粗粒含量对砾类土宏观及细观力学性质的影响机理。结果表明:砾类土表现出的粗粒含量越大强度越高的本质是由于随粗粒含量增加时,土颗粒间平均刚度增加及颗粒间的咬合作用使得摩擦系数增加,采用平行黏结模型能较好的拟合峰值前剪应力-剪位移曲线,但是峰后曲线段尤其对软化现象的适应性不是十分理想; 垂直位移-剪位移模拟值与试验值存在一定的偏差; 随着粗粒含量的增加,最大剪应力时粗颗粒对力链的控制表现得愈明显,相应的剪切带厚度约为剪切盒高度的1/3～1/5,并随粗粒含量增加而增大。 相似文献
8.
The results of an extensive programme of laboratory testing on intact and reconstituted samples of a pyroclastic weak rock from the volcanic complex of the Colli Albani (Central Italy) are presented. The deposit is known as Pozzolana Nera and may be assimilated to a bonded coarse grained material. The nature of bonds and the micro‐structural features were examined by means of diffractometry, optical and electron microscopy. As bonds are made of the same constituents of grains and aggregates of grains, bond deterioration and particles breakage upon loading are indistinguishable features of the mechanical behaviour. The testing programme consisted mainly of one‐dimensional and drained and undrained triaxial compression tests in a wide range of confining pressures up to 58 MPa. As confining stress increases, the mechanical behaviour of the material changes from brittle and dilatant to ductile and contractant; for both brittle and ductile behaviour failure is associated with the formation of shear surfaces separating the sample in several parts at the end of test. The experimental stress–dilatancy relationships are compared with the classical stress–dilatancy theories for a purely frictional material and for a material with friction and cohesion between particles. The analysis of the data indicates that peak strength results from the interplay between degradation of inter‐particle bonds, increasing friction between particles and increasing rate of dilation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Son, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
本文以风化砂改良膨胀土的抗剪强度指标为研究对象,通过室内直接剪切试验,研究了在不同垂直荷重作用下,不同掺砂比例及不同含水率对改良膨胀土抗剪强度指标c、值的影响规律及各种不同垂直荷重下的-关系。影响直接剪切试验结果的两个关键因素是试验时的垂直荷重和剪切速率,而现行规范对剪切速率是有明确规定的,但对垂直荷重只有一个推荐性的取值。本文对膨胀土掺入了10%、20%、30%、40%、50%的风化砂,分别配以6%、8%、10%、12%、14%的水,然后在I级垂直荷重(12.5～50kPa)、Ⅱ级垂直荷重(62.5～100kPa)、Ⅲ级垂直荷重(100～400kPa)作用下,进行剪切试验。通过试验研究得知:垂直荷重对改良后膨胀土抗剪强度指标影响较大,随着垂直荷重的减小,掺砂后的膨胀土内摩擦角逐渐增大,黏聚力逐渐减小; 在各级垂直荷重下,在同一含水率状态下,黏聚力均随着掺砂比例的增大而逐渐减小,而内摩擦角均是先增大后减小; 在同一掺砂比例下,黏聚力及内摩擦角均随着含水率的增大而先增大后减小。本试验的研究成果为风化砂改良膨胀土用作公路路基填料提供了试验依据。 相似文献
10.
土流变测定仪由土剪切试验仪改制而成,主要由剪切仪机架、剪切盒、垂直荷载杠杆加压系统、水平剪力施加系统等部件组成。水平剪力施加系统采用重力加压,两级变矩传动,传动系中配置了滚动轴承,安装了测力计,保证了试验数据的准确性。该土流变测定仪重量轻,体积小,结构紧凑,操作简便,具有剪切试验和流变试验两用功能。 相似文献
11.
在微机控制岩石剪切试验机上,针对预裂的含薄层黏土充填结构面板岩试件,进行不同法向应力下的结构面直剪试验,发现:结构面直剪试验中,并不是整个结构面都参与抗剪工作,只有部分结构面发挥抗剪作用,而且发挥抗剪作用的有效摩擦面积随法向应力的增大而增大,但是增大速率逐渐减小。基于整个结构面发挥抗剪作用的假设,获得了结构面表观剪应力-剪位移关系曲线,拟合计算了结构面表观抗剪强度指标;同时基于每次直剪试验中结构面部分区域发挥抗剪作用的假设,获得了结构面有效剪应力-剪位移关系曲线,拟合计算了结构面有效抗剪强度指标。对比两者发现:结构面抗剪强度指标中,内摩擦角与发挥抗剪作用面积的选取无关,黏聚力则受发挥抗剪作用面积选取的影响;基于结构面有效摩擦面积计算得到的有效黏聚力,相比表观黏聚力,提高了95%。本文研究成果对于滑坡工程治理方案的评估与选择具有重要的意义和价值。 相似文献
12.
Triaxial shear testing of polished slickensided surfaces 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Christopher L. Meehan Binod Tiwari Thomas L. Brandon J. Michael Duncan 《Landslides》2011,8(4):449-458
A series of consolidated-drained triaxial tests were performed on precut and polished clay specimens to measure their drained
residual strength. Two soils were tested during this research program: Rancho Solano Clay and San Francisco Bay Mud. Specimens
were tested using a specially modified triaxial compression device which was developed to minimize the effects of end-platen
restraint on the measured strengths. Special attention was paid to the influence of changing specimen area and membrane effects
during the test. Triaxial test results were compared with baseline measurements of drained residual shear strength that were
made for each of the clay soils using Bromhead ring shear tests and polished-specimen direct shear tests. Residual strength
values measured in the triaxial device were higher than the drained residual strengths measured in the Bromhead ring shear
apparatus and the direct shear device, indicating that this test approach is more challenging than the use of direct shear
tests conducted on polished slickensided surfaces. Comparison of single stage and multistage triaxial test data indicates
that multistage triaxial testing may work well for specimens that fail along a well-defined plane, provided that careful attention
is given to the effects of end platen restraint, membrane restraint, and changes in specimen area during shear. 相似文献
13.
草根加筋土的室内三轴试验研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
用室内三轴试验方法研究了草根加筋土的应力-应变及强度特性,探讨了在不同加筋情况下草根加筋土抗剪强度指标的变化规律,分析了素土和草根加筋土的变形破坏模式以及筋材在土体剪切过程中的阻抗机理。试验结果表明：（1）草根加筋土的强度和抵抗变形的能力较素土有显著的增强;（2）对于抗剪强度指标,与素土相比草根加筋土的内摩擦角变化较小（相对变化率绝对值在11 %以内）,但黏聚力增长较大（最大可达9倍）;（3）在草根加筋层数一定的情况下,随着加筋量的增加,草根加筋土的主应力差值、抗剪强度值以及黏聚力值呈现先增加后降低的趋势,亦即加筋层数相同时存在最佳含根量。本研究结果对于深入认识植被护坡机理和合理选择植被密度具有指导意义。 相似文献
14.
通过模型试验研究了竖向荷载作用下砂土中斜桩的荷载传递性状,分析了桩身倾角及长径比对斜桩桩身轴力、弯矩、剪力、桩侧摩阻力及端阻比的影响。试验结果表明：在桩顶竖向荷载作用下,斜桩桩身轴力均小于相应直桩桩身轴力,桩身倾角越大,轴力沿深度衰减得越快,桩长径比越大,轴力沿深度衰减得也越快;斜桩桩身最大弯矩随桩身倾角及长径比的增加而增加,最大弯矩出现的深度与桩身倾角无关,只与长径比相关;不论桩身倾角及长径比的大小,斜桩桩身最大剪力均出现在桩顶截面处,桩身最大剪力随着桩身倾角的增加而增大;桩身倾角越大,斜桩最大摩阻力越大,长径比越大,斜桩最大摩阻力越小,斜桩最大摩阻力出现在桩顶下1/4～1/5桩长处;斜桩端阻比随着桩顶竖向荷载的增加而增大,随着桩身倾角及长径比的增加而减小。 相似文献
15.
基于粘结和摩擦特性的岩石变形与破坏的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
就微观结构而言,矿物颗粒之间或相互粘结或相互分离,Coulomb准则的粘结力和内摩擦力在局部不能同时存在.粘结力是在变形作用下丧失的,材料丧失粘结力之后通过摩擦承载.若承载能力降低,屈服破坏仅在局部断面发生,具有脆性特征;反之将发生分布的屈服破坏,具有延性特征.围压增加可以使裂隙能够承载的摩擦力超过岩石材料的粘结力,那么当轴向应力增加到粘结力时,材料发生剪切屈服产生塑性变形,而摩擦力不会增加到其最大值,裂隙也不发生滑移.利用摩擦的概念可以理解不同岩石的变形、承载和破坏随围压变化的特征. 相似文献
16.
干密度和含水率对岩溶地区黄壤抗剪强度的影响——以重庆市南川区木渡河小流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择广泛分布于岩溶地区的黄壤,通过对室内三轴剪切试验,测定含水率和干密度交互作用对土壤抗剪强度指标的影响。试验表明:(1)在相同干密度情况下,黄壤粘聚力c随着含水率的增加呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,在相同土壤含水率水平下,粘聚力c随干密度增大而增大;黄壤内摩擦角φ在各干密度条件下均随着含水率增加呈明显减小的趋势,衰减速率基本一致;同一含水率水平下,内摩擦角φ随干密度变化不明显,土壤干密度为1.6g/cm3内摩擦角相对较大。(2)含水率和干密度的交互作用对黄壤粘聚力c有显著影响,粘聚力c在1.3~1.7g/cm3范围内随着干密度的增大而增大,且每一个干密度都有一个特定含水率与之对应,在这样一个交互作用下粘聚力c达到最大。(3)含水率和干密度的交互作用对内摩擦角φ影响相对较小,同一干密度下,其φ值差异不大,随干密度的增大缓慢增大,相对而言,含水率对内摩擦角φ的影响更明显,黄壤内摩擦角φ随含水率的增大呈非线性下降。 相似文献
17.
进行了H-V（水平-竖向）加筋饱和砂土固结不排水三轴试验。加筋材料采用镀锌铁皮和有机玻璃两种不同材料,在不同竖筋高度、不同围压下共进行了44组试验,研究了加筋饱和砂土的应力-应变关系、孔压-应变关系、强度特性及破坏形态,探讨了不同加筋高度、不同围压及不同筋材对加筋饱和砂土强度的影响,同时比较了立体加筋与土工格室加筋的异同,对饱和紧砂的空化现象及其影响进行了分析。试验结果表明,相对于无筋土及传统的水平加筋土而言,其抗剪强度均有大幅度提高;尤其是镀锌铁皮加筋,不仅提高了饱和砂土的有效黏聚力,也提高了有效内摩擦角,同时改善了砂土的延性。 相似文献
18.
原位直剪是测定土石混合料强度参数最为普遍也是最可靠的试验方法之一,但是现有原位直剪仪在试验过程中存在法向加压系统不合理、无法预留剪切缝等多方面的缺陷,影响试验结果的精度。本文对传统原位剪切仪进行有针对性的改造,研制出自反力双剪面大型剪切仪,该大型原位直剪仪有以下特点:（1）设备自身提供水平反力;（2）剪切过程中垂向加压系统固定,无需滚轴排;（3）剪切盒之间可预留可调节宽度的剪切缝,适用性更广;（4）装置模块化程度高,便于搬运、组装和拆卸。通过与单环剪切仪进行现场对比试验发现,与单环剪切仪得到的试验结果相比,自反力双剪面大型剪切仪得到的剪应力-剪切位移曲线为标准双曲线,并且可得到大剪切位移情况下的剪切曲线,通过大剪切位移曲线读取的最大剪应力更贴合实际。与单环剪切仪得到的抗剪强度值相比,内摩擦角低4.6°,而黏聚力高41.14 kPa。同时通过对两种剪切仪得到的剪切破坏面进行图像对照,可明显发现自反力双剪面大型剪切仪得到的剪切破坏面较为平整,未出现单环剪切仪对的剪切破坏面下凹现象。 相似文献
19.
20.
By incorporating the fabric effect and Lode’s angle dependence into the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, a strength criterion for cross-anisotropic sand under general stress conditions was proposed. The obtained criterion has only three material parameters which can be specified by conventional triaxial tests. The formula to calculate the friction angle under any loading direction and intermediate principal stress ratio condition was deduced, and the influence of the degree of the cross-anisotropy was quantified. The friction angles of sand in triaxial, true triaxial, and hollow cylinder torsional shear tests were obtained, and a parametric analysis was used to detect the varying characteristics. The friction angle becomes smaller when the major principal stress changes from perpendicular to parallel to the bedding plane. The loading direction and intermediate principal stress ratio are unrelated in true triaxial tests, and their influences on the friction angle can be well captured by the proposed criterion. In hollow cylinder torsional shear tests with the same internal and external pressures, the loading direction and intermediate principal stress ratio are related. This property results in a lower friction angle in the hollow cylinder torsional shear test than that in the true triaxial test under the same intermediate principal stress ratio condition. By comparing the calculated friction angle with the experimental results under various loading conditions (e.g., triaxial, true triaxial, and hollow cylinder torsional shear test), the proposed criterion was verified to be able to characterize the shear strength of cross-anisotropic sand under general stress conditions. 相似文献